Juvenile Crime There has always been alarm and despair over escalating juvenile crime. In the 1950s there were reports about the mushrooming problems with youthful gangs in the big cities. In the 1960s we began to hear about a surge of juvenile crime in areas that had been regarded as virtually crime free. In the suburbs as well as the inner cities, youngsters were dropping out of school, using drugs and committing crimes. In the 1970s and 1980s, juvenile court dockets became increasingly jammed with criminal cases. According to the Department of Justice, the percentage increases in arrests from 1985 to 1994 have been greater for juveniles than for adults. During 1994 alone, 2.7 million juveniles were arrested. During the latter part of this century, juvenile courts that customarily provided social services in order to rehabilitate rather than punish lawbreakers were faced with an onslaught of children who were not simply wayward youths, but hardened repeat offenders. The 1980s witnessed an increasingly desperate outcry for courts to take more extreme measures to contain juvenile crime, which is assuming ever more serious forms. It is almost a daily occurrence to turn on the nightly news and hear stories of ever increasing youths committing crimes. Even more alarming are the ages of these offenders. In Lake Station, Indiana, three first-grade students were plotting to kill a classmate. They even went so far as to draw a map of where the slaying was to take place. In California a six year old boy was charged with attempted murder of a 3 month old baby. In Southern California, three 17 year old girls were charged with false imprisonment, conspiracy, aggravated mayhem and torture when they held a 15-year-old runa... ... middle of paper ... ...ming Explosion of Teenage Crime," Policy Review, Winter 1995, Heritage Foundation, 214 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20002, (202) 546-4400 Sheppard, D. (1999). Strategies to reduce gun violence. OJJDP fact Sheet, (No.93) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Snyder, H.N., & Sickmund, M. (1995). Juvenile offenders and victims: A national report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Snyder, H.N., & Sickmund, M. (1997). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1997 update on violence. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Ted Gest with Victoria Pope, “Crime Time Bomb: Seeking solutions to rising juvenile crime,” U.S. News, 3/25/96 Tutman, Lisa. Girls accused in murder plot. http://www.msnbc.com/local/WMAQ/99362.asp
In this essay, the author
- Explains that there has always been alarm and despair over escalating juvenile crime. in the 1950s, there were reports about the mushrooming problems with youthful gangs in the big cities.
- Opines that a child 6 years old is not criminally responsible and cannot form the intent to kill that is necessary for criminal prosecutions.
- Explains that juveniles are affected by poverty, family breakdowns, neglect, alcoholism, and poor education. delinquent behavior is a neglected child's attempt to compensate for attention that he did not receive.
- Explains that children who are in a gang are at risk. even youngsters who suddenly start getting bad grades could be prone to violence. numerous studies have been performed.
- Explains that environment can affect behavior, but it can be less crucial than the choice the individual makes as they respond to the environment.
- States that butts, jeffrey a., ph.d. (1996), delinquency cases in juvenile courts. ojjdp fact sheet.
- Cites commissioner sharron kelley's white paper on youth, violence, the schools and the county toward a comprehensive, long-term approach.
- Opines that it is not sufficient to blame poverty, the 1960’s, drugs, uncaring parents, short-sighted social programs, misguided justice programs for juvenile crimes.
- Explains that environment isn't irrelevant, and external factors can inhibit or facilitate a person's inclination to break the law. gun homicides by juveniles have nearly tripled.
- Cites eron, l.d, gentry, j.h., and schlegel, p. (1995). reason to hope: a psychological perspective on violence and youth.
- Cites loper, cornell, and sickmund, as well as the office of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention.
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- Juvenile Delinquency in the Statesexplanatory essayJuvenile Delinquency in the States Presently, juvenile justice is widely acknowledged as being in a state of flux in the United States. The early 1990s saw the most substantial rise in violent crime committed by juveniles ever experienced in this country. On the heels of decades of skepticism about the effectiveness of parens patriae (the state as parent), this rise was the "proof" for many "experts" who believe that the juvenile justice system should be abolished. These skeptics reason that one criminal court could still have some latitude when sentencing younger offenders, but that kids are now committing adult crimes, so it is time to treat them as adults.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that juvenile justice is in a state of flux in the united states. the early 1990s saw the most substantial rise in violent crime committed by juveniles.
- Explains that many "experts" think the juvenile justice system simply needs renovations. different states treat offenders differently, and some states are role models in the way they are managed and executed.
