MMPI-2, is a self-assessment measure of an individual’s mental state. The measure has numerous clinical scales evaluating psychological well-being concerns, such as sorrow, anxiety, and stress. “MMPI-2 is made up of 10 clinical scales, which are a result of answering certain questions on the test in a specific manner: (1) Hypochondriasis; all the items on this scale deal with somatic concerns or with general physical competence… is designed to assess a neurotic concern over bodily functioning…(2) Depression; the primary characteristics of symptomatic depression are poor morale, lack of hope in the future, and a general dissatisfaction with one’s own life situation…(3) Hysteria; identify patients who demonstrated hysterical reactions to stress
Since it was designed as a self-report tool that assesses a broad scope of clinical conditions, its reliability and validity can be considered as strong. In its 478 items, the MMPI-A covers the 10 original scales of MPPI, six validity scales, PSY-5 scales, and 15 content component scales. Then there are also three social introversion sub-scales, the 31 Harris Lingoes sub-scales and six supplementary scales. More importantly, studies of the MMPI-A have shown high test and retest consistency through which reliability and validity can be guaranteed (Gass & Odland, 2012). With the exception of the MF scale that is part of the four factor model, the remaining three which are General Maladjustment, Social Introversion and Over-Control, relevantly address the behavioral problems exhibited by Jane. Hence, it is imperative that the racial disparity of the MF scale be considered from a cultural perspective because studies have shown that there is a tendency of non-Whites scoring higher than other races (Gass & Odland, 2014). Ideally, the variations in cultural values must be considered when applying the test on Whites and non-Whites since the differences reflect socio-economic factors rather than racial
NAMI - The National Alliance on Mental Illness. (n.d.). NAMI. Retrieved February 24, 2014, from http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=by_illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=61191
The first part of the essay explained the pathophysiology of MI; importantly, the next part will investigate the psychological impact of MI and the psychosocial effects of CR. The link between post-MI patients and psychological changes, depression and anxiety for example, is now well established. Research has also found a positive relationship between depression and long-term prognosis post-MI. As a result, it is essential to determine the psychological status of the patient to decide an accurate prognosis. In Scotland, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is advocated to determine psychological status post-MI. The HADS comprises of 14 questions, 7 for depression and 7 for anxiety, and the patient answers 0 (strongly disagree) – 3 (strongly agree). Each selection is added up and a score for both depression and anxiety is noted. Both scores are compared against normative data and psychological status is calculated; finally, the psychological status of the patient is rated: normal, borderline abnormal and abnormal.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. Retrieved August 18, 2011from EBSCOhost.
The following study will be concerned with the assessment of depression. In particular we will examine the Montgomery and Asberg Depression rating scale (MADRS).
middle of paper ... ... Retrieved June 16, 2002, from http://nimh.nih.gov/publicat/numbers.cfm. National Mental Health Association. 2000 May 15.
"NAMI - The National Alliance on Mental Illness." NAMI. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2014.
Bech. "Fifty Years with the Hamilton Scales for Anxiety and Depression. A Tribute to Max Hamilton." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
The MACI consists of a 160-item inventory, provided in the English and Spanish language, with a combination of the 27 subscales. The intention of the inventory is to provide counselors and other healthcare or school professional with information to assist in diagnosis and treatment planning for personality disorders in adolescent (Millon & Davis, 1993). The inventory consists of true or false questions; given that this inventory is shorter compared to other personality assessment, it only takes about 20-30 minutes to complete. Millon’s MACI inventory provides convenient and cost-effective methods for scoring the inventory, which include Q-global web-based scoring, Q-Local software-based scoring, and mail-in scoring. Since the MACI is tailored toward adolescents ranging in ages from 13-19, participants must have a minimum of a sixth grade reading level in order to
McCann, J. T. (1991). Convergent and discriminant validity of the MCMI-II and MMPI personality disorder scales. Psychological Assessment: A Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 3(1), 9-18. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.3.1.9
The Beck Anxiety Inventory was designed by Aaron T. Beck and is self report scale that consists of 21 items. The items are short and straightforward, making it easy to read and comprehend. All items are related to anxiety and describe a symptom of anxiety that is rate on a four point likert scale according to severity. The answers range from 0-3 and the responses range from “not at all” to “severely; I could barely stand it” and all items are added for a total score. The instructions on the test ask for the respondent to “indicate how much you have been bothered by each symptom during the past week, including today, by placing an X in the corresponding space in the column next to each symptom” (Dowd, 2008). The assessment is intended for adolescents and adults and can be administered individually or in a group setting. An additional copy of the inventory test is also available in Spanish. It was originally created from a sample of 810 outpatients of that were predominately affected by mood and anxiety disorders and research on the original development is described as informative and thorough.
This self-assessment test determines how stressed someone is according to questions on certain situations in one’s life. According to this test, any score higher than 300 is considered severe stress. This score does not surprise me because I have anxiety, depression, hypoglycemia, and scoliosis. The pain from my scoliosis and the strict monitoring of my diet from my hypoglycemia frequently causes my stress levels to be high. I am also going through several changes such as the harder course work of my second term of college, and the increased tantrums of my toddler. Although my score was higher than I expected, I do not consider myself to be under severe stress. My stress levels are usually high. However, I have not had any anxiety attacks in the last six months, so I do not consider my stress levels to be that severe. My three goals are to become a clinical psychologist, buy a house, and to improve my physical health; I will change my goals and lifestyle if I am struggling with any of it so that I will complete a new
I like you emphasized that the Mental Status Examination (MSE) is a tool to be used as a guide. I agree with your statement that in the end it is all about the counselor and how they weigh all the data by using their instinct, experience, and intuition. The final process in determining a diagnosis is difficult to filter our biases from impacting how we weigh the data.
Mental illness is the condition that significantly impede with an individual’s emotional, cognitive or social abilities (Savy and Sawyer, 2009). According to (Savy and Sawyer, 2009) neurological, metabolic, genetic and psychological causes are contributing factors for various types of mental illness like depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse and progression of condition. An elaborate system known as DSM-IV-TR gives a classification system that acts to separate mental illness into diagnostic categories based on the description of symptoms of illness (Savy and Sawyer, 2009). The exact primarily causes of mental illness are complicated, however, it seems to occur in a psychologically and biologically prone individual, in the trigger of environmental and social stress (Elder, Evans and Nizette, 2007).
Self assessment is a process in which you examine yourself in attempt to discover and learn more about yourself. Your likes, dislikes, behaviors, attitudes and habits can be found during this process. You can use the discoveries to your advantage by accepting or changing strengths and weaknesses. I plan on using this course to enhance my personal skills to become a better student and find success in earning my Bachelor of Arts degree at Ashford University in Social Science. Self Assessment is the first step in my successful future.