Silicon has an atomic number of 14. It is located in period 3 group 14. Jons Jacob Berzeliusis a chemist that discovered silicon in 1824. He was heating chips of potassium in a silica container. Its boiling point is 5909 degrees. Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the world. Silicon is made by heating sand with carbon. Silicon is the second most abundant element on the earth’s crust. Silicon is neither a metal nor non-metal. Silicon is never found as a pure element naturally. Jacob Berzelius is credited for discovering silicon. Although, people thought that Thenard had already tried to obtain silicon in 1809. T. Thomson named the element in 1831. T. Thomson added the ending “on” to emphasize the analogy between
Sulfur goes back to the ancient times but it was called brimstone. In 1979, a French chemist named Antoine Lavoisier recognized sulfur was an element and added it to his list of elements. The element sulfur is considered a nonmetal and is the 10th most abundant element in the universe. On the periodic table sulfur is in group sixteen and it is a representative element. Sulfur has an atomic mass of 32.07 with an atomic number of 16. There are three energy levels for sulfur the first energy level is two, the second energy level is eight, and the third energy level is six.
Neon was discovered in 1898 by British chemists Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers as a component of the most volatile fraction of liquefied crude argon obtained from air. Upon applying an electric current to it, the chemists found that it had an orange glow, and they decided that it was not argon, but rather a new element altogether.
Just like many other scientific discoveries, the discovery and isolation of lithium was a group effort. In 1817, a Swedish scientist by the name of Johan Arfwedson was the first person to discover Lithium. While doing an analysis on the mineral petalite in 1817, Arfwedson found this soft, silver-white element. Jons Jakob Berzelius, another Swedish chemist, named the element the Greek name “lithos.” Later on, the element’s name was then changed to lithium. Although lithium had finally been discovered, none of the aforementioned scientists were able to isolate pure lithium without it being attached to its salts. It was not until 1821 when two English chemists by the names of Sir Humphrey Davy and William Thomas Brande isolated lithium by electrolyzing lithium oxide (LiO2).
Molybdenum is not found in nature, and the compounds that can be found were, until the late 1700s confused with other elements, such as carbon and lead. In 1778 Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered that molybdenum was separate from graphite and lead, and was able to isolate the oxide of the metal from molybdenite. Molybdenum was rarely used and stayed in the laboratory until the late 19th century. Plants and animals generally have molybdenum, present in very small amounts.
The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2)
The element neon was discovered by Morris Travers and Sir William Ramsey. The chemists first isolated neon in 1898 by evaporating argon using low pressure. Neon was the third noble gas discovered by Ramsay and Travers, after argon and krypton. Neon has an atomic number of 10. The first neon lamp was produced by Georges Claude. Neon produces a reddish-orange color. Argon produces a faint purple. Neon most commonly used in advertising signs. Neon creates light through the application of electricity to neon in a glass tube.
In 1787, an unusual rock, which had been found in a lead mine at Strontian, Scotland, was investigated by Adair Crawford. He realized it was a new mineral containing ‘earth’ which he named Strontia. In 1791, Thomas Charles Hope made a fuller investigation and proved it was a new element. He also noted that it caused the flame of a candle to burn red. Strontium metal itself was first isolated in 1808 by Humphry Davy. Strontium is named after Strontian, a small town in Scotland, where it was found.
Discovered in 1808 by J.L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard in Paris, France, and Sir Humphry Davy in London, England, boron is element number five on the Periodic Table of the Elements. The name "boron" comes from the Arabic "buraq" (pronounced borax). The actual element boron is not commonly used, but compounds of boron are very common. These compounds can be found in such household items as detergent. Boron is also used in Pyrex glass, which makes the glass more heat resistant. Boron is also an essential mineral for plants and animals, although it can be toxic in large quantities (Chemsoc 1). Boron has many common uses, but there are also many advantages to using it as and alternative form of fuel.
It was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in England, in 1807. Sir Davy was able to isolate potassium using electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal isolated by this procedure. Today, it is still not found free in nature. It is obtained by electrolysis of chloride or hydroxide.
In 1871 gallium’s existence was first predicted by a Russian chemist known as Dmitri Mendeleev. Mendeleev called it Eka-Aluminum based off of its position
early 1990’s, no such material was known. In 1991, carbon nanotubes were discovered. Although not
The Atomic Theory began in roughly 400BC with Democritus in Ancient Greece and is universally believed to be correct today. Democritus who was born in 460 BC and died 370 BC and is known as the father of modern science. Democritus proclaimed that everything is made up of atoms. He continued his theory to say that atoms will always be in motion, between atoms there is empty space, atoms are unbreakable, there are an infinite number of atoms all different sizes and shapes. He also said that iron atoms are solid and strong and have hooks to lock them together, water atoms are smooth and slippery, salt atoms have sharp jagged edges because of its taste and air atoms are light and spiralling.
Things are very different from each other, and can be broken down into small groups inside itself, which was then noticed early by people, and Greek thinkers, about 400BC. Which just happened to use words like "element', and `atom' to describe the many different parts and even the smallest parts of matter. These ideas were around for over 2000 years while ideas such as `Elements' of Earth, Fire, Air, and Water to explain `world stuff' came and went. Much later, Boyle, an experimenter like Galileo and Bacon, was influenced much by Democritus, Gassendi, and Descartes, which lent much important weight to the atomic theory of matter in the 1600s. Although it was Lavoisier who had divided the very few elements known in the 1700's into four different classes, and then John Dalton made atoms even more believable, telling everyone that the mass of an atom was it's most important property. Then in the early 1800's Dobereiner noted that the similar elements often had relative atomic masses, and DeChancourtois made a cylindrical table of elements to display the periodic reoccurrence of properties. Cannizaro then determined atomic weights for the 60 or so elements known in the 1860s, and then a table was arranged by Newlands, with the many elements given a serial number in order of their atomic weights, of course beginning with Hydrogen. That made it clear that "the eighth element, starting from a given one, is a kind of a repeat of the first", which Newlands called the Law of Octaves.
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
In order to fix this discrepancy, scientists around the world have set out to redefine the definition of the kilogram to be based not upon an object itself, but rather something that’s built into nature– something that will always remain constant. A perfect element to use for this definition is solid silicon-28, an isotope of s...