5 Applications of MBR
After discussing the optimum operating conditions, configurations and types of MBR, it is important to know how the MBR is employed to real life and where it can be used this is illustrated below.
5.1 Industrial WWT
Generally, industries produce different products with small amount of undesired products compared to the main product. These undesired products can be discharged to environment and specially water bodies and cause severe problems. Consequently, MBR is used commonly to treat various types of WW and different studies approved that. Hosseinzadeh et al. reported that MBR approached a high removal efficiency of COD, TSS and total nitrogen TN to be 75%, 98% and 74% respectively [--]. Another study done by Cheng
…show more content…
Cosmetic materials consist of high COD values, fats, oils, and cleaners and of course different colors. Discharging these wastes to water bodies can cause harmful effects to environment and human health, though several treatment processes have been employed to treat this type of WW such as chemical processes like flocculation coagulation, biological processes like CAS, and biological –filtration processes like MBR (Bautista et al., 2010). During the years, the MBR process is the representative method of advancement over the CAS process. The combination of biological degradation and membrane filtration allows the process to be more flexible as it has been known about the MBR (Hai and Yamamoto, 2011). In addition to that, the MBR fouling is the only problem that may affect the performance because of oily and colored wastes (Johir et al., 2012). Friha and Fatma reported the result of treating a sample of cosmetic WW and it was found that the removed surfactants reaches 98% and COD approaches 84%. The effect of higher load of organic matter was studied as well and how it affects the performance of MBR [Friha Inès, Fatma
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) has impacted the world nationally and internationally for their involvement and work with cancer, science, research, and medicine. A goal of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) is through extensive research and training explore new ways to treat, cure, and control cancer on a national and worldwide level. Scientist and Researchers affiliated with MSKCC take their knowledge, investigation, and research to create clinical trials, studies and new treatments for cancer nationally and worldwide which create various economic opportunities throughout the nation and world.
The Mabo case was a legal case held in 1992. It was named after an Aboriginal man called Eddie Mabo, who challenged Australian legal system. He fought for claiming the legal rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait inhabitants. From Mabo’s perspective, Aboriginal people are the traditional owners of their land as they occupied and lived in Australia for thousands of years, much longer and earlier than British people’s arrival in 1788. However, after British people took charge of this continent, Aboriginal people’s life went from bad to worse. They had no legal rights and were treated like animals. Their lives were severely threatened. Moreover, they lost their homes although they were the original owner of the land. After ten years
The term ‘Mabo’’, as described in media reports refers to all the issues concerning the Australian High Court Judgment in the Mabo against Queensland Case. The Mabo decision was named after Eddie Mabo, a Torres Strait islander who regarded the Australian Law on land ownership wrong and challenged the Australian legal system. Eddie Mabo was born on the 29th of June 1936 on Murray Island. Murray Island is between mainland Australia and Papua New Guinea. In his early days of childhood, at the age of 16, Mabo was banished from Murray Island for breaking a customary law and moved to Queensland, where he worked various jobs such as a deck hand and cane cutter. At the age of 23 he married Bonita Nehow and settled in Townsville and had ten children. In Townsville he was a spokesperson for the Torres Strait Islander community and was involved in the Torres Strait islander advancement league. While working as a groundskeeper on James Cook University in 1974, he discovered that his people’s traditional land was actually owned by the government.
Waste management is an especially challenging issue of today’s society especially considering the heavy metals and biomedical waste produced within the profession (Muhameddagic, Muhamedagic and Masic, 2009). Dental practices also create large quantities of waste cotton, latex, plastic, glass as well as various other materials which all have the potential to be contaminated with body fluids (Sudhakar & Chandrashekar,
Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health because of their potential to cause cancer and reproductive/developmental effects. Most developed nations have regulated concentration of DBPs so as to minimize exposure to potentially harmful DBPs while maintaining adequate disinfection and control of targeted
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
CBRE South Asia Pvt. Ltd. , India(CBRE India), Through its Project Management Department constantly endeavours to become the best quality service provider in the field of Project Management Consultancy within the Framework of the Business policies , the Occupational Health Safety and Environment (OHSE) Policy and – its RISE values, By Providing Consultancy and Support to Clients in managing their Project from concept to Commissioning and closure of the project, along with the agreed Quality , Cost and
Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
Roberts, H.J. and Barrar, P.R.N. (1992), ¡°MRPII implementation: key factors for success¡±, Computer IntegratedManufacturing Systems, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 31-8.
The principle behind Management by Objectives (MBO) is to make sure that everybody within the organization has a clear understanding of the aims, or objectives, of that organization, as well as awareness of their own roles and responsibilities in achieving those aims. The complete MBO system is to get managers and empowered employees acting to implement and achieve their plans, which automatically achieve those of the organization.
There are several types of treatment methods present but biological treatment methods have gained much traction in the recent years due to their low operation costs, comparatively benign effects on the environment and their ease of handling and maintenance. Biological wastewater treatment methods can be subcategorized into dispersed growth systems and attached growth systems. Biofilms fall under the latter category (Sehar & Naz, 2016)
1999, 71, 181-215. Minear, R., Amy, G.. Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter: History and Overview. ACS Symposium Series -. 1996, 649, 1-9. Richardson, S. Water Analysis: Emerging Containments and Current Issues. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003, 75, 2831-2857.
...process adds from 10 to 15 percent to the price of the fabric, industries still save money because more products can be made in less time. Therefore increasing profits, as well as, reflecting the savings onto the consumers. Other advantages of ‘biostoning’ include, enzymes can be recycled, reduced strain on the industrial washing machines, shorter treatment times, and imperfections are significantly reduced, hence increasing productivity and efficiency. Consequently, this saves the environment by reducing water consumption and waste pollution. The elimination of pumice powder and dust creates a less intensive and safer working condition. However, one problem with biostoning was "back staining" this occurs when loosened dye particles redeposit onto the surface of the fabric, causing discoloration. Such setback can be immensely reduced by optimizing running conditions.
Pharmaceutical waste seems to be one of the dominant elements that are prevalent in our waters, and other aspects of the environment. These aforementioned elements are largely becoming a concern in today’s society because its effects have proven to be harmful towards our environment, and all of its existing forms of life. Through various ways, whether controllable or uncontrollable, pharmaceutical waste slowly and increasingly multiplies its presence within the environment. Additionally, it eventually trickles down into our waterways and causes a large array of damages. Some of the most common ways that this waste gets into the water includes: disposal through the drainage systems, farming fertilization methods and the maintenance of treatment plants. These methods are self-explanatory through their brief discussions, but it helps decipher whether the disposal of these dangerous wastes are intentional or not.
Improvement and upgrading of wastewater treatment processes and also the need to reduce the environmental factors make the use of tertiary wastewater treatment important.