In New Zealand, the immigrant population significantly consists of Pacific peoples, where there are a distinct group of 20 cultures and languages. Samoan Community is the highest among the population of New Zealand, then following are Cook Islanders, Tongans etc.…This paper will analyse the Tongan subgroup in particular, however other sub-groups will also be discussed. Pacific peoples were welcomed to New Zealand as workers during the 1950’s to the 1970’s. In the 1950’s, there was a post-war economic boom, which resulted in having a large demand of labour, which increased the immigration from many Polynesian nations. During this time, there was also an increased population growth rate in the Pacific Islands with no growth in employment opportunities. …show more content…
The Pacific Access Category (PAC) is a policy that was implemented by New Zealand where Tongans are allowed to immigrate to New Zealand based on an annual quota. Migrants include the applicants themselves, their direct children and their spouse. Usually there are an excess of applications for the quota, which is why there is a lottery, or a ballot in order to determine who can emigrate under the PAC. PAC is beneficial for migrants in some cases, where there are gains in income and employment and it is very popular in Tonga, however there are deficits in PAC being developed for economic developments in the Pacific Islands. Initially, New Zealand set out policies for immigration that not only benefits New Zealand, but also the Pacific Islands, however when immigrants like Tongans, come to the country, they face many challenges from …show more content…
However, the transaction costs for sending money between New Zealand and Tonga are very high, which has an impact on Tongan families to support their households in both Tonga and New Zealand. It is common among Tongan families to put a hold on paying household amenities and to pay for their families in Tonga due to obligations towards their families back home. Not only is gift giving important towards family, but also to Churches as it is an important part of traditional
Shelly Zumaya (2220 East Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55413) is the president and sole shareholder of Kiwi Corporation (stock basis of $400,000). Incorporated in 2003, Kiwi Corporation’s sole business has consisted of the purchase and resale of used farming equipment. In December 2011, Kiwi transferred its entire inventory (basis of $1.2 million) to Shelly in a transaction described by the parties as a sale. According to Shelly and collaborated by the minutes of the board of directors, the inventory was sold to her for the sum of $2 million, the fair market value of the inventory. The terms of the sale provided that Shelly would pay Kiwi Corporation the $2 million at some future date. This debt obligation was not evidenced by a promissory note, and to date, Shelly has made no payments (principal or interest) on the obligation. The inventory transfer was not reported on Kiwi’s 2011 tax return, either as a sale or a distribution. After the transfer of the inventory to Shelly, Kiwi Corporation had no remaining assets and ceased to conduct any business. Kiwi did not formally liquidate under state law. Upon an audit of Kiwi Corporation’s 2011 tax return, the IRS asserted that the transfer of inventory constituted a liquidation of Kiwi and, as such, that the corporation recognized a gain on the liquidating distribution in the amount of $800,000 [$2 million (fair market value) - $1.2 million (inventory basis)]. Further, because Kiwi Corporation is devoid of assets, the IRS assessed a tax due from Shelly for her gain recognized in the purported liquidating distributi...
However, some generalizations can be made to help provide culturally competent care to this group of people. One of the most significant factors of culture for Pacific Islanders is family. Family help care for each other and the family should be included in health care decisions. Health is viewed as being in balance and harmony, and illness viewed as an imbalance. Prayer is important aspect of health and healing. Traditionally, in the Pacific Islander culture having a very large body was a sign of health, wealth, and prestige. Just like many cultures food is used in ceremonies and social function. Certain foods are associated with the ethnic identity of the Pacific Islander cultures, these include: breadfruit, green bananas, yams, fruit, fish and coconuts to name a few (Sobralske, 2006, p.
The Hawaiian culture is known throughout the western world for their extravagant luaus, beautiful islands, and a language that comes nowhere near being pronounceable to anyone but a Hawaiian. Whenever someone wants to “get away” their first thought is to sit on the beach in Hawai’i with a Mai tai in their hand and watch the sun go down. Haunani-Kay Trask is a native Hawaiian educated on the mainland because it was believed to provide a better education. She questioned the stories of her heritage she heard as a child when she began learning of her ancestors in books at school. Confused by which story was correct, she returned to Hawai’i and discovered that the books of the mainland schools had been all wrong and her heritage was correctly told through the language and teachings of her own people. With her use of pathos and connotative language, Trask does a fine job of defending her argument that the western world destroyed her vibrant Hawaiian culture.
