Chemistry fascinates a vast majority of people, explosions, fun mixtures, dangerous chemicals, and one of the best, the ability to glow in the dark. Luminol is a common, widely used, chemiluminescent compound. It can glow in the dark with a bright blue light. Its ability to glow is activated with an oxidizing agent. Luminol was first discovered in the early twentieth century, but it was finally named in the 1930s. It contains three nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. Luminol has over 100 other chemical names such as: 3-Aminophthalhydrazide and 3-Aminophthalic acid hydrazide. However, it is chemically known as as 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Luminol starts out as a white or sometimes slightly yellow crystallized and will only begin …show more content…
It is the emitting of a light that is a result from a chemical reaction, this chemical reaction does not involve the production of heat or a live flame. While this reaction is happening, the reactants, (luminol and hydrogen peroxide), react with the iron in blood. The iron is a sort of catalyst, it helps to speed up the reaction between the luminol and hydrogen peroxide. Luminol becomes oxidized when the hydrogen peroxide and luminol react together, they create a high energy state. The iron in the blood allows the fluorescence to be bright enough to be seen in the dark and able to be photographed by investigators. The blue glow that it emits does not always mean blood though. There are many other substances that can be catalysts for the oxidation of luminol. The chemicals in bleach, for example sodium chlorate, or even low levels of blood in urine can cause a reaction. Enzymes are also capable of setting off chemiluminescence. Some of the enzymes found in faeces, peroxidase, can set it off and so can the peroxidase in horseradish. Both of these can give off false …show more content…
These two reactions are luminol oxidation, this will lead to volcanic luminescence, and hydrogen peroxide, H202, decomposition which is affected by copper sulfate, CuSO4. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is much more effective near pieces of copper sulfate that have slightly dissolved into water. Oxygen, being one of the main components of air, is able to be obtained. Bubbles of gas are being collected around the pieces of copper sulfate, which is where the reaction is pretty intense, leading to bubbles jump out of the solution. Since this is going on at the same time as the luminol oxidation, we will be able to observe the blue
Fluorescence measurement provides very important information about the photochemistry of a particular molecule. The first part of this experiment was dealing with the fluorescence behavior of a Leucophor PAF. Information from both spectrophotometry and fluorimetry was used to measure the quantum yield as well as to explain why Leucophor PAF was use as commercial optical brightener. The second part of this experiment dealing with fluorescence quenching of quinine bisulphate solution (QBS) is the presence of sodium chloride.
Glow sticks get their “glow” when two chemicals are mixed together because of a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction is called Chemiluminescence. A Typical glow stick has a plastic tube with a smaller inner tube inside. There are three components, two chemicals and a fluorescent dye which accepts the energy and helps covert to light. There is more than one way to make a glow stick, but the most common uses a solution of hydrogen peroxide and phenyl oxalate ester along with the fluorescent dye. The hydrogen peroxide is in its own compartment away from the other two components until ready to use. The fluorescent dye is what determines the subsequent color of the glow stick when the chemical solutions are combined.
Light sticks work in a similar way. When you “snap” a light stick, the chemical in the glass capsule mixes with a chemical in the plastic tube and creates light energy. Instead of the chemicals used by a firefly, other chemicals are used to create a glow. The light stick that you can buy at a store usually contains hydrogen peroxide, phenyl oxalate ester, and fluorescent dye (New York Times Company, 1 of 3). The light stick will glow the same color as the fluorescent dye placed in it. In luminescence, the chemical reaction “kicks an electron of an atom out of its ‘ground’ (lowest-energy) state into an ‘excited’ (higher-energy) state, then the electron give back the energy in the form of light so it can fall back to it’s ‘ground’ state (Fluorescent Mineral Society, 1 of 2).
In this lab we had to figure out what our mystery compound was by performing two tests. One of the tests was called the Flame Test, which we use to find out the metal element in the compound. It is used to find the metal because each metal gives off its own unique flame color. The other test is called the Precipitate Test, which we use to find out the non-metal element in our compound by adding silver nitrate to it. It’s used to find the non-metal because each non-metal has its own unique reaction to silver nitrate.
The only reason this is true is since every chemical has a diverse atomic structure and has a unique amount of photons in each one. The photons are what cause the neon lights to emit particular colors, since the amount of energy they carry and emit, based on our lab, there is probably another chemical mixed with neon to create various colors in a neon sign.
This Experiment is a way of successfully viewing the emission spectra for metal carbonates. By heating the carbonates electrons go from there normal state called ground state to a higher energy state called excited state and the difference in electron energy gap of each metal carbonate makes up the difference of colours. This excited state is not a stable state but while in this state the atom gains additional energy but the variation of energy emitted is a characteristic of that in particular element. In this state the electrons emit photons which is the energy that corresponds to light wavelengths and therefore produces the different light emissions.
