Management And Treatment Methods Of Solid Waste And Solid Waste Management

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Recommended: Advantages AND DISADVANTAGES of solid waste disposal

1 Solid waste & solid waste management:
Due to urbanization and population explosion solid wastes management is the serious issue worldwide. Each urban resident generates 0.35-1.0 kg everyday [Ramzan.et. al, 2010].At present, worldwide municipal solid waste generation is about two billion tons per year which is predicted to increase to 3 billion tons by 2025 [Shersingh et.al, 2014].There are several conventional treatment methods are available to treat the solid wastes, such as incineration, land filling, composting and gasification [Shersingh et.al, 2014, Geregor et.al, 2010].But these methods are associated with several problems such as air pollution ,water pollution and fresh water contamination because of lechate flow from dumped waste.
3.2 Anaerobic digestion:
Anaerobic digestion is the complex process in which organic compounds are mineralized to biogas .It consists four main stages known as hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis, which is processed with the help of different group of microorganism [Geregor et.al, 2010].Basically, anaerobic digestion degrades the organic material in the absences of oxygen with the presence of microorganism to form biogas [Shersingh et.al, 2014]. The microorganism are categorized in two community that is acidogenic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea [Jia line et.al, 2012].Acidogenic bacteria hydrolysis the lipids, protein and carbohydrates content which produces simple sugar, amino acids, fatty acids and water. Finally the Methanogenic bacteria will utilize the acetate, methanol, hydrogen and CO2 and produces methane [Geregor et.al, 2010]. Approximately 70 % of the total methane production is acquired from the conversion of acetic acid or by fermentation of alcohols, while 3...

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3.8 Hydraulic Retention Time [HRT]
HRT is the time spent by the input feed inside the digester before it comes out. The Hydraulic retention time is directly inversely proportional to the temperature i.e. when the temperature increases, HRT decreases and vice versa. Hence, as the shorter retention time faces the risk of washout of active bacterial population from the reactor while in case of longer retention time, it requires a large volume of the digester which makes more capital cost. Since, for solid wastes substrates there is a need to reduce the HRT for domestic plants. It is easy to carry out the methanogenic fermentation at low HRT at mesophilic and thermophillic temperature [Zennaki et al., 1996]. However, many researchers found that by treating the cattle dung can helps in the improvement in organic matter on increasing HRT [Sanchez et al., 1992].

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