Investigating the Efficiency of Different Pulley Setups
Aim
In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of five
different pulley setups. These are shown below.
Background on pulleys
A pulley one of the simplest mechanical powers or machines consisting
of a grooved wheel/roller(s) for a cord or string to pass over a
mounted block this is used for lifting a mass or changing direction of
power.
A pulley is a force multiplier, when x number of pulley(s) are setup
with x number of wheel/roller(s), you pull on the rope or string
providing tension, from this an upward force is created to lift a load
because the lower pulley block is supported by two parts of the
rope/string.
Example - there are two pulleys both with one roller each, the mass is
0.5 metres from the ground. The pulley has a velocity of two, you have
to pull the end of the rope twice the distance that the mass is
lifted. To lift the load 0.5 metres off the ground, sections of the
rope/string have to be pulled down a total of one metre.
- 2 side by side pulleys with 2 rollers (Reference name 1A)
- 2 side by side pulleys with 3 rollers (Reference name 1B)
- 2 over and under pulleys with 2 rollers (Reference name 1C)
Unfortunately there is not a specific pulley setup that consists of an
over and under pulley with 2 rollers. However there is one that
consists of 3 rollers therefore I will only use the bottom 2 rollers.
This type of formation is slightly different because there are
different size rollers unlike the side by side pulley setups.
- 2 over and under pulleys with 3 rollers (Reference name 1D)
- 2 side / over and under pulley with 1 roller (Reference name 1E)
The reason I have classed this as both types of formation is because
it has the same characteristics for both.
Diagram 1 (1A) Diagram 2 (1B)
Diagram 3 (1C) Diagram 4 (1D)
2. Now the belt is turning. This makes the secondary clutch turn, which causes the track to turn and the snowmachine to move forward.
Braham, Jones. “Keep Your Eye on the Bat.” Machine Design 63.13(1997). 29 Mar. 2002 http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org
...rn, M., Ramroth, L., & Lovins, A. B. (2008). Transformational trucks: determining the energy efficiency limits of a class-8 tractor-trailer. Rocky Mountain Institute, Snowmass, CO.
Table 1 represents the mass of the block that was used throughout this experiment, which was found to be 0.467kg. In Table 2, the normal force and peak static frictional force were found for the wooden block alone (Table 1) and when it had 500g or 1000g of additional weight. To calculate the normal force, the weight of the block (including the weights added if applicable) was multiplied by gravity. As shown in Table 2, when no additional weight were added to the block, the normal force was 4.58N and the peak static friction was 1.775N. When 500g of weight was added to the block the normal force was 9.48N and the average peak static friction was 3.688N. Then, when 1000g was added to the block the normal force was 14.38N and the average peak static friction was 5.391N. Figure 2 demonstrates the results of the average peak static friction values vs. the normal force,
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In the future, the experiment can be improved by making sure that changes above, if required, are done before the first trial of the first run starts. Another problem was that the 3-step pulley moved slightly every time a trial was conducted. This could be prevented for the future labs by have a 3-step pulley that more resistible to movement. With these improvements, future laboratory might get more accurate results.
Taskforce, M. E. W. (2012, April 1). People: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne. Retrieved 22 May 2014, from http://www.mech.unimelb.edu.au/people/staff.php?person_ID=188333
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The first thing my group did was confirm our method of taking data and who would be doing it as well as defining out independent and dependent variables. Since we would be directly controlling the net force we made that our independent variable which left the acceleration as our dependent variable because it was a factor that varying as a result of our net force. We weighed our cart with every single mass in it along with the string and the hook which turned out to be 1.97kg. We did not add anything else to our system after this to keep the mass of the whole system constant. Our setup was like this: a ramp was sitting on top of the table, parallel to it so it had no slant. On one end of the ramp, a pulley was attached. On the other side of the ramp, a motion sensor was set up so it faced directly down the path of the
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