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Urbanisation and its effects on society
Urbanisation and its effects on society
Urbanisation and its effects on society
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Therefore, this part tries to cover those issues and seeks to answer how people affected rapid growth of post-war Japan.
Rapid growth period has experienced various changes in Japanese society. From urbanization to educational improvement, from women’s workplace to environmental degradation, from family structure to technological products Japanese have both enjoyed and suffered during the rapid growth period starting within mid- 1950s and continuing until 1970s. One of the social mobility was migration from rural areas to urban which concluded with over-population of urban areas and oppositely starting point of de- population of rural areas. The outcomes of this development were increasing pollution in cities, decreasing agricultural production because of migration of farmers to cities, unavoidable congestion phenomena such as traffic jams, and a shortage of urban infrastructure. (Welfare and Capitalism, in Post-war Japan) Those were products of post-war rapid growth in Japan. Places like Tokyo had been suffered these factors. However, industrialization intensified around cities and caused to emerge air and water pollution which directly affected people who lived in those regions. As a final, many disasters occurred during those times which pushed the government to take measures in order to halt pollution as a consequence of rapid industrialization. (I do not prefer to give statistical data in order not to get drowned with numbers) On the other hand, over- population of cities emerged new things in the cities like suburban regions (slums) and commuter rail lines. Additionally, this de- population of rural areas during post- war economic recovery would lead to emerge campaign in 1980s and 1990 such as ‘village revival’ and ‘hom...
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...n and diseases. Water and air pollution as consequence of rapid industrialization led to increase disease in Japan during rapid growth period.
In conclusion, I tried to explain what experienced in Japan during the first years of rapid economic growth in terms of its social consequences. According to my argument, I tried to show imbalances which occurred with economic development in post- war Japan. In other words, economic development cannot appear as linear social development. Post- war Japan has witnessed positive and negative social consequences after implementing economic recovery. Therefore, we can say that society cannot always embrace economic development positively. Economic transformation brings its own waves and thus society fluctuates regarding its embracement. Japanese society received its share with this economic recovery during post- war period.
Japanese revolts ensue with the opening of Japan to the Western World. The middle and lower classes wanted Japan to be open while the conservative daimyo did not. Both of these groups looked to the emperor for a decision. The shogunate, reliant on the isolation, collapsed under pressures caused by outsid...
Within a short period of time, Japan had caught up with many Western technologies; having established universities, founded telegraph and railroad lines, as well as a national postal system being created. Shipping and textile industries were a huge success an exports rose.
The Japanese society can be portrayed as essentially having no classes since there is a small group of elite and underclass that encompass the numerous middle class. Social differences exist between rural folks and urban residents in terms of family composition, education and participation in the labor force. The social difference in urban setting exists between white collar middle class and blue collar industrial workers and the self-employed artisans (Japan social influence 2014:6).
During the 1600s, the Dutch were the only ones trading with Japan. Not only did they trade goods, but they also spread ideas, including machines that would allow an industrial revolution to occur. While Britain and Japan were major contributors, the biggest contributor, and still today, is China. China’s industrial revolution didn’t occur till much later, starting in the 1960s. Before this, they had very steady production of goods and a fair amount of innovations. Many of their inventions mirrored European technology, such as the water wheel. People didn’t realize how big of an issue this was at the time. Big manufacturers only cared about making money. To them, the pollution was only a minor inconvenience. Only when it would become a big problem is when they started to care. And the signs that it was becoming a big problem were very apparent. Dumping of waste into rivers cause constant outbreaks of cholera and typhoid. These disease weren;t only caused by water but also by the air. All of the smog got into people’s lung, giving way to lung cancer. The smog also created acid rain, which is a very dangerous precipitation that can cause buildings to
In the late nineteenth century, Japan’s economy began to grow and industrialize. Because of the scarcity of natural resources in Japan, they relied on imported materials from other countries. In September 1940, the United States placed an embargo on Japan by outlawing exports of steel, iron, and aviation fuel, because Japan took over north...
