Designing America: Creating Urban Identity. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994. Groth, Paul. “Vernacular Parks.” Wrede and Adams 135-137. Jackson, John B.
Among the changes that occurred with the return of World War II veterans were the rise of suburbia, a more educated population, and the advent of the Civil Rights Movement. The Rise of Suburbia When the soldiers returned home from World War II, they returned to a housing shortage. Many generations of families lived together in the same home, thus making for very cramped quarters. The newly married soldiers were quick to start families (the Baby Boom), causing even more of a need for housing. An enterprising businessman, William J. Levitt, addressed the housing shortage with the creation of Levittown in Long Island, New York in 1949.
The government’s response to this need for millions of homes was first to fund a massive construction program. Next the government started approving mortgage insurance for the Federal Housing Administration. There was also a mortgage program for Veterans under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. All of this triggered a building boom of Single-family housing that began at 114,000 housing starts in 1944 and increased to 1,692,000 in 1950. Among the many homebuilders that were involved the most successful was the Levitt family.
The Second World War concluded and the United States became the single most powerful nation in the western world. American history explains the participation of America in the international arena effectively, but when it comes to the domestic arena much is excluded. History has deprived new generations from being able to acknowledge the essential changes that took place within the United States during the Post-war era. The most common struggle during this time period was the return of American veterans to home ground. Millions of men returned to their hometowns and newly developed cities to settle down and create a family.
Columbia University, New York. 19 Nov. 2002. Phillips, E. Barbara. City Lights: Urban-Suburban Life in the Global Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
King (1990, page x) argues that the dissolution of empire has been critical to the growth of world cities. How far does this apply to London? Modern patterns of development and growth have been shaped and influenced by the historical context of colonialism. Within this context relationships between capitalist and pre-capitalist states or colonies helped forge a world economy, which would later lead to processes of globalisation and the current economic world order. Expansion in the world economy has been exacerbated by the freer flow of labour, goods, services and capital, which are features of the post-war, post-colonial world.
As a result of displacement and previous Supreme Court decisions blockbusters would move African Americans into previous white neighborhoods which caused the movement of segregated districts within the cities to change. Spirits in the United States were high after World War II. The triumph over Germany brought with it a sense of accomplishment which made the country feel as if it had the ability to achieve anything and could overcome all odds. Unfortunately for soldiers coming home high spirits did not guard them from the shortage of affordable housing. In 1946, the head of the Office of Price Administration estimated that over 1.4 million houses were needed to house returning veterans and home front workers.
The answer is that taxpayers are picking up a huge amount of the cost to build a new stadium. Before the Depression stadiums were built by using private funds, some of these stadiums include: Wrigley Field, Tiger Stadium, Yankee Stadium, and Fenway Park ("Sports Pork", 3). All of these parks are very memorable for lots of reasons, mostly the players that played and or play there. Why when these stadiums were built were they a fraction of the cost that it is to build a stadium today? In the 1980's America was spending about 1.5 billion on new stadiums; in the 1990's it spent 11 billion ("Walls Come", 2).
New York: Penguin, 2011. Print. Jackson, Kenneth T. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford UP, 1985. Print.
The court noted that, “Decades of economic decline led a state agency in 1990 to designate the City a “distressed municipality (Kilo v. New London, 2).” The redevelopment plan was, “projected to create in excess of 1,000 jobs, to increase tax and other revenues, and to revitalize an economically distressed city, including its downtown and waterfront areas (1).” It would accomodate new business associated with the Pfizer facility, create leisure and recreational opportunities, and make the city more attractive in general. The city, seeing these benefits adopted a ... ... middle of paper ... ...alize an economically distressed city, including its downtown and waterfront areas, which would indeed result in the greatest happiness of the greatest number. The happiness would result from the revival of a city said to be “distressed municipality” leading to increased income and well-being for visitors, residents, and businesses. While seeking a conclusion, Dworkin would seek weight for the principle at hand. Looking at cases such as Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff and Berman v. Parker he would see other judges ruling in favor of the larger “plans” at hand.