Michael Roberts's Military Revolution

Roberts
Michael Roberts introduced the concept of a military revolution. Roberts’ military revolution occurred between 1560-1660 and was the point he believed that separated medieval society from the modern world. Roberts attributes this “military revolution” to the advancement of tactical reforms, and their consequences.
One of these tactical reforms was the implementation of a new standard of training for soldiers. Roberts argues that unlike in the middle ages, new training represented a shift from medieval individualist warfare (characterized by weapons such as the lance) to non-individualist warfare (characterized by weapons such as the pike).
Another tactical reform highlighted by Roberts is the reformation of army recruitment. He explains

Roberts proposed that the increase in the scale of war led to an increase in the authority of the state. States made their military monopolies absolute. One symptom of this Roberts provides is that states began supervising the supply of materials necessary to war. Roberts provides the example of the Spanish Netherlands state monopoly on gunpowder. The introduction of standing armies further increased the authority of the state. Monarchs began to take over recruitment, paying and controlling the armies. Roberts sees this as a significant development because once armies were royal, the way was open for them to eventually become national.
Parker
Geoffery Parker wrote The “Military Revolution” 1560-1660- a Myth? to test Roberts’ military revolution theory against new evidence that had arose since it was written. Early in the paper Parker remarks that Roberts’ 1560 starting year for a military revolution was “unfortunate”.
Parker claims that developments described by Roberts in the 1560-1660 period were also present in warfare during the Italian renaissance. Some of these developments being professional standing armies, organization of smaller squad units, and the implementation of uniform