Music And Racial Identity

Chu Chen
Music and Racial identities

Race, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits (“Merriam-Webster” 2016). “The concept of race, as a construct distinguishing one group of humans from another on the basis of shared biological appearances, emerges from a legacy of human-different making that traces across humanity” (Radano and Bohlman 2000: 10). In my opinion, it is inevitable for musicians to subconsciously incorporate their ideas of racial differences in music making. With the influence of the mass media, racial differences are communicated through music, which then modifies the pre-existing perceptions of racial identities of the audiences. First, I will

“Together the matrices of race and music occupied similar position and shared the same spaces in the works of some of the most lasting texts of Enlightenment thought..., by the end of the eighteenth century, music could embody differences and exhibit race…. Just as nature gave birth and form to race, so music exhibited remarkable affinities to nature” (Radano and Bohlman 2000: 14). Radano and Bohlman pointed out that nature is a source of differences that give rise to the different racial identities. As music embodies the physical differences of human, racial differences are not only confined to the differences in physical appearances, but also the differences in many musical features, including language, tonality and vocal expression. Nonetheless, music is the common ground of different racial identities. “In the racial imagination, music also occupies a position that bridges or overlaps with racial differences. Music fills in the spaces between racial distinctiveness….” (Radano and Bohlman 2000:8) Even though music serves as a medium through which different racial identities are voiced and celebrated individually, it establishes the common ground and glues the differences

A document from the Ransom Center minstrel collection “The Programme” (Wood’s Minstrel Hall) features many short minstrel plays created for entertainment purposes, among which are “Happy Uncle Tom” and “Dixie’s Land”. It is not hard to see that both of these two plays contains symbols that are associated with African Americans by the whites. Evidently, the creators of these performances incorporated their ideas of racial identities into these shows, which then passed on the messages to the audiences. There are also many sheet music and scores in the Ransom Center minstrel collection, including “Git along home my yaler gall” by the Boston Minstrel. The composer wrote this piece in a light-mooded major key, with a faster 6/8 tempo, intending to portray the image of a happy African American. In the text portion of this piece, many words were intentionally misspelled to exaggerate the presumed accents and lack of education of African Americans. These are all evidence of how the white composers at the time tend to incorporate the common perceptions of the African American from the standpoint of a white person into their compositions. Music is essentially a representation of the