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Adventures of ibn battuta summary
Adventures of ibn battuta summary
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Ibn Battuta, or Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Lawati al-Tanji, was a practicing Muslim in the 14th century CE (or the 8th century H) and a voracious traveler who, at the age of twenty-two, felt prompted by the encouragement of the Quran to embark upon many journeys into not only the Muslim world, but also into such foreign regions as China, Russia, and India. He began his lifelong travels in 1325, with the intention of completing one of the five pillars of Islam: the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca, known as Hajj “and to visit the Prophet Muhammad’s tomb at al-Madinah” . On his original pilgrimage to Mecca from Tangier in Morocco, he stopped in Cairo, Jerusalem, and Damascus, locations where his legal expertise …show more content…
For example, while journeying through northwest Africa and Egypt, Ibn Battuta becomes aware of the capture of two significant Islamic strongholds in Spain, leaving Christendom “almost in command of the Straits”; in response, Ibn Battutah laments at the expansion of Christendom, exclaiming, “may God repair the breach that Islam has suffered thereby” . Conversely, while stopping in Latakiya, the city containing Dair al-Farus—the largest monastery in Syria and Egypt—Ibn Battuta paints the Christians settled there as gracious, welcoming hosts; he states that “Every Muslim who stops there is entertained by the Christians [whose] food is bread, cheese, olives,…and capers” . Furthermore, in the primarily Christian city of Constantinople, Ibn Battuta and his party were warmly welcomed once more; at one point, Ibn Battuta expressed great surprise that Turks, even important Christian monks, believed so ardently “in the merits of one who, though not of their religion, had entered…” places of great Christian …show more content…
He introduces the Chinese as infidels who “worship idols and burn their dead like the Indians do.” He draws attention to the fact that there is segregation between the Muslims and Chinese, explaining that the Muslims live in quarters of the cities that are separate from the rest of it, where there are “mosques for their Sunday prayers and other assemblies.” However, he also praises the Chinese—the merchants especially—who, though they “live in an infidel country…are delighted when a Muslim arrives among them. They say, ‘He has come from the land of Islam’, and give him the legal alms due on his property so that he becomes as rich as one of them.” He also spends several pages praising the beauty of Chinese architecture and commending the ingenuity of its people; however, he ultimately states that, “China, for all its magnificence, did not please me. I was deeply depressed by the prevalence of infidelity and when I left my lodging I saw many offensive things which distressed me so much that I stayed at home and went out only when it was
He stated his opinion in the beginning of chapter 9, which was about Chinese, “based on the steady observation of years, that all attempts to make an effective Christian of John Chinaman will remain abortive in this generation; of the next I have, if anything, less hope” (92). Even though Chinese people accepted Christianity and put American clothes, or there was no filth and poverty in Chinatown not like Jewtown, Riis could not grant Chinese. Obviously, they sold herbs, teas, groceries, and took washing as their work; neatness was the mark of Chinatown. Their life seemed better than that of Jewish apparently, however, Chinese people were addicted to smoke opium as Caucasians smoked tobacco and also gambling instead of working. They just would rather gamble than eat any day (95) and even the newspaper in the town dealt with the topics about gambling, which might be one of the reasons why Riis did not trust Chinese. While Chinese men were addicted to gamble and opium, only few women could be seen in the town, especially, no Chinese women with almond eyes were there. Women in the street were all white, which was weird, but they were basically addicted to opium as well as Chinese men and enslaved by them and opium itself both body and soul. Although police recognized them as quietest people among many ethnics, Rills claimed “they are a constant and terrible menace to society, wholly regardless of their
Shah begins with the mapping of Chinatown as an immigrant enclave by investigations of health authorities. These investigations provided descriptions of filthy and unsanitary living conditions. The results of the health investigations led to descriptions that would found the body of “knowledge” that Chinese immigrants and their unhygienic habits were the source of epidemic diseases. Chinese social behavior was pointed to as the cultural cause of medical menaces. Chinese immigrants were compared to farm animals and depicted as