In the demo experiment, we placed 10 grams of Ammonium dichromate in the form of a solid before starting the experiment. When the experiment begins the Ammonium dichromate is burned up and then produces Chromium (III) oxide as a solid, Nitrogen gas and water in form of a gas. In the experiment, we combined Zinc Chloride and Sodium Sulfide in which both chemicals are aqueous. The result of the combination was Zinc Sulfide a solid and Sodium Chloride an aqueous solution. In the alternate experiment, we combined Lead (II) Nitrate and Potassium Iodide in which both chemicals are aqueous. The result of the combination was Lead (II) Iodide and Potassium Nitrate.
Bone marrow is usually red or yellow, however at birth all bone marrow begins red and throughout time half of it becomes yellow. The yellow coloring in the bone marrow is caused by the numerous amounts of fat cells; those cells are then used by the body during starvation for energy. The red marrow, usually found in flat bones, signals its importance to blood cell reproduction.
It is particularly significant with kids, in addition to with costumes which entitle for blood close to the mouth, for example vampires. In order to formulate artificial blood, combine three portion of corn syrup along with one part of water, and then put in red food color gradually awaiting when you get the shade you wish for. But if you would like a dim, tanned shade to the blood, put in approximately few drops of chocolate syrup. On the way to solidify it, gradually combine in corn starch when it get to the preferred texture. The combination is going to be so gluey at start, however if the superiority assist it in stay then put it on throughout application.
This branch of biomedical science has a significant effect on the society of the modern world. The science of haematology significantly influences the understanding of several diseases due to the nature of the blood. This is clearly visible during identification of diseases such as leukaemia, anaemia and abnormalities of blood coagulation that are completed through haematological tests. Some of the haematological tests done in biomedical science industry include of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH), Karyotype Test and Serum Ferritin.
This experiment synthesized luminol (5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione) and used the product to observe how chemiluminescence would work. The starting material was 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, which was, after addition of reaction agents, refluxed and vacuum filtered to retrieve luminol. Using two stock solutions, we missed our precipitated luminol with sodium hydroxide, potassium ferricyanide, and hydrogen peroxide, in their respective solutions, in a dark room, to observe the blue light
Fireflies produce what is called a “cold light” with no ultraviolet frequencies. They produce a light that comes from their lower abdomen that can range in colors such as yellow, green or a pale red. The fireflies take in oxygen and combine it calcium, adenosine triphosphate and luciferin to produce light that contains almost no heat. There are several uses for this light but in most cases it is used for the purpose of finding and catching a mate. Male will flash for every five seconds and the female will flash every two second. There are some fireflies that do not produce light those species are day-fliers such as the Ellychnia, which uses pheromones to signal their mates.
Blood stains are one type of evidence that can be found at a crime scene. Blood that is still in the liquid form should be picked up on a gauze pad. Once the blood is dried thoroughly it should be refrigerated and sent to the Laboratory (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 1). If the blood stain is found dried on clothing, the officer should wrap the piece of clothing in clean paper and place it in a sealed and labeled container. An object with dried blood stains needs to be sent to the Laboratory if it is small enough. If the object is too large to send, then using a clean knife the stain needs to be scraped onto a clean piece of paper, which then can be folded and placed in an envelope (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 2). When collecting autopsy blood samples, the officer should request that the pathologist obtain the sample directly from the heart and place it in a yellow or purple stoppered vacutainer. If the victim is still alive but in serious need of a blood transfusion, then the pre-transfusion blood sample needs to be obtained promptly before the hospital discards it (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 4). It is important for the Laboratory to receive all blood samples within 48 ho...
The ingredients that will be included are: dish soap, 30% hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodide, and corn starch. Adding the cornstarch to the mixture has a chemical reaction to the hydrogen peroxide. It will have light and dark patches due to the uneven placement of the cornstarch; it will have an uneven reaction. Which will then make it appear “glowing”. The fourth experiment is very similar when it comes to the ingredients the only thing that changes is that we are no longer using potassium iodide but we are using yeast instead. Also, since yeast is being used, we are adding in fluorescent dye to it so we can shine a UV (ultraviolet) light on it to see the reaction occurring. Using the dye under a light helps us observe the reaction between the dye and cornstarch. I had to replace the potassium iodide with yeast for a slow reaction and also so it is possible to use the dye. In both of these experiments the reaction is a massive production of foam. The hydrogen peroxide will be decomposed into water and by the oxygen by the iodide and/or the yeast. A substance called catalyst speeds up the
The sulfate aerosols cause chemical reactions in addition to chlorine and bromine reactions on stratospheric clouds that destroy the ozone.8 Some ozone depletion is due to volcanic eruptions. Analysis of the El Chichon volcanic eruption in 1983 found ozone destruction in areas of higher aerosol concentration (Hofmann and Solomon, "Ozone Destruction through Heterogeneous Chemistry Following the Eruption of El Chichon"). They deduced that the "aerosol particles act as a base for multiphase reactions leading