I. Introduction
A. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the process of manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish, and then transferring the embryo to the uterus. The fertilized egg is cultured for 2–6 days, then implanted.
B. During IVF too many embryos may get implanted and will cause multiple babies to develop, causing health problems such as low birth weight and premature delivery. People feared the babies would be deformed and will destroy natural structures.
C. IVF should be allowed to be used without controversy because IVF has a good success rate during the cycles. Everyone who wants a family deserves the right to fertility treatments when they cannot conceive naturally. Babies will not be rejected from society or cause families to fall apart.
II.
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Argument #1
A. During IVF to many embryos may get implanted and cause multiple babies to develop, causing health problems such as low birth weight and premature delivery
B. Couples have the option to implant a single embryo or multiple to increase the chance of pregnancy, if multiple babies are conceived it is the couples fault for having too many embryos implanted during one cycle.
C. “People get so desperate to get pregnant they just put more back in,” “It’s hard to look at the long term when all you can think of in the short term is achieving a pregnancy.” (Rose Egge "Parents say they regret In vitro twins, stir up controversy")
D. “Anyone who doesn’t want to have twins has choices,” (Rose Egge "Parents say they regret In vitro twins, stir up controversy")
E. IVF should be allowed to be used without controversy because everyone deserves a family at some point and they have the option to limit multiples from developing in a cycle by only putting one embryo in the uterus oppose to manly embryos.
III. Argument #2
A. Some people may suggest doctors will create Sick or malformed babies, other say it is inherently unnatural and wrong, and will destroy social
In “Jennifer and Rachel,” Lee M. Silver argues that reproductive cloning is permissible to those who encourage it, as opposed to those who reject it and don’t want to run the risk of how they’ll look in the eyes of society. Jennifer, an independent, career driven woman, believes that the best way to have a baby of her own at her age is by cloning. Silver’s description of the cloning procedure is done by retrieving cells from the willing adult; preparing the cells for merging into unfertilized eggs, and then the embryos that develop successfully will be introduced to the uterus of the willing adult. Jennifer partakes in the cloning procedure and it was successful. Nine months later, on March 15, 2050, Rachel was born.
Recent high profile cases, films and books all around the world including the UK, Australia and the United States have brought to the public’s attention a new type of IVF. ‘Embryo Selection’ meaning ‘Embryos are fertilised outside the body and only those with certain genes are selected and implanted in the womb.’ Henceforth meaning that doctors are now able to select specific embryo’s and implant them into the mother of who may have another sick child in order to gain genetic material such as bone marrow which will match the ill-fated child and therefore hopefully be able to save their life. Creating a ‘saviour sibling’. ‘A child conceived through selective in vitro fertilization as a potential source of donor organs or cells for an existing brother or sister with a life-threatening medical condition’ a definition given by Oxford Dictionaries (1.0). Cases of this are happening all around the globe and many are highly documented about. The most famous case could be noted as in the fictional book of ‘My Sisters Keeper’ By Jodi Picoult. I will further discuss this throughout my dissertation and how books and films can affect the view on certain ethical subjects. Furthermore, I am also going to discuss a range of factors such as certain religious beliefs and the physical creation of saviour siblings compared to the creation of designer babies. Strong views are held by many both for and against the creation of saviour siblings.
Twenty years ago, twin births were radically lower, with twins being more frequent than other multiple births. With technology becoming more advanced and people who normally have problems becoming pregnant can use in vitro fertilization, people delaying motherhood, and survival rate increasing; having twin children is not as rare as it was thought to be in the past. Twin birth rates have increased 42% from 1980 to 1994 (Lytton, Singh, & Gallagher, 1995).
For many years, infertile couples have had difficulty facing the reality that they can not have children. According to Nidus Information Services Incorporated, 6.2 million women in the United States are infertile. This problem leads to many options. A few options have been used for a long period of time: the couple could adopt a child or keep trying to have a child themselves. For those couples that want to have their own children, there are new options arising. In vetro fertilization is an option that gives couples the chance to have a doctor combine the male's sperm and the woman's eggs in a petri dish and implant them into the woman's womb after the artificial conception. This may result in multiple pregnancies - more than five in some cases. This does not only occur in implantation, however. Many times the patient's doctor will ask her to consider selective reduction: aborting a few fetuses to save the ones she can. In a case of multiple pregnancy, selective reduction should be considered an option.