The referred population includes about 50 subgroups with reference to origins, diversity in culture, ethnicity, religious traditions, English proficiency, and geographical and immigration history
Reveley, J. (1999), From “Supplementary Seagulls” to “Cut Price Casuals”: Changing Patterns of Casual Employment on the New Zealand Waterfront 1951-1997, Labour and Industry, 10(1): 35-56.
Pobutsky PhD*, Ann M. Micronesian Migrants in Hawaii:Health Issues and Culturally Appropriate, Community-Based Solutions. Publication. 4th ed. Vol. 3. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 2005. Web. 18 May 2010. .
The Polynesian peoples have a lifestyle quite different than that of any other culture, as living on an island requires a level of flexible adaptability in order to cope with such a different, sometimes difficult environment. We see the way diverse cultures build their lives around their circumstances and how they respect them in their cultural myths and stories. The Polynesian legends emphasize the physical environment that they live in. They are quite different than any other region in the world, but the beauty and individuality of the Polynesian culture is prominent as seen in their mythology.
Australia is a multicultural country where immigrants from all over the world immigrate to Australia. This research is focused on Australian’s immigrants who play a big role in this society. Immigration carries significant factors that affect the process of adaptation on an immigrant. The significant factors discussed further on are social factors, economic factors and cultural factors. To understand immigration and immigrant it would be explained the meaning of it and the types of immigrants. Answering the Research question, it would also be explained what an immigrant aims to reach by explaining the factors that help to feel settled in a new country. As I’m an immigrant in Australia I personally know how factors affect directly the process of adaptation. During this research I aim to prove how these factors affect the process of adaption. It is intended to make useful recommendations to the host country and to the immigrants in order to adapt to a new country easily. It must be said that not everyone experience the same process of adaptation because everyone is exposed to different factors. Moreover, immigrants may experience more than one factor as one factor can lead to the development of other factor.
Teske, Raymond H.C., Jr., and Bardin H. Nelson. Acculturation and Assimilation: A Clarification 1.2 (1974): 351-67. Jstor.org. Jstor.org/journals, Feb. 2013. Web. 15 Nov. 2013.
"New Zealand Culture - Maori." New Zealand Travel and New Zealand Business. Tourism New Zealand, 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. .
Samoa is constituted of a group of islands located in the southern Pacific Ocean only a few miles away from the American island of Hawaii and New Zealand. In total, Samoa covers about 2,934 Square kilometres of land (Palenapa, 1993). The majority of Samoans live in these islands. Millions of others, however, live in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America among others. Although no culture can be said to be superior to the rest, the Samoan culture is one of the most prestigious ones in the world. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the Samoan culture. The analysis covers a wide array of cultural aspects, including foods, language, religion, social systems, etc. The primary aim of this
Cheyne, C., O’Brien, M., Belgrave, M. (2008). Social Policy: In Aotearoa New Zealand (4th ed). Australia and New Zealand: Oxford University Press
The first people to settle New Zealand came over from east Polynesia by canoe during the 10th century. These people were called the Maori. According to a Maori legend, a man may have arrived in New Zealand during about 950 ad, but this can not be proven. The Maori people lived on the Island on native fruits and vegetables and animals, and they also brought over plants and livestock from Polynesia. The Maori were usually peaceful, but sometimes had wars over the best land. They lived in earth-made structures similar to the adobes of Mexico.
...dge to those who do not know. This movement is not dissimilar to the flow of culture and customs from one generation to the next and has the potential to be replaced or lost. As Europeans enforced the propriety of Pākehā culture during colonial time, the loss of Māori culture occurred to a detrimental point, this mindset is still prevalent in present day society and New Zealand education. Our origins and the society that educational institutions serve has resulted in schools being inextricably and undeniably locked in the reproduction of Pākehā culture to the point in which the importance of Māori culture has been impaired. Steps are being taken to ensure that this is not a mentality that continues to frequent our state schools, with the long-term aspiration for a New Zealand education system that is not divided in its history, events and predominantly – its culture.
The Te Tiriti o Waitangi was a contract that Maori people believe to be an acknowledgement of their existence and their prior occupation to the land, give respect to their language, culture and belief and “it established the regime not for uni-culturalism, but for bi-culturalism” (Sorrenson, 2004 p. 162). This essay discusses the historical events, attitudes and beliefs regarding Te reo Maori, its relationship to the Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the significance of bicultural practice in early childhood education.