From a psychodynamic lens, Jackie’s symptoms can potentially be argued from an ego, object relations and self psychology perspective. Another aspect that may further assist in understanding Jackie and his symptoms is to delineate Jackie’s level of functioning according to the levels of personality organization. Ego psychology focuses on the tripartite model, in which the Id, Ego and Superego are conflict driven. The Id can be seen as Jackie’s anxiety toward public situations. As the id is the most primitive functioning domain thus works toward “discharging tension” (Gabbard, 2005 p. 32); therefore the id to release this anxiety to alert the ego of the threat that it is feeling. After the id alerts the ego by releasing anxiety, the ego defends …show more content…
This insufficiency caused his self-esteem and self-image to become distorted because when narcissistic injuries occurred there was no availability of supplies, thus causing the self-image to become molded to what others thought of him. Another aspect of self-psychology discusses the developmental need to have twinship, mirroring and idealizing. However, these experiences which are vital for the self to develop were limited at best by Jackie’s parents. It is clear that mirroring, in which the caregiver validates the child, was not available to Jackie when he was younger. This can be seen as his father being unsupportive and Jackie’s mother not acknowledging and assisting him process his feelings, but instead giving him comfort food to preoccupy him. Idealizing, in which the child views a caregiver as powerful; however, this did not occur with either of his mother or his father. Jackie was able to increase his self-image by defeating his father in an arm wrestling match, thus proving that he was the stronger of the two, but it was never mentioned that Jackie idealized his father to be all powerful. Twinship occurs when individuals begin to imitate or match behavior with other individuals, ideally this occurs between caregivers to child; however, this type of behavior was not reported for either caregiver. The lack of these vital components may have left …show more content…
According to this theory, Jackie is best suited as functioning at a borderline level. One way this became clear is due to his overall functioning ability, although he is able to somewhat function with his mother present, his functioning without her is limited, thus implying that it is overall impaired but not severely to a point of psychotic functioning. The use of avoidance can be another indicator of the level of personality due to the lack of many higher order defenses, and overuse of this low level defense. Jackie’s identity also begs the borderline response, given that he has a inconsistent sense of self, as he at one point considers himself confident and a normal teenager, however then regresses into being anxious due to minor circumstances, he also does this in regard to his career as a photographer and continually views himself as a failure at his career and relationships. In regards to reality testing, Jackie’s was intact given that he was able to accurately given timelines of events, as well as acknowledge the impact of his symptoms (ego dystonic). Given this information it is clear that his level of personality organization is marked as
The movie begins with the family and parenting styles concept of child development by introducing the audience to the main character James and his parents. James lives in a two-parent household with his authoritative parents who are providing him with warmth, love, and encouragement (Levine & Munsch, pp. 521-522). This concept of parenting styles is shown as the movie begins and James is seen spending time with his parents. Then suddenly, James’ world changes and he is abandoned as a result of his parents being killed. This causes James to become orphaned and forced to live with his authoritarian aunts, Spiker and Sponge. Aunt Spiker and Aunt Sponge are very controlling towards James and expect him to obey their rules without allowing him to express his feelings. This authoritarian behavior is seen throughout the movie. Aunt Spiker and Aunt Sponge are also uninvolved, neglectful, and abusive, using verbal and physical punishment on James when they feel it’s necessary, which is also seen throughout the movie (Levine & Munsch, p. 522). These behaviors cause James to develop lower self-esteem, show less intellectual curiosity, and feel lonely and afraid, which are typical outcomes of an authoritarian parenting approach (Levine & Munsch, pp. 521-523). Although James’ aunts’ authoritative parenting style has an effect on his emotional and social behaviors, it is his parents authoritative parenting that plays a...
Dan Gutman’s Jackie and Me takes place in Brooklyn, New York. This is a place where mostly whites were racist towards African Americans because of the time period. A boy named Joe Stoshack, and a baseball star Jackie Robinson faced segregation. In order to overcome racism, smartness, humbleness, and drive are the keys to success. One lesson readers can learn from Jackie and Me is that in the story men and women judge people before they get to know them. Dan Gutman wanted to enforce to readers that “Every human being is the same because that is how God made us.”
Although the id stage stands for “the untamed passions” it is balanced out by “reason and good sense” called the ego (Crain, p. 270). The ego evaluates situations comparing them to what has happened in the past and make realistic changes planning for the future. This is what is called “secondary process thinking”. Ego considers the possibilities of the act in question giving the opportunity to make safe and sound choices.
According to Fairbairn, early object relationships with satisfying objects leads to ego integration. The satisfying object becomes internalized as the “accepting object”, and stays within the ego becoming what he called the central ego. Conversely, if one grows up with unsatisfying, bad object relationships, such as those with abusive or unresponsive caregivers, a pathological eversion from external reality takes place (Summers, 1994). Rita was raised by an abusive, alcoholic father; therefore, one could conclude that her early object relationships were unsatisfying. Fairbairn assumed that one of the early ways that the child attempts to stay attached to the rejecting objects is to internalize them because containing them internally gives him access to the objects when they are unavailable in reality (Summers, 1994; Summers, 2005). Since Rita could not access the unresponsive aspects of her father (i.e., the bad object) in reality, she used fantasy to internalize features of him as now being inside of him or her. Per Fairbairn, children hold on to an abusive relationship because the bond to the caregiver trumps any pleasure (Summers, 2005). Despite his abusive nature, Rita still desired to maintain a connection with her father. So, she internalized him as a bad object, and in doing so, he became part of her internal
Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (19621960). The Ego and the Super-ego. The ego and the id (pp. 19-20). New York: Norton.