- Opines that juvenile justice is a worthwhile topic because of its relevance to every member of american society.
- Explains that researching juvenile justice is difficult because juvenile court records are sealed, and juveniles only become media-accessible when transferred to adult criminal court, which may explain the rise in violent juvenile crime today.
- Explains that crime statistics are divided into many different categories, which makes compilation difficult. correctional facilities are the sole exception to this rule, as they keep data on the state level.
- Explains that the literature on juvenile justice is cyclical. it becomes a "hot topic" for some years, then dwindles and another hot topic comes to the forefront.
- Explains that they decided to analyze ten state characteristics with dr. renner's assistance. they chose population, income, and percent white because they are common control variables.
- Explains that head start enrollment is a wild-card variable in cd's state fact finder. its supporters claim it can influence the rest of the child’s life by stressing the importance of education early-on.
- Explains that the violent crime index measures the number of arrests per 100,000 juveniles, including murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
- Opines that the correlation between head start and dependent variables was indirect, and that states with a high percentage of children enrolled in the program stress education more than those with lower percentages.
- Opines that head start enrollment is statistically significant for the violent crime index. the question is whether this significance is caused strictly by the programs or by states doing something else.
- Explains that head start is more popular in the cities than in rural areas, and that it may also have possible links to crime.
- Opines that research can be extremely difficult and time-consuming, and that a researcher must be flexible and willing to modify their opinions to fit the previous research.
- Analyzes the violent crime indexanalysis of variancedfr square.66247 regression 10standard error 131.2801 residual 39f = 7.65438 significant f =.0000variable b beta t sig
- Describes the demographics of the population, including head start, ch. pov, and fem hh.
- Describes the books by martin forst, susan guarino-ghezzi, and edward j. loughran, balancing juvenile justice.
- Cites renner, tari, snyder, howard n., and melissa sickmund. juvenile offenders and victims: a national report.
1783 wordsRead More - Juvenile Crimesanalytical essayJuvenile crime is a growing problem that endangers virtually every American. Juvenile delinquency is enormously damaging to the health and well-being of the nations families and communities. A juvenile crime can consist of DUI, robbery, rape, minor in possession, weapon in possession anything an adult can be charged with. Individuals under the age of eighteen who commit these crimes can be charged as a juvenile delinquent. Statistics show that most juveniles that commit crimes are in a gang; weather its street related or school related. The average cost of caring for an incarcerated juvenile is more than $40,000 a year. Vandalism in schools cost more than two-hundred million a year, and vandalism directed at personal property is even more expensive. Most juveniles commit crimes because of peer pressure or broken homes. When a minor commits a crime, a state will classify them as a juvenile delinquent.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the causes of juvenile crime and violence, including genetic predisposition, environmental influence, violent images in the media, poverty, and single parent families.
- Opines that parents should spend more time with their child and be more controlling to prevent juvenile delinquency.
- Explains that when a juvenile enters the juvenile justice center special rules govern their case. parents have to pay the state the costs associated with their child's prosecution and rehabilitation.
- States that juvenile delinquency is a growing problem that endangers virtually every american.
- Explains that the total number of delinquents in the nation is far greater than is revealed in court statistics and police records.
1256 wordsRead More - Juvenile Crimeexplanatory essayRemember doing something mischievous or wrong when you were a kid and getting the label "delinquent" slapped on you ? Did you ever wonder what it meant ? That is what my topic for today is . . . juvenile delinquency. In this report I will: define juvenile delinquency, give the extent of juvenile delinquency, give some suggestions on what causes juvenile delinquency, and what is being done in various communities to deal with this growing problem. The legal term juvenile delinquent was established so that young lawbreakers could avoid the disgrace of being classified in legal records as criminals. Juvenile delinquency laws were designed to provide treatment, rather than punishment, for juvenile offenders. Young delinquents usually are sent to juvenile courts, where the main aim is to rehabilitate offenders, rather than to punish them. But the term juvenile delinquency itself has come to imply disgrace in today's society. A youngster can be labeled a delinquent for breaking any one of a number of laws, ranging from robbery to running away from home. But an action for which a youth may be declared a delinquent in one community may not be against the law in another community. In some communities, the police ignore many children who are accused of minor delinquencies or refer them directly to their parents. But in other communities, the police may refer such children to a juvenile court, where they may officially be declared delinquents. Crime statistics, though they are often incomplete and may be misleading, do give an indication of the extent of the delinquency problem. The FBI reports that during the early 1980's, about two-fifths of all arrests in the United States for burglary and arson were of persons under the age of 18. Juveniles also accounted for about one-third of all arrests for larceny. During any year, about 4 % of all children between the ages of 10 and 18 appear in a juvenile court. The percentage of youngsters in this group who are sent to court at least once is much higher. A third or more of those boys living in the slum areas of large cities may appear in a juvenile court at least once. Girls are becoming increasingly involved in juvenile delinquency. Today, about one of every five youngsters appearing in juvenile court is a girl. In the early 1900's, this ratio was about 1 girl to every 50 or 60 boys.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that juvenile delinquency is a disgrace in today's society.