Moreover, the context in which this book was written demonstrates that Japan is going through the financial affluence as well as the greatest boom since it is during the postwar period, much of the financial affluence had been caused by the consumerism in Japan. The author seem to be biased on this theme, despite the benefits consumerism has had on Japan, Yoshimoto goes ahead to give it a negative
WriteWork contributors. "The impact of World War 1 on Japanese development in the early 20th century" WriteWork.com. WriteWork.com, 05 January, 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Japan has, and continues to struggle in, one party dominance by the L.D.P party, gender equality, Japanese political media, state elections, and imbalanced democratic areas in specific regions of the state, resulting in the Japanese “Iron Triangle”. But with all this being said, the Japan that existed prior to the seven years of occupation, and pre-World War II, compared to the Japan post occupation, is
Imperialism has not only influenced colonial territories to better themselves or to further the mother country’s realm of power, it also had a significant impact on the people’s culture, education, environment, and political systems. Japan and Britain were two imperial systems that countered each other in many facets but also had strikingly similar qualities that had helped them become strong imperial powers that needed one another to continue their position amongst others.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transport, and technology had a profound effect in North America. The industrial revolution marked a major turning point in history because it changed every aspect of life in America and the country as a whole. People started replacing ploughs and other tools for machines that could do twice the work. While others moved to large cities and started working in factories and other businesses. Huge industries such as the textile, steel, and coal industry came out and had a profound effect on the industrial revolution but, they would not have been extremely successful if it was not for railroads. The railroads played a vital role in the development and success of other industries. The railroads triggered the biggest leap in transportation in history. Through technological and entrepreneurial innovations and the creation of steam-powered locomotives, the development of trains as public carriers of passengers and freight, brought forth the railroad. The railroad industry changed the nature of production because it became an important energy source that replaced human and animal power. Due to the important role of the railroads, workers became more productive, items were being shipped more quickly, and resources were becoming available to everyone including the working and middle class and not only the wealthy. The railroads became to be known as one of the biggest leaps of transportation in history. This is because it set up the next fifty years of America’s prosperity. The railroads became extremely popular and useful during the 1800’s to millions of people and other large companies. Although there were many indu...
The 21st Century has witnessed Asia’s rapid ascent to economic prosperity. As economic gravity shifts from the Western world to the Asian region, the “tyranny of distance [between states, will be] … replaced by the prospects of proximity” in transnational economic, scientific, political, technological, and social develop relationships (Australian Government, 1). Japan and China are the region’s key business exchange partners. Therefore these countries are under obligation to steer the region through the Asian Century by committing to these relationships and as a result create business networks, boost economic performance, and consequently necessitate the adjustment of business processes and resources in order to accommodate each country’s employment relations model (Wiley, Wilkinson, & Young, 2005). Cognizant of the fact that neither Japan nor China has given up on its external (protectionism or parity) adjustment tools, it is posited that they can nonetheless coexist since both “produce different things and in different ways” and as such avoid the cited perilous US and Mexico competition; but due to globalization, the operating environment portends a convergence or divergence of Industrial Relation (ER) strategies between China and Japan (Lipietz, 1997; Zhu & Warner, 2004).
If one strips the story to its generalities rather than specifics, it is easy to relate this to World War II through the attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent actions. Japan had relatively recently entered onto the world stage and faced issues that plagued other youthful nations. Japan required expansion to feed its growing populace. The easies...
...high power status, Japan had to have a self-reliant industrial common ground and be able to move all human and material resources (S,195). Through the Shogun Revolution of 1868, the abolition of Feudalism in 1871, the activation of the national army in 1873, and the assembly of parliament in 1889, the political system of Japan became westernized (Q,3). Local Labor and commercial assistance from the United States and Europe allowed Japan’s industry to bloom into a developed, modern, industrial nation (Q,3). As a consequence production surplus, and food shortage followed (Q,3). Because of how much it relied on aid of western powers, Japan’s strategic position became especially weak. In an attempt to break off slightly from the aid of the west Japanese leaders believed that it would be essential for Japan to expand beyond its borders to obtain necessary raw materials.
During the Meiji period (1870), Japanese government drastically increased tax rate in order to gain revenue. As the chain reaction, landlords in Japan started to demand larger portion of rice from their tenants, which led to tenants’ inability to pay the rent. Therefore, many of these tenants’ wives and daughters were sent to textile mills as a form of their rent. Later on, population in Japan started to grow rapidly, which lessen the farmable areas in Japan. Additionally, the younger generation who preferred other occupations did not really like the farming practice, further decreasing population of farmers in Japan. Althoug...
O'Bryan, Scott. 2009. Growth Idea : Purpose and Prosperity in Postwar Japan. University of Hawaii Press, 2009. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed December 4, 2011).