Although his parents had no previous knowledge of America’s society, they were able to learn from watching films and reading books. When Liu was born, they decided it was a good idea for him to adapt to this new environment that may benefit his life with better opportunities that the culture provides. Some of these opportunities involved independence and a luxurious lifestyle that they thought was different than the Chinese culture. Liu took pride in believing that he was considered an Asian American when he perceives himself as a unique individual coming from two different cultures. He learns about the daily lives of white people and eventually made friends who were able to support and teach him to fit in with the society. During his life in America, Liu faced struggles and tries to overcome them by learning how to get along with white people, using the social-class to help him make connections with other white people, and getting involved with his internship which provided a good career opportunity while becoming an upper class person. Overall, Liu’s success in achieving his goals of individuality, career opportunities, and lifestyle as well as understanding himself about his Asian American
As an Arab(Muslim) living in the US, I perfectly recognize what it is to be a member of a minority group. However, I am quite intrigued by the idea of studying the Chinese Christian subculture within the United States. This project will involve studying existing literature on the given subculture – which is Chinese Christian community within the US. In most cases, subcultures are closed knit and members like associating with members of their communities; understandably because of the need to belong and find closeness with one another. Nonetheless, Christianity amongst Chinese immigrants in the United States brings forth the idea of present-day assimilation, religious conversion, and so forth. In order to ensure this project is completed successfully, there will be different methods of collecting information other than studying existing literature – by experts in the field. Most notably, there will be interviews with members of the subculture being studied to get first-hand information on the experiences of the group in the US.
At the beginning of his journey, he decides to not travel with a caravan, this proves to be a good thing for him, as along his journey, he is continually meeting rich and pious people who give him camels, horses, donkeys, money, food, drink, and places to lodge. This is a custom of the muslim faith to give gifts to travelers. His journey first began in the Middle East, then venturing out to sea to Makkah, where his ship was attacked by pirates and he had to continue the journey to Makkah on foot. Then Ibn Battuta crossed the vast Arabian Desert to reach modern day Iraq and Iran, he stayed briefly then took another ship to Tanzania in East Africa. He eventually ended up going to India where he was warmly greeted by Sultan of Dehli, who was also known as the Shadow of God.
During the interval of time between the years 1000 A.D. and 1400 A.D., a multitude of events referring to cultural exchange transpired. In the given documents, In the sense that the Silk Road was brought under the rule of the Mongols, people felt that is was now safe to travel through the Asian continent. Most people would sometimes come all the way from Europe. A multitude of these people were merchants, missionaries, or travelers. They carried along with them goods, news, or cultures from the corners of the then ‘known’ world. These are people who contemplated a multitude of sights on their journeys, which usually ended in China or Cathay. These given documents state the many dissimilarities in politics, social status, religion, and economics which all affected the cultural exchange.
Although fiction, the book Safely Home written by Randy Alcorn is a very authentic story based on real characters. The Chinese culture is exhibited in a very proper way. This book consists of a powerful story which focuses mainly on the persecution of Christians in China. Although not every follower of Christ lives in China and not every Christian is persecuted the way that Li Quan, his family and other fellow believers were persecuted, the morals and examples can be applied to any Christian’s life. Since the story takes place in today’s time period, the scenario is even that much more relatable to any present Christian 's life. Awareness is a message spread throughout the book, Christians should be more informed on the details of persecution
Throughout the book, Aikman puts an emphasis and commends China on its increasing growth in the Christian community despite militant communism. He continues to discuss the structures of the positions within the clandes...
Similarly, Wong also grew up in America with a traditional Chinese mother. In contrast, Wong’s upbringing involves her mother forcing her into attending two different schools. After her American school day, Wong continues on with Chinese school to learn both cultures. Her mother felt it was her duty to “[. . .] learn the language of [her] heritage” (Wong 144). This puts a burden on Wong as she starts to despise the Chinese culture.
