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The three mile island nuclear case study
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The largest nuclear disaster in American history occurred at Three Mile Island. Measures have been taken to prevent another accident from happening and if one were to happen, they are better prepared to face an emergency. The disaster at Three Mile Island forever changed American nuclear policies. The incident at Three Mile Island started on March 28, 1979 at 4 a.m. about 10 miles away from Harrisburg. A combination of equipment malfunctions, human error, and design related problems all lead to the partial meltdown at the Unit 2 reactor. This would become the worst nuclear plant emergency in the United States. Before 4 a.m., everything had been running normally. Either an electrical or mechanical failure stopped the main feed-water pumps from sending water to the steam generators which remove heat from the reactor core. In response, the plant’s turbine generator and the reactor itself both shut down. The pressure immediately began to increase. “A relief valve had opened in order to control the increased pressure, but instead of closing when pressure fell to proper levels, the valve became stuck open. The staff were not aware that …show more content…
Most people filled their cars with as many of their belongings as their cars could carry while others left with just themselves” (Currie 73). “Many people didn’t bother to lock their houses or to turn off their radiators in the rush. Some people chose to carry on with their lives as best they could while most tried to leave the area. Some people chose a middle ground and decided to wait and see what would happen The Federal Reserve had to ship 7 million dollars to local banks to cover the demand for cash. Super markets ran low on items and gas stations had extremely long lines that went into the streets” (Currie 75). People were all rushing at once to evacuate the
On March 28, 1979, at 4:00 A.M. Eastern time, the worst accident in commercial nuclear power history happened. It was a nice day in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, and then it all happened. This accident was rated a 5 on a scale that only goes to 7. The scale is called International Nuclear Event Scale. It all started inside the secondary-system where the pilot-operated relief valve was stuck open releasing large amounts of nuclear reactor coolant. This horrific accident caused many scientists to worry about nuclear energy, as well as concerning scientists that it could be a danger to the world, so this caused many safety concerns among activists and the general public which resulted in in new regulations for the nuclear industry, and has been cited as a contributor to the decline of a new reactor construction program that was already underway in the 1970s. Even though this sounds like it should have caused many people to develop cancerous cells, epidemiological studies analyzing the rate of cancer in and around the area since the accident, determined there was a small statistically non-significant increase in the rate and thus no causal connection linking the accident with these cancers has been substantiated. After
In March of 1979, just ten miles south of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the Nuclear Power Plant at Three Mile Island Unit 2 came close to nuclear melt down. Despite standards set by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the plant ran for several years prior to the accident under poor conditions. Communication certainly played a role in this near tragedy, as two engineers had foreseen the consequences, but their advice went unheeded. Although most of the economic and social impacts of this incident were minimal, this unpleasant event ended the nuclear power industry in America.
Between 1950 and 1980, the United States has incurred 32 accidents involving nuclear weapons, or Broken Arrows. Fortunately, none of these accidents resulted in a nuclear detonation on U.S. soil. The accident at Monzano Base in Albuquerque, NM on April 11, 1950 was just one of those accidents that could have been avoided. Due to the substantial safety measures in place, this accident, along with others in the United States, did not result in widespread devastation.
