The Article is about the evolution of eccrine sweat glands in humans and other primates, with a focus on their use to regulate body temperature as well as when in evolution this developed. They received their information on the sweat glands of primates from other research papers that had done testing on sweat glands for different reasons. They took the information from those other papers and after compiling it together, ran it through a few statistics functions to average the data and make it more usable. The information in the data that they were looking at is the presence of increased capillarization, and glycogen content. These are key factors to sweating and the use of eccrine sweat glands. Increased capillarization allows for more …show more content…
This type of climate is where sweating is most effective. By looking at the phylogenies of the various primates they had data for, they were able to come to the conclusion that the evolution of human sweat glands that were used for body temperate regulation occurred during the time of Australopithecus. They determined that the pressures for the evolution of and then the retaining of eccrine sweat glands used for temperature regulation were the climate of the environment, which is what caused it. The trait was also beneficial to endurance running which is assisted by the upright posture which would have occurred at the same time. The continued use of endurance running as well as the development of large brains is why the trait was maintained. Larger brains produce more heat, and the increased ability to reduce internal heat allowed us to cool these larger brains. In their article they were very detailed about the process used, this with the data given leads me to believe that their findings are correct. They were specific about how the data was obtained both for them, and how the original research got this data. The descriptions of the processes used for sweating and how each part affects the process helps show the development of the glands use for temperature regulation as well. With the information provided it forms a cohesive picture of its development that supports their conclusions
Dr. Goodall is a well-known British primatologist who has discovered a substantial amount about primates in her many years of research. She has written numerous books, including one that we will be going into depth about called, “Through a Window.” Her book contains personal experiences, research findings, and even pictures to help the readers visualize her scientific breaking moments from her thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. She states that there is are minor differences, and several similarities between humans and the chimpanzees. We will discuss these differences and similarities through their social behavior, intellectual ability, and emotions. To conclude, examine Goodall’s research to adopt what her findings can tell us about our early ancestors, and whether or not her study coincided to the steps of scientific methodology.
In the following experiment, we will attempt to examine the relationship between metabolic rate and environmental temperature in both an ectoderm and an endotherm. I predict that for the ectotherm, the metabolic rate will increase as the outside environment temperature will increase. I also predict that the metabolic rate in the endotherm will remain relatively the same as the outside environment temperature changes. I also make the prediction that the ectotherm will have much lower metabolic rates than the endotherm.
When it comes to history of hyperhidrosis, it is very important to emphasize on the pattern of sweating (location, duration, frequency, volume, symmetry, specific triggers, and nocturnal sweating). These factors are all important. Besides, age of onset, impact on quality of life, family history and secondary etiology are also necessary. The proper diagnostic and treatment procedures of primary focal hyperhidrosis requires that the disorder should be diagnosed when
occurs so the heat deep in the muscles is conserved. Since the vessels are now
Silverthorn DU. (2010). Human physiology: an integrated approach. 5th ed. San Francisco, calif.; London: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. Pp 703-704.
The data showed more average decrease in the times in the females rather than the males. This could be a variety of things, but based on what was observed it is fairly reasonable to suspect those factors on stamina. There are athletic girls, but on average males seem to naturally have more endurance. SInce that is the case, they have an easier time with breath as they would not have to work quite as hard. As less oxygen is being brought to the muscles, more is being exhaled, so it would take more breath to release a decent amount of CO2 to change the color of the BTB.
High temperatures and low rainfall characterize much of Australia. It is hard to believe that animals can survive in arid conditions, much less prosper. Yet there is a whole range of mammals, among other life forms, that do. These animals survive because they have adaptations that allow them to live in the hot, dry conditions. The function of the adaptations is to balance thermoregulation with water gain and loss. For instance, many mammals that live in the desert obtain much or all of their water from the food they consume. The reduced water intake is partially balanced through concentrated urine and dry faeces. Evaporative cooling helps to regulate temperature. To limit the water lost through evaporative cooling, mammals are nocturnal, have light coloration and other body features to help dissipate heat, and use microenvironments to reduce heat gain. This is only a short list of the many amazing adaptations Australian mammals have to survive the harsh arid conditions; however, it serves to illustrate the balance between thermoregulation and water regulation.