- Explains that two-fifths of all arrests in the united states for burglary and arson were of persons under the age of 18.
- Explains that delinquency is a solution to youths' unhappiness, and that sociologists stress neighborhood conditions, such as broken homes, high unemployment, few recreational facilities and high crime rates.
- Explains that the pain of being poor and living in slum conditions is felt more strongly in rich societies than in poor ones. there is little evidence that any of these programs are truly effective.
988 wordsRead More - Juvenile Crime Prevention in Americaopinionated essayJuvenile crime in the United States is ballooning out of control along with adult crimes, and politicians and law enforcement officials don’t seem to be able to do anything about it. Despite tougher sentencing laws, longer probation terms, and all other efforts of lawmakers, the crime and recidivism rates in our country can’t be reduced. The failure of these recent measures along with new research and studies by county juvenile delinquency programs point to the only real cure to the U.S.’s crime problem: prevention programs. The rising crime rates in the United States are of much worry to most of the U.S.’s citizens, and seems to be gaining a sense of urgency. Crime ranks highest in nationwide polls as Americans’ biggest concern (Daltry 22). For good reason- twice as many people have been victims of crimes in the 1990s as in the 1970s (Betts 36). Four times as many people under the age of eighteen were arrested for homicide with a handgun in 1993 than in 1983 (Schiraldi 11A). These problems don’t have a quick fix solution, or even an answer that everyone can agree on. A study by the Campaign for an Effective Crime Policy has found no deterrent effects of the “Three Strikes and You’re Out” law recently put into effect by politicians (Feinsilber 1A). It has been agreed however that there is not much hope of rehabilitating criminals once started on a life of crime. Criminologist David Kuzmeski sums up this feeling by saying, “If society wants to protect itself from violent criminals, the best way it can do it is lock them up until they are over thirty years of age.... I am not aware of any treatment that has been particularly successful.” The problem with his plan is that our country simply doesn’t have the jail space, or money to ...
In this essay, the author
- Argues that despite tougher sentencing laws, longer probation terms, and all other efforts of lawmakers, the crime and recidivism rates in our country can't be reduced.
- Opines that incarceration and rehabilitation programs have little to no effect since most criminals have the same backgrounds in common. community action programs give youngsters positive outlets for their emotions and hobbies.
- Explains dr. andrews' nine principles for effective delinquency prevention and intervention.
- Explains that there are several organizations that fit these principles, and have started making a difference to our nation's future already.
- Explains that these programs give youngsters positive male or female role models and structured activities to keep them away from harmful influences.
- Explains that the summer youth employment program made a big difference in the number of area youth who were in school and had part-time employment, and decreased the chances of them becoming criminals. another controversial set of prevention programs is those related to guns.
- Explains howell's guide for implementing the comprehensive strategy for serious violent and chronic juvenile off.
- Opines that schiraldi, vince, "exaggeration of juvenile crime drives stiffer penalties".
- Cites andrews, d.a., ph.d. principles for effective delinquency prevention and early enders. howell, james c. and barry krisberg.
1869 wordsRead More - Juvenile Delinquencyanalytical essayMain Post: Juvenile delinquency is a problem that affects society as a whole. Understanding Juvenile delinquency is important because it is part of trying to figure out how people in American society should react to it; specifically, in terms of law enforcement officers, their agencies, and State legislators. When deviant behavior becomes "continuous, chronic and widespread it gets perceived as a significant part of the population as threatening to the general well-being of society" (Thompson and Bynum, 2010, p. 44). This is a societal problem that requires attention from various forms of social control.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that juvenile delinquency affects society as a whole. it requires attention from various forms of social control, but an imperfect juvenile justice system absorbs the burden.