A nativist minister during the 1870’s gave this testimony during a Congressional hearing on Chinese immigration, “Coolieism, with very slight exceptions, leaves the Chinese just what they were in their native land, with all their idolatry, immorality, vice, and heathen customs, habits, dress, tastes, prejudices, and most unacquirable language a large, distinct class of people, adverse to all that is American.
Ibn Battutah was a Moroccan scholar who traveled to different regions in Asia and Africa. Throughout 1325 to 1354 C.E he traversed the regions of Asia and Africa. Ibn Battutah decided after his second pilgrimage to Mecca, he would travel on the road. He documented each of the travels he did on his journey. He wrote down his experiences, his thoughts, the diverse individuals he met, the customs of the different countries and regions he visited, and the overall state of the regions he visited. Throughout his travels, Ibn Battutah found the cultures, he visited noteworthy. He was critical of some of the unique cultures as well. Some of the practices of the foreign cultures that Ibn Battutah documented completely differed from some of the customs of his culture. The differences in cultures of the made him critical of the places he visited. After Ibn Battutah returned to Morocco in 1354 after his journey, the Sultan of Morocco requested that Ibn Battutah write an account of his travels. Some of the regions Ibn Battutah traversed through are the desert region of Africa, southern Asia, the eastern coast of Africa, and China.
Chinese people might find naming their religion challenging as it is a mixture of “traditional religion, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism” (Corduan, 2012, p.388). The Chinese Popular Religion continues to evolve and change as the world around it changes and outside influences enter the Chinese culture (Corduan, 2012). Investigation of the Chinese Popular Religion includes its key features, practices, and influences, along with tis role in contemporary China, and how Christians can enhance their interactions.
...nfluence on the daily life of the Chinese people. The recollection of the ancestors, the fear of offending them or soiling their reputations, coupled with the desire to please them, are sources of inspiration, which guide the actions of the descendants. Even for a hardened sinner, to lack respect for the ancestors is the worst offense imaginable. Here is how the intimate thought of the master should be interpreted. Respectful of tradition and of rituals, he did not wish to explain himself fully on this subject. But such should be his thought. The cult of the dead is, in his eyes, the cult of memory, based upon filial piety and the thought of the continuity of the family and of the race. It is in this spirit that still being practiced by the majority of the Oriental world, for whom it is the main religion and takes the place of all preaching revealed or supernatural.
Lindo Jong provides the reader with a summary of her difficulty in passing along the Chinese culture to her daughter: “I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I know these two things do not mix? I taught her how American circumstances work. If you are born poor here, it's no lasting shame . . . You do not have to sit like a Buddha under a tree letting pigeons drop their dirty business on your head . . . In America, nobody says you have to keep the circumstances somebody else gives you. . . . but I couldn't teach her about Chinese character . . . How to know your own worth and polish it, never flashing it around like a cheap ring. Why Chinese thinking is best”(Tan 289).
When people think about Mecca one of the first things that might come to their heads is the pilgrimage or the black stone. Muhammad is one of the reasons that Mecca is what it is today. Muhhamad was a prophet born 570 in Mecca. He was orphaned as a child and sent to ended up living with his uncle. Muhhamad would get away from everything by going to the desert to meditate. One night while alone at Mt. Hira he was visited by an angel named Gabriel. After this Muhhamad began to accept Allah and started to believe. Some of the things Muhhamad believed was Jihad, holy struggle. He also began to believe you live for Allah. He believed all those who did would be rewarded and the rest punished. Not everyone believed the way Muhammad did. People at first thought that his teachings were a threat to the religious and material order. He was accused of making up what the Angel Gabriel had told him. He got followers from the poor and people who thought they were being unequally treated. Muhhamad took these people and then left and went to Medina to find more followers. He then returned to Mecca later and took over the city and converted everyone to Islam.