The Sun is the largest object in the solar system. It has more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System.some say that the Sun is an "ordinary" star,there are many others similar to it but there are many more smaller stars than larger ones.Jupiter is the fourth brightest object in the sky.
It has been known since for a very long time as a bright "wandering star". In Roman mythology Mercury is the god of commerce, travel and thievery. Mercury probably was given this name because it moves so fast across the sky.The Solar System was made about 4.6 billion years ago. The solar system was made by the collapse of a giant molecular cloud. The four smaller inner planets are mostly made of rock and metal. The four outer planets are bigger and
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Venus is the second planet away from the sun, about 30 million miles farther from the sun than Mercury. The belief is that being farther away it must be cooler. But these beliefs can be dangerous. Mercury has no atmosphere, no warming blanket to help it keep the sun’s heat. Venus is covered by a very thick atmosphere, almost 100 times thicker than it is on Earth. The carbon dioxide let's solar energy in, but is less clear to the longer radiation released by the heated surface. Temperature rises to a level above what would be expected, making it the hottest planet. the average temperature on Venus is about 875 degrees F, about enough to melt tin and lead. The hottest temperature on Mercury, the planet closer to the sun, is about 800 degrees F. Also, the little bit of atmosphere causes Mercury’s surface temperature to differs by hundreds of degrees, where the thick mantle of carbon dioxide keeps the …show more content…
Moons are said to orbit around planets. Far from the orbit of Neptune, it takes a long time to leave the Solar System. In 2012, about 35 years after leaving Earth on a ship to the outer solar Solar System, Voyager 1 passed through the area where the Sun’s magnetic and gas environment gives way of the stars. That was 11 billion miles away from Earth. Exoplanets are so far away, and so small in our telescopes, that it is hard to see the little details in their atmospheres. Exoplanets are planets that orbit a star other than the moon. The solar system formed around 4.6 billion years ago. There are eight planets in the solar system. The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars while the four outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The Solar System is made of all the planets that orbit the
The majority of people have a very basic understanding of Earth, the planet we reside in, let alone the seven other planets in our solar system. The eight planets surrounding our star, the Sun, are separated into two very simple categories: Jovian and Terrestrial Planets. Throughout this paper, I will be explaining the basic structure and properties of the eight planets in our solar system, along with a brief history on the discovery of our solar system and what’s to come in the future. I will also go in depth into the difference between the Jovian Planets and the Terrestrial Planets, from the basic differences to the different structures and properties.
Firstly, Venus’s atmosphere is heavily laden with carbon dioxide (CO2), which makes up 96 percent of its atmosphere, 3.5 percent is made of nitrogen, and the remaining 0.5 percent is a combination of water vapor, sulfuric acid (which produce Venus’s thick, stable clouds), hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluoric acid. Venus’s upper atmosphere is cool, which the lower atmosphere is extremely hot and causes the surface temperature to rise to 470C (880F). Venus’ present atmosphere is very dry, but shows signs that it may have once contained water. An abundance of deuterium—the heavy isotope of hydrogen—developed, but was broken down into hydrogen and oxygen atoms by ultraviolet radiation that could not be absorbed by Venus’s lack of an ozone layer (Seeds).
Jupiter has many moons, Sixty-seven actually. There are only four moons that scientists are very interested on. These four moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. The reasons scientists are so interested in these moons are since they might have found evidence of small life forms, such as bacteria and planets on these moons. The moon Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system. It would be interesting to find life on these planets.
Solar nebula is a rotating flattened disk of gas and dust in which the outer part of the disk became planets while the center bulge part became the sun. Its inner part is hot, which is heated by a young sun and due to the impact of the gas falling on the disk during its collapse. However, the outer part is cold and far below the freezing point of water. In the solar nebula, the process of condensation occurs after enough cooling of solar nebula and results in the formation into a disk. Condensation is a process of cooling the gas and its molecules stick together to form liquid or solid particles. Therefore, condensation is the change from gas to liquid. In this process, the gas must cool below a critical temperature. Accretion is the process in which the tiny condensed particles from the nebula begin to stick together to form bigger pieces. Solar nebular theory explains the formation of the solar system. In the solar nebula, tiny grains stuck together and created bigger grains that grew into clumps, possibly held together by electrical forces similar to those that make lint stick to your clothes. Subsequent collisions, if not too violent, allowed these smaller particles to grow into objects ranging in size from millimeters to kilometers. These larger objects are called planetesimals. As planetesimals moved within the disk and collide with one another, planets formed. Because astronomers have no direct way to observe how the Solar System formed, they rely heavily on computer simulations to study that remote time. Computer simulations try to solve Newton’s laws of motion for the complex mix of dust and gas that we believe made up the solar nebula. Merging of the planetesimals increased their mass and thus their gravitational attraction. That, in turn, helped them grow even more massive by drawing planetesimals into clumps or rings around the sun. The process of planets building undergoes consumption of most of the planetesimals. Some survived planetesimals form small moons, asteroids, and comets. The leftover Rocky planetesimals that remained between Jupiter and Mars were stirred by Jupiter’s gravitational force. Therefore, these Rocky planetesimals are unable to assemble into a planet. These planetesimals are known as asteroids. Formation of solar system is explained by solar nebular theory. A rotating flat disk with center bulge is the solar nebula. The outer part of the disk becomes planets and the center bulge becomes the sun.