- Explains that the original concept behind the juvenile court system was an emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment. the dichotomies of "treatment-punishment" and "child-adult" have been skewed.
- Argues that juvenile courts lack resources to provide social welfare for children because the responsibility of providing child welfare does not rest solely on the juvenile court.
- Analyzes how gerald gault challenged the juvenile code of arizona for lack of constitutionality. the supreme court granted some changes in rights but not all.
- Opines that juvenile courts lack conception and combine social welfare with state coercion, resulting in mediocre functionality at best.
- Asks whether feld is correct in his belief that the creation of a separate juvenile court system has led to unanticipated negative consequences for both children and justice.
- Explains thompson, w. e., and bynum, j.e. juvenile delinquency: a sociological approach.
- Cites fortas' opinion of the court supreme court of the united states: 387 u.s.
1498 wordsRead More - Effective Communication in Criminal Justice Settingsopinionated essaySiegel, L. J., & Welsh, B. (2012). Juvenile delinquency : theory, practice, and law. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how verbal and non-verbal interaction impacts juvenile delinquent officers when approaching the public through the press, and its impact in court proceedings when the officers testify under direct or oblique evaluation.
- Explains that the juvenile detention officer supervises young offenders housed in a prison or correctional facility. they state that they are accountable for providing safety, self-discipline, managing actions, escorting or moving juveniles to needed sessions.
- Opines that the juvenile detention officer must have effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills.
- Explains that verbal and non-verbal interaction can impact community reports to media in different ways. the announcement officer, paper, radio, and television are separate stages of liability.
- Explains that non-verbal and verbal devices can impact court docket options in various ways. interaction will impact the procedure of testifying.
- Explains that spoken interaction impacts correctional features. it impacts employees, colleagues, and prisoners. verbal interaction helps law enforcement offer guidelines to thieves.
- Opines that effective communication skills will be beneficial to all parties involved in the field.
- Explains allen, sawhney, and lawrence, r., & hesse, m. (2010). juvenile justice : the essentials. thousand oaks, california: sage publications.
1685 wordsRead More - Poverty and Crime in Americaopinionated essayThompson, W, & Bynum, J. (1991). Juvenile delinquency. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that crime in this country is an everyday thing. some people believe that it's unnecessary and can be prevented. since poverty, people living in the streets, or with people barely getting by, there will always be crime.
- Explains that the exact amount of poverty exits in the united states is difficult to ascertain, since the manner in which poverty is measured determines poverty reported. small children are vulnerable to a wide variety of problems, including poor nutrition, inadequate housing, substandard medical attention, and physical or emotional abuse.
- Opines that poverty is self-perpetuating and criminal and delinquent activity may be an accepted part of the total picture for deprived kids.
- Explains that a person may experience internal conflict in trying to decide which set of values, attitudes, and codes of behavior to accept and internalize.
- Opines that the abuse of girls in the family setting by natural fathers or by stepfathers highlights the fact that many female runaways form physically or psychologically broken homes who are charged and labeled as delinquents may be taking flight as a self-preservation tactic
- Argues that domestic violence is a serious crime and that low-income men use violence to prevent women from becoming economically self-sufficient.
- Explains that the rate of intimate violence against women decreases as household income levels increase. the worcester family research project found that over 60% of the entire sample reported severe physical violence by an intimate male partner in adulthood.
- Argues that the benefit-cost model can be applied to individual decisions that put women at risk. poor women experience more crimes against their home, more injuries at their jobs, and more physical and sexual assaults than better-off women.
- Explains that street offenders are three times more likely to have a convicted offender in their immediate family while growing up, and 18 percent were abused or neglected as children.
- Explains that homicide was the twelfth leading cause of death among males in 2001, with 61 percent of those dying from gunshot wounds.
- Explains that criminal behavior is associated with poverty, bad housing, slum-residence, inadequate and demoralized families, mental retardation, emotional instability, and other traits.
- Explains that violence is a learned response to pressures of survival. stress theories view violent behavior as coping with intolerable stress.
- Explains that social-learning explanations of violent behavior hold that early childhood experiences are related to behavior patterns later in life. a study revealed that 26 percent of youths had experienced physical abuse and abused delinquents tended to direct their violence toward members of their immediate families or significant others in their lives.
