Investigating the Size of Craters in Sand when a Marble is Dropped into the Sand from Different Heights

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Investigating the Size of Craters in Sand when a Marble is Dropped into the Sand from Different Heights

* Metal container

* Sand

* Marble

* 1 metre rulers

* 30cm ruler

Method

* First of all I collected all the equipment I needed.

* Next I put the tub of sand next to the wall and leaned the ruler

up against the wall resting on the sand.

* I then took the marble and dropped it into the sand from different

heights.

* After each drop I took my 15cm ruler, measured the diameter of

each crater and then smoothed the surfaced the surface of the sand

out.

* I then recorded my results and from the diameter I worked out the

area of each crater.

* I repeated this experiment three times.

Variables

* Height dropped

* Size of marble

* Type of sand

* Amount of sand

The variables that I will keep the same are the size of the marble,

the type of sand and the amount of sand. The variable I will change is

the height at which the marble is dropped. I believe that this will

give me the best results.

Prediction

I believe that the greater the height from which the marble is dropped

the greater the area of the crater in the sand will be. I also believe

that at a certain height and above the crater in the sand will stay

the same.

Theory behind Prediction

When an object is falling it builds up more and more speed due to

acceleration. The more speed it builds up the more force it builds up.

When the object hits a surface the force is used up on the surface.

The higher the height from which a marble is dropped the bigger ...

... middle of paper ...

... sand the more sand it is able to push away therefore making a bigger

crater. My other prediction saying ‘after a certain height from which

the marble was being dropped the area of the crater would stay the

same’ was correct because when a free-falling object first sets off it

has much more force accelerating it than resistance slowing it down.

As the speed increases the resistance builds up. This gradually

reduces the acceleration until eventually the resistance force is

equal to the accelerating force and then it won’t be able to

accelerate anymore. This means it will have reached its terminal

velocity and wont go any faster. This means that the crater will stay

the same from a certain height and above.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Science Coordination Group – Revision Guide for GCSE Double

Science, Physics Higher Level.

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