CHAPTER III COLOR DESCRIPTION AND EXTRACTION 3.1 INTRODUCTION Image retrieval is the process of handling large volume of image database in order to achieve the efficiency in identifying similar images over the retrieved results. In Image retrieval, a choice of various techniques is used to represent images for searching, indexing and retrieval with either supervised or unsupervised learning models. The color feature extraction process consists of two parts: grid based representative of color selection [B.S.Manjunath, 2001] and discrete cosine transform with quantization. Color feature extraction is a very compact and resolution invariant representation of high speed image retrieval systems and it has been designed to efficiently represent the …show more content…
HSx color space contains the HSI, HSV, HSB color spaces, that is most similar to human color perception in which HS stands for Hue and Saturation. I, V, and B stand for Intensity, Value, and Brightness, respectively. In this regard, Hue describes the actual wavelength of the color, Saturation is the measure of the purity of the color (For example, red is 100% saturated color, but pink is not 100% saturated color because it contains an amount of white) and the Intensity describes the lightness of the color [Tsang P.W.M., Tsang W.H., …show more content…
In particular, given a set of n vectors, k-means clustering groups them into k clusters (i.e., subsets) in such a way that each vector belongs to the cluster with the closest mean [Suman Tatiraju and Avi Mehta, 1997]. The problem is computationally NP-hard, and suboptimal greedy algorithms have been developed for k-means clustering. In feature learning, k-means clustering can be used to group an unlabeled set of inputs into k clusters, and then use the centroids of these clusters to produce features. These features can be produced in several ways. The simplest way is to add k binary features to each sample, where each feature j has value one ith and jth centroid learned by k-means is the closest to the sample under
700 0.03 0.01 0 0 0.028. 720 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.02 0. Figure 2: The absorption spectrum shows how absorbent the photosynthetic pigments are at different wavelengths of light. Note: Green light is between 500 to 570 nm and red light is between 630 to 720 nm.
A spectrum is a group of light wavelengths that are ordered in relation to their wavelength length. The electromagnetic spectrum consists radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. (1)Specifically, this lab looks at the visible light part of the spectrum because one of the colors in the visible light spectrum is shine through the sample. The visible light spectrum consists of colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The color chosen to be shine through the sample is affected by the color of sample when mixed with the indicator Ammonium Vanadomolybdate (AMV). The color on the color wheel that is opposite of the solution’s color is the color that is shined through the
Colors of cretin things can appear different at some situations. For example, blood as we know it is red, that color that you see through your eyes of the blood in our veins is “red” but underwater, at 30 feet underneath the surface your blood turns, or rather appears green due to the light bouncing off of it is much less than it is at the surface as mentioned in the article “Did you know that your blood is green underwater?” by Fun Facts (see Article 2). These examples got me interested from the class discussions we had and how the philosophers viewed sense perception and the kind of thought they had of
Erik Erikson was heavily influenced by Freud but while Freud was an ID psychologist, Erikson was an ego psychologist. Erikson stressed that the development of the ego depended heavily on personal and social aspects. “According to Erikson, the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for the future” (McLeod, S. 1970). His theory focused on personality development through eight distinct stages. He believed that personality progressed in a stacking or pre-determined manner, this is referred to as the epigenetic principle. One must
The input of algorithm is Data points with n features and the number of clusters given by K. Initially K centroids are assigned randomly. The points in the dataset are assigned to a cluster based on Euclidean distance.
Against a bleak backdrop, U.S troops stand thrusting an American flag into the grey skies. The shards of wreckage at their feet speak of the arduous journey these soldiers had taken to reach the summit of the mountain. Despite the grim setting on the ground, the American flag waves on in a perfect manner swaying along with the wind gusts. As a photograph taken by Joe Rosenthal in 1945, this image of U.S troops raising a flag in Iwo Jima during World War II served as a symbol of hope and victory for the American public during the gruesome end to war. The photograph earned Rosenthal a Pulitzer Prize, and showed the extant of the power of a photograph to elicit emotion from an audience. These emotions have the ability to affect ones’ perception towards what the photograph is depicting. However, if these photographs can produce an emotional response, is it possible for them to steer the perception of the audience in a desired direction? If so, is there a way for one to sift through the possible propaganda?