- Explains that researchers who exained the family situations of the kids who threatened to kill or actually killed their parents found that the youths family environment was characterized by physical abuse of children, heavy drinking by parents, and constant verbal and physical fighting among parents.
- Analyzes how researchers studied social disorganization, industrialization, population movements, and changes in the neighborhoods to determine their influence on delinquency and crime in cities.
- Explains that those living in areas characterized by rapid change in the population, lack of interpersonal interaction, poverty, and family disruption have limited opportunities to achieve through legitimate means. social disorganization reduces their response to social controls and in many instances causes them to seek success or pleasure without regard for the laws of society.
- Explains that youths seek gratification through illegitimate methods without regard to the social acceptability of their activities. their "opportunity theory" stressed the importance of social enviroment in determining which opportunities open to them.
- Explains that people living in poverty-stricken areas have fewer options in life. economic problems are higher up than social problems, such as crime, seperation of families, drug abuse, dependency on government assistance, and gangs.
- Explains that crime gives opportunity to people in poverty to obtain materal goods that they cant attain through legitimate means. threat or force can help them acquire even more goods.
- Explains that the degree of minority population in an area is also related with poverty due to the disproportional amount of minorities living in impoverished areas.
- Explains that crime is an attempt to satisfy a desire by taking something that does not belong to the person doing the taking.
- Explains that poverty in america affects crime and does damage in our country. people want to be out of poverty, have more than enough money to get by, and feel safe in their neighborhood.
- Describes kratcoski, l., & p. (1998), juvenile delinquency.
- Describes laub, sampson, and samuelson's essay, "shared beginnings, divergent lives: delinquent boys to age 70."
- Explains peterson, krivo, and hagan, the many colors of crime.
- Explains shover, n, and hochstetler, a. choosing white-collar crime.
- Explains that thompson, w., and bynum, j. (1991). juvenile delinquency. needham heights, ma.
- Describes wilson, h. (2007). guns, gun control, and elections.
3673 wordsRead More - Juvenile Justiceexplanatory essayPortfolio on Juvenile Status Offenders A juvenile status offender is a youth charged with an offense that is not consider a crime if committed by an adult; this would include but not limited to running away from home, curfew violations, underage drinking, skipping school, or beyond a parents control. Status offenders are usually not incarcerated on their first offense, but violating a court order can find them as delinquent who can result in being place in a correction or detention facility. Juvenile crime statistics are gathered from local law enforcement agencies by the FBI in order to better understand the nature and extent of juvenile crimes in the United States. Juvenile crime statistics reflect arrest information and do not account for unreported juvenile crime rates. Juvenile crime statistics rates have steadily dropped since 1994 when crimes involving juveniles reached a record high.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that juvenile status offender is charged with an offense that is not considered a crime if committed by an adult. juvenile crime statistics reflect arrest information and do not account for unreported juvenile crime rates.
- Explains that juvenile offenses include domestic violence, neglect, gangs, peer pressure, financial problems, adhd, low intelligence or brain damage. correction programs guide juveniles in the right direction through community interaction, family counseling, recreational and proctor programs, alternative schools, foster homes, employment training and treatment for delinquent behavior
- Explains that juvenile justice is an area of criminal law applicable to someone who is not old enough to be held accountable for a criminal act. each state creates juvenile courts that provide methods for dealing with juvenile delinquency.
- Explains that prevention programs are set up to address the needs of juvenile status offenders and their families. parent and teacher training is the number one key to help the development of children with antisocial skills.
- Explains that juvenile justice programs can help children develop intellectual, emotional, and social skills through activities and counseling. guiding principles are designed as a treatment program to assist communities to reduce juvenile delinquency.
- Cites axia college of university of phoenix's persuasive messages from the department of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention.
1512 wordsRead More - The Scared Straight Programanalytical essayAdolescent criminal acts, which include but are not limited to murder, rape, armed robbery, violent assault, mugging, arson, vandalism and robbery are a large portion of the crimes represented in the media. Alternative options to throwing these kids in juvenile detention centers is a rehabilitative boot camp where they have no control over even their own bodies or programs similar to scared straight where they see possible consequences to their actions. The importance of the success or failure of these programs is important because right now it is the popular solution. If these programs are going nowhere, time should be invested in creating new ideas and methods to treat these children before they become adults in the prison system.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the scared straight program, juvenile boot camps, and other scare tactics have led to the question as to whether they are beneficial or not in treating adolescent criminal recidivism.