IVF does have its pros, but for some couples the cons could possibly outweigh these benefits. According to BabyCenter.com, some pros are things such as successful track record, no link to cancer, and improved techniques. But the list of cons seem to outweigh these pros by a few negative factors such as: price, time consuming, IVF not working, and potential complications for the baby and mother during delivery (BabyCenter). Clearly some of these cons are easily fixed by family help or the couple’s salary, but for almost all middle class soon-to-be mothers, this procedure will put a dent in their daily lifestyles. Just for my IVF procedure, my parents spent around $25,000. They had to sell their house and downgrade to a much smaller one, but also were lucky enough to receive financial help from my grandparents, because they were just as passionate of this procedure as were my parents. If a couple can see past the cons, and agree that the pros outweigh them, then IVF is a procedure for them. Among the pros is the success rate, which is seemingly very different depending on age groups. According to American Pregnancy Association (2012), the success rates differ per age group. For example: under the age of 35 is 41%-43%, age 35-37 is 33%-36%, age 38-40 is 23%-27%, and lastly above the age of 40 is 13%-15% (AmericanPregnancy, 2012). Although the numbers for the younger ages seem low, there are far more success stories than not. These age gaps prove that the older the female, the harder it is to conceive. If the success rate is that low for women over 40, imagine the success rate for women 60-65 years or older. Therefore, in order to prevent females above the age of 60-65 to follow through with an IVF procedure in the future, government needs to intervene now before the option is
When going through IVF there are steps each person or couple have to take. “First, fertility medications are prescribed to the woman to stimulate egg production. Multiple eggs are preferred since some eggs will not develop or fertilize after retrieval. Some side effects of fertility medications can be headaches, mood swings, abdominal pain, hot flashes and bloating.” (American Pregnancy)
...o believe that there is no difference with throwing away left over embryos from IVF than there is using cloned embryos for research. If the cloning of embryos for biomedical research is not accepted, then I believe that IVF should be performed so that only one egg is fertilized at a time. This would completely eliminate any embryos that are being discarded by the IVF clinics.
When it comes to abortion I believe that it should always be left up to the woman to make the decision on whether to keep her baby or not. Having a baby is no eas...
IVF are designed to stimulate the ovaries to produce several eggs rather than the usual single egg as in a natural cycle. Multiple eggs increase the potential availability of multiple embryos for transfer and ultimately increase the probability of conception. The most healthy ones are chosen for implantation while the others are frozen for possible later use, or destroyed outright. Biologically, a human embryo is a living human being at its earliest stage of development. If the couples do not really need IVF to create a life, the destruction of embryos in the
The addition of a child into a family’s home is a happy occasion. Unfortunately, some families are unable to have a child due to unforeseen problems, and they must pursue other means than natural pregnancy. Some couples adopt and other couples follow a different path; they utilize in vitro fertilization or surrogate motherhood. The process is complicated, unreliable, but ultimately can give the parents the gift of a child they otherwise could not have had. At the same time, as the process becomes more and more advanced and scientists are able to predict the outcome of the technique, the choice of what child is born is placed in the hands of the parents. Instead of waiting to see if the child had the mother’s eyes, the father’s hair or Grandma’s heart problem, the parents and doctors can select the best eggs and the best sperm to create the perfect child. Many see the rise of in vitro fertilization as the second coming of the Eugenics movement of the 19th and early 20th century. A process that is able to bring joy to so many parents is also seen as deciding who is able to reproduce and what child is worthy of birthing.
Consult the textbook, Chapter 5. Write a coherent document in which you answer the following questions. What is the Paradox of Harm? Apply it to creation of babies by IVF or cloning.
Test tube babies have long been stigmatized by society as the unnatural results of scientific dabbling. The words `test tube baby' have been used by school children as an insult, and many adults have seen an artificial means of giving birth as something perhaps only necessary for a lesbian woman, or a luxury item only available to the elite few. The reality is that assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been helping infertile couples have children since 1978.1 The methods of in vitro fertilization, it's variants, and the other ART procedures are ways for persons that would otherwise have no hope of conception to conceive and, in a rapidly growing percentage of cases, give birth to healthy babies. As the technology has developed, the quality and range of assistance has developed as well. At present, the means of assisted reproduction and the capabilities of these procedures has grown at a somewhat dizzying pace. However, thought to the repercussions of the applications of ART are being disregarded to some extent while the public's knowledge and the understanding of embryologists and geneticists surges forward. It is possible given consideration to things such as the morality of these techniques, the unexplored alternative uses of these procedures, and the potential impact they posses that further development is unnecessary and possibly dangerous.
An important scientific argument for IVF is that, by studying fertilization and early embryonic development outside the womb, scientists might learn more about how to prevent certain birth defects (1). This proves that IVF could actually make improvements in medical advances, especially in regards to prenatal care. This is just one example of how IVF can actually be beneficial to the community. The only times that babies are malformed or sick are when the mother puts more than one baby in her uterus. Multiple fetuses increase the chance of birth defects because they have a greater chance of preterm birth, which is associated with long-term health. The long-term illnesses are cerebral palsy, mental illness, and blindness (Reddy 1). With this in mind, having single births is very safe and those babies are still healthy today, just like Sarah and Maggie Marshall’s baby. Single births are also very highly recommended by medical personnel. Going back to the first test tube baby the Browns were expecting, and Steptoe (the doctor) thought that this baby would be a failure. When they did a cesarean on July 25, 1978, a beautiful baby girl was born at 5 pounds and 12 ounces. After the baby was born, the doctor recalled that
Stevens, John, and Nazia Parveen. "I've Been Refused IVF Because My Fiance Is Already a Father, Reveals Heartbroken Woman." Mail Online. N.p., 1 Nov. 2013
All things considered, abortion will always be a controversial issue in which there will always be a debate on; however, it is crucial for women to have other options rather than to only be able to have children that they cannot afford, or to allow more children to be placed in an adoption system that can essentially prevent them from having a full and happy life. It is atrocious to keep forcing people to endure unwanted pregnancies that may cause them to turn to unsafe abortion methods if their reproductive rights are abolished.