The Aspect of Sound in
Meet Me In St. Louis
In 1904 Eugene Lauste successfully recorded sound onto a piece of photographic film. This invention was known as a “Sound Grate” the results where still far to crude to be used to public display.
The cameras used to film “The Talkies” as they where known, had to be kept in enormous soundproof casing. This immediately hindered directors creativity and made movies such as Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) much more rigid. Because of the fascination with the lip-syncing that this new technology achieved less attention was played to other attributes that silent films used such as the comedic elements in Charlie Chaplin’s City Lights (1931.)
The invention of talking pictures also had severe repercussions on the censorship process. Initially the entire process was nearly impossible, as any cuts made would have an effect on the synchronisation of the sound and the film.
Minnelli’s 1944 musical Meet Me In St. Louis:
“Serves to implicate the contemporary 1944 audience” (Mundy, J 1999.)
This because in many ways the film aims to personify a period of loss and change as was the case in America during the Second World War period. This can be witnessed through Rose Smith’s (Lucille Bremer) loss of a possible fiancé in New York as well as the heartache the entire family feels of the possibility of moving away from St. Louis to New York.
John Mundy (1999) sums this up in the following quote:
“Like so many folk musicals, the film is suffused with a yearning nostalgia for a cultural past which is both desirable and as the text suggests attainable.”
This also reflects upon the 1944 audience whereby they will be “yearning” for a happier past when there is no war. The film uses the device of music to make it seem as if this is attainable for the audience.
Andre Bazin saw the movement of film as a total progression towards:
“A progressive movement toward an ultimate goal a total and complete representation of reality... the reconstruction of a perfect illusion of the outside world in sound, colour, and relief” (http://www.thestranger.com/2001-07-05/periphery.html)
Bazin called this the “Myth of Total Cinema.” He believed that a total representation of reality was an ideal. Musicals are popularly believed to be leading away from the ideal of total cinema. This is because they are filmed using non-diegetic sound. This is to say sound that originates from outside of the film.
An influential American printmaker and painter as she was known for impressionist style in the 1880s, which reflected her ideas of the modern women and created artwork that displayed the maternal embrace between women and children; Mary Cassatt was truly the renowned artist in the 19th century. Cassatt exhibited her work regularly in Pennsylvania where she was born and raised in 1844. However, she spent most of her life in France where she was discovered by her mentor Edgar Degas who was the very person that gave her the opportunity that soon made one of the only American female Impressionist in Paris. An exhibition of Japanese woodblock Cassatt attends in Paris inspired her as she took upon creating a piece called, “Maternal Caress” (1890-91), a print of mother captured in a tender moment where she caress her child in an experimental dry-point etching by the same artist who never bared a child her entire life. Cassatt began to specialize in the portrayal of children with mother and was considered to be one of the greatest interpreters in the late 1800s.
To fully understand the relationship between a filmmaker and a composer, it is helpful to take a closer look at the filmmaker’s position towards music in film in general; these can of course differ substantially from one director to another. It seems, one must think, that the complete narrative and emotive potential of film music is not yet fully recognized and appreciated in many film produc...
The silent era in film occurred between 1895 through 1929. It had a a major impact on film history, cinematically and musically. In silent films, the dialogue was seen through muted gestures, mime, and title cards from the beginning of the film to the end. The pioneers of the silent era were directors such as, D. W. Griffith, Robert Wiene and Edwin S. Porter. These groundbreaking directors brought films like first horror movie and the first action and western movie. Due to lack of color, the silent films were either black and white or dyed by various shades and hues to signal a mood or represent a time of day. Now, we begin to enter towards the sound era and opposed to the silent era, synchronized sounds were introduced to movies. The classic movie, The Jazz Singer, which was directed by Alan Crosland, was the first feature length film to have synchronized dialogue. This was not only another major impact in film history, but it also played a major part in film technology and where film is right now.
Mary Cassatt is one of the most famous female figures in the art world and aided in the popularization of Impressionism. Her work was simple yet impactful, and left its viewers wanting more. The main focus in most of her works was of mother and child or of women doing simple daily tasks. Her broken brush strokes and bright color palettes made her pieces pleasant and full of life. Though her work was not at first accepted, she kept painting and worked hard to make a name for herself and to change the art world into something more diverse and accepting.
