MD5 Checksum Utility
The goal of this paper is to define and explore the MD5 checksum utility. It is also my goal to discuss how to use MD5 checksums to support Incident Response.
First off, I will start with talking a little about MD5 and where it stems from. In relation to cryptography, MD5 stands for Message Digest Algorithm 5. It is also known as RFC 1321. Cryptography is the basis for secure communications .It is by definition, a science of writing or reading coded message. MD5 falls under the category of Hash Functions. A hash function takes a message of arbitrary length and spits out a fixed length code. The output is called the message digest or hash. One way hash functions are used to provide a "fingerprint" of a message or file. The hash fingerprint is supposed to be unique and because of this can prove the authenticity of the message.
MD5 was developed by a professor named Ronald Rivest of the prestigious MIT. He created the algorithm to replace an earlier hash function which was MD4. The main job of this digest is to provide some sort of assurance that a transferred file has indeed arrived intact. MD5 along with another hash function called SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm), are the most widely used in current product implementations.
The main MD5 message digest is represented as 16-byte (128-bits) Hexadecimal number ( written as 32 characters using the digits 0-9 and A-F or a-f ). This value can be found all over the internet. The checksum is a type of redundancy check that will verify the data in a number of ways. MD5 allows a string of unique letters and numbers to stand for data. MD5 can be used across all platforms making it universal. You can use it with windows, or any other operating system that you wish. I myself used it on Windows XP and it worked flawlessly.
While MD5 checksums are used mostly for data verification and for passwords, it is important to note that applications that decompile MD5 sums are widely available on the internet among other places. One should use caution when storing a password with it.
1. Hashing Hashing makes a one of a kind, settled length signature for a message or informational index. Each "hash" is exceptional to a particular message, so minor changes to that message would be anything but difficult to track. When information is scrambled utilizing hashing, it can't be turned around or deciphered. Hashing, then, however not in fact an encryption technique all things considered, is still helpful for demonstrating information
MP3 stands for MPEG 1 Layer 3 Audio, which is a digital audio compression format developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group. It takes a CD audio file and gets rid of all the frequencies on the song that can’t be heard by the human ear, thus ridding the data file of much wasted space. With compression, the files turn out to be around four times smaller than the original with the same, near CD quality audio. While “MP3“ may technically be the name of the compression format, it has become synonymous with the music files themselves.
For an in-depth defence approach, case study provides a series of things that describe about what is working nowadays for a secure data.
Data encryption refers to the process of transforming electronic information into a scrambled form that can only be read by someone who knows how to translate the code. In nowadays business world, it’s the easiest and most practical way to secure the information that we stored and processed, and it’s significant for our sensitive information. For example, as electronic commerce is popular now, the vendors and retailers must protect the customers’ personal information from hackers or competitors. They also have many business files or contracts that need to be strictly protected. Without data encryption, these important information may fall into wrong hands and be misused by others. Besides, data encryption may be used to secure sensitive information that exists on company networks, or create digital signatures, and help to authorize in business. No one should underestimate the importance of encryption. A little mistake in encryption may make sensitive information revealing, or even result in illegal and criminal accuse.
Use the hashing options MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512, with logging and the option of specifying the number of bytes to hash, such as specific blocks or sectors.
we are using the AES also known as the (Advanced Encryption Standard) it is used by
Computer science is a vast field that includes nearly everything relating to computers. Everyday there is information transmitted all over the Internet. Pictures are uploaded, transactions are made on thousands of online retail websites, and banking transactions take place everyday on the Internet. All of these transactions have created a need for secure communications. People wish to keep things like banking, medical, and political information from the eyes of unwelcome parties. This has created a need for cryptography. Cryptography is the science or study of the techniques of secret writing, especially code and cipher systems, and is used by everyone from the average citizen to the government and military.
Encryption converts a message in such as way that its contents are hidden from unauthorized readers. It is intended to keep messages and information as a secret. Plaintext, also known as clear text, is the plain or original message, which is has not yet been encrypted. Once the message is encrypted it is then called a cipher text. This process is obviously referred as encryption. The exact opposite process is called decryption. Encryption is the most successful way to attain data security. To read an encrypted file, you must have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it. Data encryption is a means of scrambling the data so that is can only be read by the person holding the key, a password of some sort. Without the key, the cipher cannot be broken and the data remains secure. Using the key, the cipher is decrypted and the data is returned to its original value or state. Each time one desires to encrypt data, a key from the 72,000,000,000,000,000 possible key variations, is randomly produced, and used to encrypt the data. The same key must be made known to the receiver if they ar...
Cryptography is the study or science of techniques of secret writing and message hiding. Cryptography constitutes any method in which someone attempts to hide a message, or the meaning in some medium. One specific element of cryptography is encryption, which hides the data or information by transforming it into an undecipherable code. Encryption uses a specified key to perform the data transformation. The length of the key for the encryption
Cryptography the method of applying protocols to information to make it seem like nonsense to hurt those who do not know the protocols. Cryptology is used to encrypt messages and create secure codes; the earliest known use of Cryptographs was in Egyptian times but over time several different types of cryptographs were made today we use it to keep information secure and to create registration numbers.
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; In the old age people use to send encoded message which can be understand by the receiver only who know the symbolic and relative meaning of that encoded message .The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. After writing was invented cryptography appeared spontaneously with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In telecommunications and data cryptography is necessary when communicating in any untrusted medium, which includes any network, particularly the Internet [1].Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some security requirements, including:
As one of the feature of biometric, signature verification is used to find the authenticity of a person to give the access the most valued and important documents and shelf. Firstly the signature of a person are taken as a reference in database. To generate the database, number of attempts from the same person has been taken, as it would permit minute deviations in signatures that generates due to environmental conditions. Once it is done, then the signatures at other times are every time then verified with the existing database. Because of confidentially of the file/document/transaction giving access is the crucial process that should be monitored with perfection. The same happens with offline signature verification. Computerized process and verification algorithm (thus software) takes fully care of signature under test, generate results that are 100% authentic, and advocates credibility of the concerned person .However, there might raise issue of authenticity even if the same person performs the signature. Or, at times a forge person may duplicate the exact signature. Many research have been done to find the accuracy of result so as to prevent from forgery. Forgery is also divided into different categories depending upon their severity as
Hash functions are mostly used in hash tables, to quickly locate a data record (for example, a dictionary definition) given its search key (the headword). Specifically, the hash function is used to map the search key to the index of a slot in the table where the corresponding record is supposedly stored.
The Fibonacci Series was discovered around 1200 A.D. Leonardo Fibonacci discovered the unusual properties of the numeric series, that’s how it was named. It is not proven that Fibonacci even noticed the connection between the Golden Ratio meaning and Phi.
5. Calculate SHA-1(m) and on the other hand return this bit string to an integer e.