Marieb, E.N., Hoehn, K. 2013. Human Anatomy and Physiology. 9th edition. Pearson Education Inc. ISPN-13: 978-0-321-74326-8.
Television has affected every aspect of life in society, radically changing the way individuals live and interact with the world. However, change is not always for the better, especially the influence of television on political campaigns towards presidency. Since the 1960s, presidential elections in the United States were greatly impacted by television, yet the impact has not been positive. Television allowed the public to have more access to information and gained reassurance to which candidate they chose to vote for. However, the media failed to recognize the importance of elections. Candidates became image based rather than issue based using a “celebrity system” to concern the public with subjects regarding debates (Hart and Trice). Due to “hyperfamiliarity” television turned numerous people away from being interested in debates between candidates (Hart and Trice). Although television had the ability to reach a greater number of people than it did before the Nixon/Kennedy debate, it shortened the attention span of the public, which made the overall process of elections unfair, due to the emphasis on image rather than issue.
Paleolithic age presents the era when key human adaptations evolved in response to a variety of environmental changes experienced at the time. This period of human evolution coincided with change within the surrounding of man. Such included cooling, drying and unpredictable climatic patterns over the time. This increased amount of variability in environmental conditions raised the level of uncertainty and instability in their respective terms of survival, necessitated the man to adopt new habits to increase adaptability to the new and changing surroundings. The evolved structures and behaviors led to specialization to enable coping with changing and unpredictable conditions.
...e. "A Hypothesis to Explain the Role of Meat-Eating in Human Evolution." Www.cnr.berkely.edu. 4 Feb. 2001. Web. .
They had similar features to today’s apes, such as a hairy body. The purpose of the vast amount of hair is to protect the body from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays and to prevent overheating, mainly by acting as a barrier for the skin underneath the hair (Jablonski, 598). Some parts of the body, such as palms, were not covered with hair, but with sweat glands. Sweat glands allowed the body to cool off via evaporation at the surface of the skin; sweat glands were more efficient at thermoregulation. Over time, early humans with a high amount of sweat glands were selected since they had the best method at the time to keep themselves cool in warm environments (Kirchweger).
At the hypothalamus’s signal, one of two types of sweat glands, the eccrine glands, get to work. These sweat glands produce odorless perspiration, a mixture of water, salt and small amounts of other electrolytes, directly onto the skin’s surface. This second type of sweat gland is found predominantly in hair-covered areas, like the scalp, armpits and groin. These
As everyone knows, the history of human evolution originated from more than five million years ago (Pickrell, 2006). Human is the most intellective living being on the Earth, even in the developed universe. With the development of human being, the beginning of human started to be discovered. This essay will focus on the evolution history of human being. It will explain three most significant time slices of human evolution.
Most of living things on earth have the ability to survive on climatic variation, thus possess a vital characteristic which can perform that capability. Unfortunately, some animal only can live in specific environments because lack of adaptation ability in their genes. A regular frog only can survive in humid ambience because of their moist skin. If the frog is placed on a dessert, the probability of survival of the frog is very low and might end up dead. These phenomena not actually because of the frog’s dried skin, but the internal body system of the frog cannot function well in a hot and dry atmosphere. According to Akin (2011), the important aspect for every species to survive in various categories of biomes and aquatic environment is the capability to modify to external environment change and control a consistent internal body system and regulation. Homeostasis is a regulation of internal body environment through a feedback mechanism consist of a specific organ structure of the nervous and endocrine system (Bailey, n.d.). Examples of homeostatic processes in the body consist of temperature regulation, pH maintenance, fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and respiration. In this essay, we only cover the regulation of temperature or thermoregulation on animals. There are 4 distinct types of thermoregulation which include poikilotherm, homoeotherm, ectotherm and endotherm. Thermoregulation actually is the most vital and distinguishable form of homeostasis. Each type of enzymes within cells required optimal temperature internally to remain functional (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008).