- Opines that alternative options to throwing these kids in juvenile detention centers are a rehabilitative boot camp where they have no control over even their own bodies or programs similar to scared straight.
- Explains that the paper addresses the james finckenauer study of the scared straight program created by the lifer's group in the rahway state prison in new jersey.
- Explains that the lifers' group originally consisted of inmates in the new jersey rahway state prison who were sentenced to twenty-five years or more.
- Explains that the lifers' group was created in part to counteract what they saw as a stereotyped, hollywood-type image of prisons and convicts held by the general public.
- Explains that the lifers' group's letter to parents of adolescents who took part in the program stated that only one person out of 155 juveniles was taken into custody. petrosino criticized the letter by saying that it wasn't an actual study with a control group and experimental group.
- Analyzes how finckenauer discussed his study methods in part 3 of his book on the scared straight program. sherman cited the study as biased.
- Explains the specific goals of the research were to evaluate the psychological and behavioral reactions the juveniles experienced as a direct result of their involvement in the project.
- Explains that finckenauer's study consisted of forty-six experimentals and thirty-five controls. the main methodological problem addressed by professionals was the issue of randomization.
- Opines that the treatment or experimental group contained more delinquents, proportionately, than the control group.
- Explains that a letter from the panel on research on rehabilitation of criminal offenders of the national academy of sciences was cited in finckenauer's book scared straight and the panacea phenomenon.
- Argues that finckenauer's study shows the difficulty in gathering participants and money to conduct experiments to find the relevance of these programs.
- Compares the experiment by finckenauer and the letter sent to parents by the lifers' group. the success of the program should not have been decided on the basis of letters.
- Opines that if programs like these work, they need to be implemented all around the us (assuming there are willing inmate participants).
- Argues that a future research solution should focus on the kids going through the lifers' program now. if they have criminal records, it should be attached to their files that they've completed the program.
- Cites andrews d, zinger i, hoge r, bonta j, gendreau p, and f. cullen. does correctional treatment work? a clinically relevant and psychologically informed meta-analysis.
- Opines that jailhouse shock aims to scare youths straight. the scotsman 1999 oct 26:12.5.
- Explains petrosino a, boruch r, rounding c, mcdonald s, chalmers i. assembling a social,psychological, educational and criminological trials register (spectr).
1537 wordsRead More - Children Tried as Adultsanalytical essayScott, E. , & Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescent development and the regulation of youth crime. Future of Children, 18(2), 15-33.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that it is unfair for american children to know that though they can be innocent, they are treated as adults when they turn thirteen in some states.
- Explains that age eighteen is accepted as a norm because the constitution states that under the 26th amendment, people can vote.
- Explains that there are no state laws or federal laws set to decide at what age a person is eligible to go to an adult court or prison if proven guilty for an unpardonable crime.
- Explains that the use of juvenile hall and adult prisons is decreasing because states are increasing the sending of delinquent children directly to an adult jail.
- Opines that the ydc has some flaws like child treatment abuse and neglect, but it is still better to confine the minor there than send him or her directly to adult prison.
- Analyzes how the book human rights in our own backyard finds that one-quarter of all african american teen males and one in ten latino teens have or will be in their lifetime, incarcerated for at least a year.
- Analyzes how the "war on drugs" caused disproportionality of people caged in terms of race for both adult jails and juvenile hall.
- Explains that the united nations has set up covenants and the universal declaration of human rights for every country to follow when treating juvenile delinquents.
- Explains that the united states had signed the iccpr on october 5, 1977 and ratified it on june 8, 1992, but the country has yet to employ fully the rights the child has under the treaty.
- Compares the iccpr's treatment of juveniles to the first amendment, which covers the freedom of religion.
- Argues that children's rights are abrogated regularly in the justice process, stating that they are at psychosocial disadvantages in terms of responsibility, peer influence, temperance and perspective.
- States that article 5 of the udhr says that there should not be cruel and unusual punishment. the united states was executing minors until 2005, but the supreme court declared it unconstitutional.
- Cites cottle, t, ellens, schnell, yamini-diouf, & wolfe, m. (2003). evaluation of a mental health treatment court with assertive community treatment.
- Cites marrus, e., rosenberg, i. and benekos, p. on waiver and juvenile justice reform.
- Analyzes redlich, quas, and ghetti's research on the perceptions of children during a police interrogation.
2235 wordsRead More