Have you ever wondered what your nails, hair or even your cartilage is made out of? Well, the main component in creating of some of our bodies necessities is Keratin. Humans have at least 54 functional keratin genes, these make a family of genes called the “KRT Family”. These 54 different genes are categorized into Type I and Type II. This family’s main job is to provide instructions to create proteins called keratins, but what is the point of these “keratin protein” ? Keratin is part of the family of fibrous structural proteins and is the key component in creating the outer layer of skin (cartilage), hair, nails, and teeth for humans. This essential protein is created from the combination of 18 different amino acids, one especially notable one being cysteine, which is rich in sulfur. This important protein plays an important role in the cohesion of hair, this is produced by keratinocytes and within the cornified layer of the epidermis, there are large amounts of keratinocytes in keratin filaments. …show more content…
Keratin monomers assemble together in groups to form intermediate filaments. These filaments are tough and form extremely strong and create strong unmineralized epidermal appendages which are found in reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals. Also, keratin can help other animals by creating horns, hooves and claws for many
The skin is made up of layers called epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and consists mainly of dead cells and a protein called keratin. The epidermis is avascular, meaning there are no blood vessels in this layer. It contains a few nerve receptors for touch and pain. The cells found in the epidermis are stem cells, which become the next cell described, keratinocytes. These cells manufacture the protein keratin and are the most abundant cells in the epidermis. Melanocytes are found in the epidermis and they create the pigment called
Nail problems are common in patients with Allopecia areata since both are composed of keratin.
Whiteman, D. C., P. Watt, D. M. Purdie, et al. "Melanocytic Nevi, Solar Keratoses, and Divergent Pathways to Cutaneous Melanoma." Journal of the National Cancer Institute 95 (June 4, 2003): 806–812.
There is Keratinized and non keratinized the difference between the two is that keratinized covers the dry areas of the skin where as non keratinized covers moist areas such as the larynx, vagina.
Human skin is a multi-layered structure. It is generally divided into two layers, the epidermis and the dermis. Below the dermis a subcutaneous fat layer is found. The epidermis can be further divided into several sub-layers. These are the stratum corneum, the stratum lucidum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum germinativum. The stratum germinativum is usually referred to as the basal layer.
After the skin, there is a layer called the dermis. The dermis is a broad layer of fibrous and elastic tissue (made mostly of fibrillin, elastin, and collagen) which gives the skin its flexibility and strength. The dermis incorporates nerve endings, sweat glands and oil glands, hair follicles, and blood
HairGenesis Softgels: It contains extracts derived from Nettle root, Pygeum africanum, Saw palmetto and Green tea. The other components include olive oil, glycerin, phytosterols, lecithin, borage oil, yellow beeswax, purified water and biotin. It also includes Beta sitosterol and Evening primrose which helps hair loss.
Bardale RV, Tumram NK, Dixit PG, Deshmukh AY, conducted a study at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College Hospital, Nagpur, from March to April 2010. The study consists of 30 human cadavers comprising 24 male and 6 female, and their age ranged from 15 to 64 years. All samples were observed under light microscopy. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H and E) and Periodic acid-Schiff (alcian-PAS). The skin samples were observed for the following: epidermis, dermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. And they observed the following
... or sources of the disorder, as well as coming up with more effective treatments. Although, the genes that are accountable for the majority of ichthyosis situations have been characterized; there are a select number of people who have the disease and do not have a genetic alteration in one of their known DNA strands. For that reason, investigators will continue to search for genes involved in the disease. They, additionally, are searching for countless methods in order to influence the affected genes to prevent the ailment. Other scientists are occupied by developing pharmaceutical conducts, containing original moisturizers or provisions in which softens the outer layer of skin and cause it to retain in more humidity than it would usually have. An example of this would be a new production of topical “keratolytics” in which comforts or relaxes the keratin in the nail.
Keratin waterproofs the body which allows the handling of household chemicals, such as swimming in pool or taking a shower, to not be so disastrous to the underlying cells of the body. The skin forms a protective barrier but allows certain substances to pass through it The epidermis is the outer layer, and the dermis is the inner layer. Underneath the dermis is the subcutaneous layer which is composed of fatty tissue allowing it to anchor the skin to the underlying muscles.
The integumentary system has five main functions. The five main functions of the integumentary system are protection, regulation, sensation, absorption, and secretion. It consists of the hair, nails, skin, sebaceous and sweat glands. The largest organ of the entire body is the skin. The skin consists of three different layers. The epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer, these are the three layers of the skin. There is a layer that is deeper than the skin and contains body fat, that layer is called the hypodermis. Sweat glands are also called sudoriferous glands. One of the functions of the skin is to maintain homeostasis. Synthesis of vitamin D, excretion of urea, excretion of salts and water are a few things that the skin is also capable of. The top layer of the skin is called the epidermis. The epidermis contains five different layers. These layers are the stratum corneum, the stratum lucidum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. In the epidermis there are four different cell types. The keratinocytes which produce keratin, the merkel cells that are sensitive to touch, the langerhans cells which is a dendritic type off cell, and the melanocytes which produce melanin.
Protein overload in natural hair is an issue many naturals encounter at one point or another. Proteins are essential for the maintenance of healthy hair. Not only is hair made up mostly of proteins but proteins are readily attracted to the hair and are easily absorbed by the hair’s surface. Additionally, water molecules are also attracted to proteins and will readily bond with them. Protein not only helps to attract and bind water to the hair but will also penetrate the hair to fix any weak areas in the protein structure of the hair, keeping it healthy and strong. It is for these reasons that proteins are added to hair products.
The integumentary system is composed of the skin and the structures related to the skin, which include the hair, the finger nails, the sensory receptors and the glands (Shier, Butler, & Lewis, 2009). This system has an important function since it provides protection to the body, helps to maintain body temperature, and contains sensory receptors (p.117). The skin has essential function such as regulating homeostasis and body temperature, also delaying the loss of water from deeper tissues, storing sensory receptor, synthesizing biomechanical, and discharging waste from the body (p.117). The skin has two layers: the epidermis (outer layer) and the dermis (inner layer) (p.117). There is also a subcutaneous layer or hypodermis (p.117). According to Shier, Butler, and Lewis 2009 “as its name indicates, this layer is beneath the skin and not a true layer of the skin” (p.117). This layer has the blood vessels that supply the skin (p.117).
When approaching the topic of hair chemistry, one may think about the question, where does hair come from? Saclike holes called follicles are located all over the human body. At the bottom of these follicles are a cluster of papilla responsible for the growth of hair. As the papilla, otherwise known as hair bulbs reproduce to make new hair cells, the old ones are pushed up towards the surface of the skin causing the hair to grow longer. This may seem like a simple concept to grasp. However, the process of hair growth is a little more in depth.
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