Other Ways Other than Formal Schooling for Learning Core Subjects

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Recommended: Impacts of motivation on learning

There are many ways other than formal schooling in which students can learn major subjects such as Maths, English and Science. Alongside institutions, youth centres are now also assisting students to obtain GCSEs if they have not been offered a place in a college. Therefore, my placement consisted of observing a class of 7 students within a youth centre, who wanted to obtain a GCSE qualification in English. During the observations, there were many themes obtained from the placement. In this reflective overview, aspects such as motivation to learn and culture and diversity will be explored further to provide explanations coming from the psychological perspectives.

Themes:
Motivation to Learn
In one individual scenario, on the placement, one student created a PowerPoint presentation that received the teacher's compliments with how excellent the piece of work was presented. This suggestively, as theorized by Mueller and Dweck, encouraged other students to aim to perform higher than the complimented student when it was their turn to present. This teaching technique, know as vicarious reinforcement is a type that tends to and aims to increase the student’s production of a particular behaviour whilst setting out to increase the students' motivation to learn. The theorists, Mueller and Dweck (1998) identified that verbal praising, which is what took place within the given example, as an important variable which influences the individual’s motivation to learn. Motivation, as explained by Woolfolk, Hughes and Walkup (2013) is considered as something internal, which arouses, directs and maintains a person’s behaviour. These theorists stated that the behavioural approaches to motivation consist of careful analysis of incentives and re...

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...ing Effectiveness Research in the Past Decade: The Role of Theory and Research Design in Disentangling Meta-Analysis Results. Review of Educational Research, 77, 454.
Colquitt, J., LePine, J., & Noe, R. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: A meta-analysis path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 678-707.
Rjosk et al. (2014). Socioeconomic and language minority classroom composition and individual reading achievement: The mediating role of instructional quality. Learning and Instruction, 32, 63-72.
Van Ewijk, R., & Sleegers, P. (2010a). The effect of peer socioeconomic status on student achievement a meta-analysis. Educational Research Reviews, 5, 134-150.
Ames, C. (1984b). Competitive, cooperative and individualistic goal structures: A motivational analysis. Research on motivation in education, 1, 177-207.

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