Which aspects of the discussion in this section did you find most interesting? Please try to state why you found this to be the case.
I found the work of Augustus Pugin very interesting. Patterns are physical therapy to my mind. His work has many different objects to observe from the interior to the exterior. His work is all about the detail. Gothic style was the biggest influence on the 18th and 19th-century architecture and his work to me is sensational. Detail and texture Today we fly around the world to visit places so that we can appreciate true art.
What is your view on Mechanization and mass-production?
I believe that true art is a special skill, mechanization was able to produce templets in which mass production took
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Mass production was an opportunity to offer many more people work, which was fantastic to society and the economy. It made life easier, convenient and were more availability on products to choose from.
Is the process of producing “hand-crafted” products in any way superior to producing machine made items?
“Je ne sais quoi”!!!! , the elusive quality of a product that is hand-crafted, can be replaced by superior machine production. ( This is my opinion ) A hand-made product like a bag or shoe sounds good but words can sell a product even with a justification of a higher price tag. Machinery production is the future, it has made life convenient, more accessible, mass production is available and is done in a short period of time, which is great for our everyday lifestyle. Technology became the vehicle of progress to change this lead to more freedom.
Can the contrast between “hand-crafted products and machine made items be compared to the contrast between analogue and digital photography?
In principle “yes”, they can be compared as follow:-
1. Production relied on manual and physical inputs vs. fully digital processes and procures with very little physical
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The hand-crafted products are exposed to human errors where the machine made items deliver high-quality output at a very high production rate. 4. Hand-crafted products delivered low output levels because of the time it took for planning and design of each item vs. the ability to deliver higher output levels using a machine automated, highly reputable process. 5. The “hand-crafted” world required a significant amount of production planning where the machine made items (or digital world) allows for very little planning and gives the opportunity to get to the end result quicker and cheaper which allows the process to "fail quickly” and realign production settings for another “take”. Ability to learn from mistakes at a very low cost.
Are there similar aspects between the passage from hand-crafted product to machine made product and the passage from analogue media to digital media?
Essential lifestyles and changes happened from traditional hand-crafted products to machine made products
2. Fundamental changes in the production line
3. Fundamental changes in companies products and service offerings
4. Created new job and opportunities
5. Created more mechanized
6. Exploring new territories in your work
Benjamin, Walter, and J. A. Underwood. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. London: Penguin, 2008. Print.
...nufacture its products more quickly and with reduced labor costs while maintaining the desired quality standards.
At its beginnings, the internet crafted a new but familiar form of manufacturing: the mass production of digital texts. In fact, in 1440 Gutenberg first originated the idea of mass production of texts with his invention of the Printing Press. For the first time, an automated process was able to replicate script. This new technology was not without its shortcomings. First, the printing press used limited materials. Next, as Mumford notes, the advent of print led calligraphers and manuscript copyists out of work. Furthermore, as Graff finds, it created “typographical fixity”—material once printed cannot be changed. Finally, mass production was dependent and limited to large markets (Mumf...
Some of these inventions such as the refrigerated railroad cars and the cigarette-rolling machine, formed a basis for new industries and fortunes. As the country expanded and industrialized, increasing emphasis was placed upon mass production and mass distribution. By speeding up production and increased the output of goods, and an industry could lower costs and maximize profits. As a result of mass production, factory owners often found themselves able to produce more goods than the market would absorb, therefore they needed to increase consumer
of aesthetic towards life like other artwork does. It accomplished this by tearing the conventional
Basically, the focus of the recommendations is to reduce the disparities between the capacities of the processes involved. Ideally, their outputs must be equal if not, similar to the preceding and succeeding procedures in order to achieve an efficient manufacturing process.
easier and less expensive to produce, making homemade goods more and more obsolete. The domestic
The strengths of the book come from its’ accessibility. The book is easy to follow and provides readers with a great deal of information about the production of mass-manufactured clothing. As well as brings awareness to its’ many issues which we inadvertently take part in when we purchase such products. The book is well written and thoroughly researched but does have its’ share of weaknesses.
Many of our people in our society throughout the years, have been buying different types of products and commodities from craft workers that are very personally close with one another and also from smal...
According to the documentary series Craft in America (2009), “the American craft tradition didn’t just appear one day, fully-formed and mature.” Over hundreds of years of history, craft techniques and materials have emerged because of social, political, economic, and technological factors. Master craftspeople have educated apprentices for generations in skills that have been passed down through domestic associations on handicraft goods made in home-based industries. However, industrial globalization, urbanization, and immigration at the end of the nineteenth century brought uncertainty to many regions of the United States, causing many community members to look back to an imagined past. An invention of creative style and conventional comradeship (Anderson, 1983, 7), this “imagined past” was an idea of nostalgia playing a major role in the lives of arts and craftspeople after the Great Depression. In response to arts and craftspeople searching for a more predictable and normal lifestyle, they sought refuge in a lifestyle of familiarity, reaching back to a time when life held less economic and emotional turmoil.
The Industrial Revolution was finally becoming a success. Although the Industrial Revolution helped increase the economic productivity with new technology including the new textile machines, factories, more advanced transportation, and population growth, the living standards were very difficult. Many workers started to be replaced because the machines were more effective. This was the start of a new way of life.
and by the mid 1920s, one out of every two cars sold was a Model T.
The first and biggest positive impact on engineering has been the use of Computer Numerical Control machines (CNC); computers were first introduced to these controls in the early 1970’s. CNC machines typically replace or work in conjunction with some existing manufacturing process. For example before CNC machines a person using a drill press to machine holes would have to do a lot of work for themselves. They would have to place a drill in the drill chuck is secured in the spindle of the drill press. They can then select the desired speed for rotation, and activate the spindle. Then they manually pull on the quill lever to drive the drill into the work piece being machined. As you can see, there are a lot of manual steps required to use a drill press to drill holes. While this way may be acceptable for a small number of holes or parts. However, as quantities grow, so dose the likelihood for fatigue due to the tediousness of the operation. There are also more complicated machining operations that would require a much higher skill level of the person running the machining tool. The CNC machining center can be programmed to perform this operation in a much more automatic fashion. Everything that the drill press operator was doing manually will now be done by the CNC machine, including: placing the drill in the spindle, activating the spindle, positioning the work piece under the drill, machining the hole, and turning off the spindle. CNC works from a source code made on a computer that you just save as a file on your disk and insert it into the machine. The code can be made using two different ways, the first is just understanding the code, and by using the notepad program on you computer, you can just type it right out. This is the easiest way for very simple process, which doesn’t require much code.
The era lead to the transition from handmade goods and hand production to a more atomized way of producing stuff by the means of using improved raw materials and the help of machines devolved.
regarded by many as the core of any act of beauty and reason. Different types of art have provoked many in life to pursue their goals and