Ego identity is said to be one of the many things Erickson has focused on. He believed that through social interaction we gain mindful sense of ourselves, which can be commonly referred to as Ego identity. Although, Freud referred to the ego as the match over the necessities of the identity and superego, Erickson saw the ego as our way of our self-esteem. The way Erickson describes ego is the way we commonly use it in conversation. The main i...
Kohut states that during infancy the child’s self is still very immature and that they rely on their caregivers as sources of self-cohesion (Banai, Mikulincer, & Shaver, 2005). In my client’s case, since she was unable to meet the grandiose exhibitionistic pole it is likely that she developed a disorder of the self. A disorder of the self results when the parents fail to provide empathy and when they fail to be available as objects (Perosa & Perosa,
The ego struggle to keep the id happy. The ego meets with obstacles in the world. It occasionally with objects that actually assists it in attaining it goals. The ego keeps a record of the obstacles and aides. It also keeps a record of punishments and rewards administered out by the two must influential objects in the world of a child, its mom and dad. This record of things to avoid and strategies to take becomes the superego. As stated earlier the primary function of the id is to satisfy its immediate instincts, drive and urges it superego that links the mind to society and reality. As Freud (1960) states \"superego is however, not simply a residue of the earliest choices of the id; it also represents an energetic reaction formation against those choices\" (p.24).
Willie resembled his father both physically and emotionally, this resemblance helps further the label that Willie receives. In support of this statement, on page 142, Butterfield provides the reader with a psychiatrist's observa...
The Literary theme that has captivated my interest and has moved me to research and understand the content which it describes or analyze , would be The Ambition of Self improvement. This theme can be related with psychoanalytic criticism. The story that has inspired me to study this theme comes from a short fiction story written by Amy Tan, named “Two Kinds”. This story has primary conflict between mother and daughter, with self improvement being the main theme identified in the text. Conflict that emerges between parents and children are still common factors current in society today. Personal experiences readers have had growing up can ignite an interest for readers to seek understanding of self improvement and the factors of Psychoanalytic criticism that adopt in them.
It is driven by the reality principle by attempting to rationalize the situation and act accordingly in order to achieve satisfaction while doing it in a socially acceptable manner. The ego is ‘like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse’ (Freud, 1923). For example, while out at a restaurant, Tom was thirsty but knew that the waiter would return to refill the water glass, so he waited until then to get a drink, even though he just really wanted to drink from Mrs. Smith’s glass. The super ego sits, omnipresent, at the top and acts as a moral compass for both the id and ego.
Throughout time, many psychologists have had their own views about different theories. Theories direct and guide our perception of thinking. The similarities and differences can be broken down through different forms of development by Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and Albert Bandura. Sigmund Freud emphasized the influence of the id, believing that the ego acts only out of borrowed energy and acts best as a commander. Sigmund Freud perceived aggression as a universal human behavior. According to Freud, we, humans are unaware of its presence because we are suppressed by the superego. In Erikson’s theory, he explains how the ego is the part of the mind that gives coherence to experiences, conscious or unconscious. Erikson agreed with Freud that the ego is responsible for human behavior and aggression. On the other hand, social learning theorist Albert Bandura suggests that behavior is learned through observation either accidentally or on purpose. This paper examines how Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of the Ego compares and contrast to Bandura’s social learning theory.
Freud's often-controversial psychoanalysis was an attempt to explain the human psyche (mind) which is comprised of three components: the id, ego, and superego; and the conflict between these components shaped personality (Swanson, 1963, p. 14-16). He believed the ego is responsive to the id that developed at infancy. He also believed that defense mechanisms are unconsciously adopted to protect the ego from anxiety. He was convinced that anxiety was used to warn the ego of potential threats. He focused on internally held forces, including conflicts, biological dispositions, and sexual motivation for his theories (Macintyre, 1963, p. 98-99). He sought to address underlying issues in a person's life, and personal cha...
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.
The first feature, the id, feature of personality is the most common and everlasting element that exists since birth. It is completely unconsciousness and consists of natural and original behavior. As it is the main element of personality, id is considered the main source of psychic energy. According to Freud id is compelled by pleasure principle, which attempts for immediate satisfaction of desires and needs. It will result in a state of anxiety or strain if the needs are not satisfied immediately. Secondly, the ego is a component of personality in charge of dealing with reality. As stated by Freud, the ego progresses from Id and confirms the desires of the id, articulated in an acceptable manner in real life. The main function of ego is to handle conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind. It helps to satisfy needs of id in a socially suitable way. Besides, it supports to release tension with assistance of a process where an object found in reality is created by id’s p...