Saturn is the 6th planet away from the sun and is the second largest planet in the solar system with a diameter of 119,871 km (74,500 miles). Saturn’s volume is 764 times bigger than of Earth’s (so 764 Earths can be fit inside Saturn). It originated from the Greek god Cronus which was adopted by the Romans and later changed to Saturn. The surface color is yellowish-brown and is the most distant planet that’s visible to the naked eye from earth. It is known as one of the two ‘gas giants’, as it is of composed 96% hydrogen (gas), 3% helium (gas), and 1% various trace elements such as methane, ammonia, ethane, and hydrogen deuteride. It takes almost 28.5 years to complete one orbit, though it rotates in just over 10.5 hours. The range of temperatures
Stars are luminous spheres that have been around longer than humans. In fact, it has been said that, “We are a way for the universe to know itself. Some part of our being knows this is where we came from. We long to return. And we can, because the cosmos is also within us. We're made of star stuff.” [1] Just like any other animate object, stars also go through a life cycle. They grow up, live their life, and slowly but surely die out. Stars can live for billions and even trillions of years. The life span of a star depends on how fast or how slow they use up and burn their nuclear fuel. The size of the star also determines the longevity.
Venus is the second planet from the sun and the sixth largest. Scientists sometimes refer to it as the morning or evening star. It has an extremely slow rotation which means that its year is actually shorter than its day; one day on Venus is about two hundred and forty three Earth days, while one year is two hundred and twenty five Earth days (Exploration). The distance from the sun is 67,232,400 miles (Distance), being that close to the sun, Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, the average temperature is 864 degrees Fahrenheit but it can get to over 900 degrees, which is hot enough to melt lead (Coffey). The size of Venus is very much like that of Earth, just a little bit smaller (Coffey…Size). The color of Venus is actually a bright white color, most of the yellowish orange pictures you see are false color images used to show the features of the surface (Cain).
The Sun is a huge, bright sphere that is mostly made up of gas that is about 5 billion years old. The Sun is the closest to the Earth, it is 145 million km distant (this distance is called an Astronomical Unit). The next closest star is 300,000 times further away. There are probably millions of similar stars in the Milky Way galaxy (and even more galaxies in the Universe), but the Sun is the most important to us because it supports life on Earth.
My group decided to leave out Pluto because right now it is considered a dwarf planet. Pluto, stars, and the asteroid belt were not necessary when we were creating the solar system because they would take the focus off of the eight key planets. We captured the most important aspects of the solar system and labeled each and every planet. The quantitative property of the solar system that my model shows is correctly scaled distances between planets. My group converted the astronomical units (AU) from the sun to each planet into centimeters (cm).
Known as “Earth’s twin”, Venus is very similar to Earth in composition, size, mass, and gravity. However, their temperatures are not so similar. The average temperature on Venus is a toasty 460 degrees Celsius (864 degrees Fahrenheit), as opposed to the cool 14 degrees Celsius (58.3 degrees Fahrenheit) Earth experiences. Needless to say, it would not be an ideal vacation spot. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, thanks to the runaway greenhouse effect. The atmosphere of Venus is also majorly different from Earth. It is composed of 97% carbon dioxide and 3% sulfuric acid, with an atmospheric pressure that is ninety-two times that of Earth. This pressure would be the same as being in the lowest depths of the ocean on Earth. However, like Earth, Venus is one of the four terrestrial planets, meaning it has a rocky surface, and a surface area of 177.7 million square miles. The gravity, which is 8.87 meters per second is very similar to Earth. Its mass is also very similar, 4.867E24 kilograms, and a density of 5.20 grams per centimeter.
Our solar system has eight planets, their moons and satellites, and they are all orbiting the Sun. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto used to be the ninth planet but IAU changed the definition of planet and Pluto did not meet the standards so it is now a Dwarf planet.
Ever since the beginning of time there have been stars. Not only stars in the sky, but moons, planets, and even galaxies! Astronomy is defined as the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. In other words it is the study of space, planets, and stars. Throughout the ages, many people have used astronomy to help them learn about the universe, our own planet, and even make predictions about life itself. Understanding astronomy means understanding where it originated, the different groups/cultures that used it, and modern purposes of the science of the stars.
The fourth planet from the sun is Mars. “Mars is named after a mythological figure-the Roman God of War. Due to Mars color it is also known as the red planet. Mercury is the tiniest planet then Mars. Scientist have found that mars has the largest mountain compared to the other planets. Furthermore, this mountain is named Olympus Mons, it is a shield volcano, it is 21 km high and 600 km in diameter. Scientist have discovered recent lava on the planet, therefore the volcano may still be active.
The idea behind the Solar Nebular Hypothesis is that the solar system was condensed from an enormous cloud of hydrogen, helium, and a few other elements and rocks. Around five billion years this cloud of materials began to spin and contract together into a disk shape under their own gravitational forces. The particles started combined together, protoplanets, to eventually form planets. A great mass of the material eventually began to form together, protosun, and make up the sun.