Color can be viewed based on three different dimensions. The Munsell color system classifies colors based on hue, value, and chroma. Hue describes the color family or underlying tone (e.g., green, blue, red). Value describes the brightness or darkness on the scale on zero to ten, zero being white and ten being black. Chroma describes the saturation or vividness of a color. The appearance of teeth is affected in three ways by whitening. First, whitening reduces the amount of chroma in the tooth—the pigment or intensity of color is reduced. Second, whitening changes the hue, or color, or the teeth. Thirdly, whitening changed the value of the teeth.
...means and become familiar with K-means clustering and its usage. Then, we finish this part by different method of clustering. The K-nearest- neighbors is also discussed in this chapter. The KNN is simple for implication, programming, and one of the oldest techniques of data clustering as well. There are many applications existing for KNN and it is still growing. The PCA also discussed in this chapter as a method for dimension reduction, and then discrete wavelet transform is discussed. For the next chapter the combination of PCA and DWT, which can be useful in de-noising, come about. In this study, we have examined the neural network structure and modeling that is most of usage these days. The backpropagation is one of the common methods of training neural networks and for the last model, we discussed autoregressive model and the strategies to choose a model order.
This reflective essay will lay emphasis on one of the learning needs I have developed during my two week taster placement in hospital. Reflection helps an individual build upon their skills and makes room for self-criticism as he or she can contemplate upon actions and make relevant changes (Taylor, 2000). I will be applying the “What”, “So what” and “Now what” model of reflection by Driscoll (2000) in this piece of work because it is a more coherent and comprehensible approach to follow when writing a reflective account and is also an easier guide to writing reflections. The learning need I chose to reflect on from my learning plan is having a better understanding of diabetes and the 6 basic medications used in treating the condition since it is a common illness on the ward I am have been allocated on for my first placement. The timescale set for achieving this objective was by the end of my two week placement that is from 27th January to 9th February and I achieved it with the help of a host of factors. In this assignment, all the names of the patients and wards have been omitted and indicated with letters and numbers for confidentiality reasons as stated in the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct (2008). The paper will primarily touch on the type 2 diabetes and furthermore on the achievement on my learning need.
A spectrum is an image or distribution of colour of any electromagnetic radiation arranged in a progressive series according to wavelength.
Hue is the common name for the colours in the spectrum which are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. A pigment is a colouring ag...
Colors. Colors are grouped according to their wavelengths. Colors with longer wavelengths such as red, orange and yellow are perceived as warm colors. Colors with shorter wavelengths such as blue, purple and green colors are perceived as cool colors. White, grey and black colors as perceived as neutral colors.
Image intensification is the process of converting x-ray into visible light. “Early fluoroscopic procedures produced visual images of low intensity, which required the radiologist's eyes to be dark adapted and restricted image recording. In the late 1940s, with the rapid developments in electronics and borrowing the ideas from vacuum tube technology, scientists invented the x-ray image intensifier, which considerably brightened fluoroscopic images” (Wang & Blackburn, 2000, np). We will explore the image-intensification tube, the various gain parameters associated with the tube, and the magnification mode of the image intensifier.
For so many years I’ve asked myself the question, “what are you going to do with your life?” For a period of time I struggled with this question. Today, I sit staring at my computer, confronting myself, asking my subconscious “what do I want to do for the rest of my life?” Have I finally found the answer I 've been looking for, or am I under the false assumption that this is the right path for me. This semester has been the ultimate opportunity to explore my questions, doubt, issues, and concerns. I feel that by the end of this paper I will have answered all these questions, and will have made the best decision for my future.
This lesson is designed to review and reinforce a few important concepts about plants (e.g. Needs, parts, sequence of planting) and to also guide the students through applying a few scientific inquiry (e.g. Making observations, experimentation, discussion, reflection, reporting results etc.). The students have previously planted corn and bean seeds and today’s lesson has provided the students a chance to see the results of the planted corn and bean seeds. Additionally, seeds have been planted under and growing under the following conditions: without water, and without soil. The students see the results of these seeds planted under these conditions for the past week. Two plants in particular have already been grown their growth has been