The baby symbolizes revival and forgiveness. Adding on, the baby gave the parents a new
Congestive Heart Failure is when the heart's pumping power is weaker than normal. It does not mean the heart has stopped working. The blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. This means; the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming more stiff and thickened. This only keeps the blood moving for a short while. The heart muscle walls weaken and are unable to pump as strongly. This makes the kidneys respond by causing the body to retain fluid and sodium. When the body builds up with fluids, it becomes congested. Many conditions can cause heart failure, and they are Coronary artery disease, Heart attack, Cardiomyopathy, and conditions that overwork the heart.
Mary Cassatt was most widely known for her impressionist pieces that depicted mother (or nanny) and child. She was faced with many struggles throughout her life and received much criticism, even after her death in 1926. She found it difficult to receive appropriate recognition for her pieces during her early career. Many were unaccepted by the Salon. Cassatt lived for many years in France after her successful career, which ended abruptly when she went blind. Her talent placed her pieces in many famous museums throughout the world and landed her name among the famous artists of her time. As well as paving the way for powerful women, like herself. She lived during a time of suffragettes searching for equality.
First, is the inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output to support full functions; and second, is the recruitment of implements planned to maintain the cardiac reserve. Preload represents the stiffing that exists in the walls of the heart as an outcome of diastolic filling. Afterload represents the force to contract the heart, which must produce to eject blood from the filled atriums. Contractility is the ability of the contractile fundamentals of the heart muscle to interact and shorten against a load. Overall cardiac output is the amount of blood that the heart pumps each minute.
• Once more, the ordinary science’ proves itself as the master of classification, inventing and defining the various categories of Egoism. Per example, psychological egoism, which defines doctrine that an individual is always motivated by self-interest, then rational egoism which unquestionably advocates acting in self-interest. Ethical egoism as diametrically opposite of ethical altruism which obliges a moral agent to assist the other first, even if sacrifices own interest. Also, ethical egoism differs from both rational and psychological egoism in ‘defending’ doctrine which considers all actions with contributive beneficial effects for an acting individual
Ethical egoism is the normative view that each individual should seek out their own self-interest (Robbins). One ought to act and do what is in one’s own maximum interest, benefit, or advantage; and, the action must be moralistic for it to produce happiness. According to this theory morality is based on everyone promoting their self-interest or selfish motives. In the article “Ethical Egoism” by Jan Narveson. Narveson quotes Bishop Joseph Butler’s theory of rational behavior as “the rational agent acts so as to maximize the realization of one’s interest.” Meaning that one will only act if they are carrying out an action with the intention to achieve their interest to its full extent.
It’s established that ethical egoism is a selfish way to moral actions but it helps to avoid causing harms to others. Ethical Egoism does not state we should avoid helping others but rather only promote our own interest. If our interest co...
Taking a look at the history of virtual reality it actually began in the late 1950’s with the first supercomputers (Mitchell). The whole concept of virtual reality began with the realization that computer screen could be used instead of paper to view output (An explanation). At first, however, many people thought the computers as nothing more than adding machines. As virtual reality began to develop many individuals played a role in it. Three important men were Douglas Engelbart, Ivan Sutherland, and Myron Krueger. The contributions of these men were critical to the development of early virtual reality.
Virtual reality technologies build upon concepts that preceded the period that the idea was invented and formalized. We look at how technology has transformed and how main developers have paved the road for virtual reality in this general history of virtual reality.
The emerging technology that is Virtual reality is a great asset to society as a whole. It has come a long way since is beginning stages over 100 years ago; and it only continues to innovate the way with interact with technology as a whole. And now, with the advancements we have made with Virtual Reality, we can help more people than ever before.
You are 10,000 feet in the air, the skydiving instructor yells for you to jump, you push yourself into the open air, you freefall for 10 straight minutes as the air pushes against your face, as you land, you remove your virtual reality goggles and you are back in your cozy living room. Alright we may not be at this point yet, but this could be how we entertain and thrill ourselves in the near future; the full implementation of virtual reality into our daily lives. As soon as I found out about virtual reality, I was entirely intrigued. The idea that you could experience anything without having to leave your home enticed the adventurer in me. We will explore the history and progression of virtual reality and discuss the pros and cons of the emerging