However, if we only see the world based on our own ideas how can there be any external or objective world. This begs questions similar to; can I really know an objective world exists? If there is no external world do any other minds –or ideas- other than my own exist? How can we ever test reality if it is our own mental construction? Locke concludes that we do have some knowing in relation to the subjective and objective reality that they do exist, but that we do not have a clear idea between one and of the other.
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Intuitions This paper examines two attempts to justify the way in which intuitions about specific cases are used as evidence for and against philosophical theories. According to the concept model, intuitions about cases are trustworthy applications of one’s typically tacit grasp of certain concepts. We argue that regardless of whether externalist or internalist accounts of conceptual content are correct, the concept model flounders. The second justification rests on the less familiar belief model, which has it that intuitions in philosophy derive from one’s (often tacit) beliefs. Although more promising than the concept model, the belief model fails to justify traditional philosophical use of intuitions because it is not clear a priori that the beliefs at issue are true.
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While, a posteriori is knowledge deriving from the senses to find the ultimate truth. Philosophers have different points to approach an empirical question to the understanding of the universe. Approaching epistemological questions through a priori to find certainty wins over using a posteriori. To argue for this, I will discuss Descartes's and Aristotle’s epistemological approaches to knowing God. Raising objections against Aristotle’s method in approaching how things exist.
By applying this theory to his ideas, Descartes provides himself a foundation to judge between true existence and existence that is merely perceived. In order to show that ideas are subject to the cause and effect theory, Descartes points out a difference between formal and objective reality. Objective reality is the reality presented in a picture or idea and formal reality exists in the object of the picture or the idea. There cannot be more objective reality than actual reality; otherwise the surplus reality must come from nothing, which is impossible. Once this is established, Descartes extends his theory of cause and effect to metaphysical ideas.
Metaphysics as Addressed by Kant and Hume In the Prolegomena, Kant states that reading David Hume, "awakened him from his dogmatic slumber." It was Hume's An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding that made Kant aware of issues and prejudices in his life that he had previously been unaware of. This further prompted Kant to respond to Hume with his own analysis on the theory of metaphysics. Kant did not feel that Hume dealt with these matters adequately and resolved to pick up where Hume had left off, specifically addressing the question of whether metaphysics as a science is possible. Hume basically asserted in his writings that metaphysics, as a science, is not possible.
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8 Dec. 2013. “J. Robert Oppenheimer.” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 7 Dec. 2013. Wikipedia. Web.