In response, The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) took days to establish operations in New Orleans, and lacked a plan of action. Even President George W. Bush seemed oblivious to the severity of what happened, the amount of people stranded or missing, how many buildings were damaged, and how much help was needed. The people remained desperate in their desolated communities as the government seemed to take a relaxed approach to the emergency. In desperation, tens of thousands of people broke into the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center looking to discover a glimmer of hope in the form of food, water, and shelter. Meanwhile, it was nearly impossible to leave New Orleans despite the evacuation that was put in place. Poor people who wished to leave did not have anywhere to go, nor a car to transport them. Others who tried to escape by walking over the Crescent City Connector bridge were rudely met by police with shotguns forcing them to turn back ("Hurricane Katrina."). The controversial reaction was highly publicized, causing officials from federal, state, and local agencies to blame and state accusations. For example, critics blamed an aging and disregarded federal levee system and a slow state and local response following the disaster for the unreasonably high loss of life and damage. Also, residents ignoring initial warnings to leave, strained the effectiveness of the rescue operations (Zimmermann). In defense of the importance of efficient response and evacuation, strong levees will ultimately continue to break because water has no way of escaping the below sea level regions. Evacuation is better because damage will happen anyways, so continuing to build extensive levees is a waste of money and resources. In the event of a major storm, levees will help, but prioritizing evacuation will same more lives. A better evacuation procedure will benefit
For one, response to help these victims was all around slow. Then when they were finally rescued, most people went to the convention center where food was scarce and they did not have any of the necessities that they needed including decent medical equipment. These people were told that buses would be there to get them, but buses never showed up. It took the Mayor making a very angry phone call to get buses there to get these victims and take them somewhere. Even then, though, everyone was just dispersed. Many people were separated from their families. It was extremely disorganized. Later, after New Orleans had reopened, college student Paris Ervin came to discover another way that the government had been neglectful. Before he had arrived, he had gotten in contact with the search and rescue who had told him that there were no bodies found in his house. This caused him to believe that maybe there was a chance his mother had made it out alive after all. However, when he arrived at his house, he found that all the doors were still locked which meant that no one had gone into his house to search for any bodies. Upon further searching, his mother’s body was found underneath the refrigerator in the kitchen. He was not the only one this happened to either. The people involved in the search and rescue, which included people from FEMA, a federal organization, had a system of markings
Hurricane Katrina left a devastating scar on the citizens of the southern coast of the U.S., especially New Orleans, Louisiana. The category 5 hurricane was the costliest natural disaster, as well as one of the most deadly. Katrina hit New Orleans on August 29th, 2005 and after that day, 66,000 people were displaced from their homes. Of those who decided to ride out the storm with hopes of success and survival as they had experienced with other storms, they were found on their rooftops, in their attics, hoping for boat or helicopter rescue, relying on others for help to survive. The storm had reached 28,000 square feet inward to Louisiana, which was 60 percent of the state. 1,100 Louisianans lost their lives, and 200,000 were displaced and/or lost their homes (Davis 8). It was a devastating time of despair and suffering. People were put through experiences that would scar them for a long time. While preparing for evacuation, people left most of their belongings at home to flee to a safer city or to find shelter in the Superdome and Convention Center. Some even decided to remain in their boarded up homes. After the hurricane had past, a few hours went by and a levee located near the Mississippi River canal broke leaving New Orleans flooded (Delisi). After the disaster, the state and federal governments were pointing fingers at each other as to who was to blame for the poorly planned evacuation and rescue efforts for the victims. The state government promised to help evacuate those who could not transport themselves. Citizens were told to go to the Superdome and convention center for evacuation, but the supplies needed for survi...
Chernobyl was the greatest nuclear disaster of the 20th century. On April 26th, 1986, one of four nuclear reactors located in the Soviet Union melted down and contaminated a vast area of Eastern Europe. The meltdown, a result of human error, lapsed safety precautions, and lack of a containment vessel, was barely contained by dropping sand and releasing huge amounts of deadly radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere. The resulting contamination killed or injured hundreds of thousands of people and devastated the environment. The affects of this accident are still being felt today and will be felt for generations to come.
From the first nigh the storm took over the city of Houston many people waited out for the storm to just pass by from their homes. Thousands of people refused to evacuate after the warnings of heavy rains and high rise of waters. Unfortunately, many regret not leaving their homes when they were told to do so. “Now they're having to be rescued,” Alston said. “If we had known it would be like this, I think we would've left.” (Malewitz). The situation became difficult once the rescue team
Katrina, being the third deadliest hurricane in US history, took the lives of around two-hundred-thirty people from Mississippi, fourteen from Florida, and one thousand-five hundred from Louisiana. It was estimated that Katrina took the lives of one-thousand-eight-hundred people in the US. It was also estimated that around one-and-one-half million people were evacuated from New Orleans before the storm blasted its way into the town. One-hundred-thousand people remained in the town and only ten-thousand took shelter in the superdome. The flooding and widespread destruction of Katrina slowed rescue and aid efforts for days which
Government officials warned people that once the storm hit it would be dangerous to go outside. Officials encouraged people not to travel. They ordered people to stay off of the freeways where meteorologists forecasted the storm would hit. The subway system in New York was closed, and all flights in or out of the area were cancelled. Schools and bus...
In 1962, at 11:00:09 pm local time on July 8th, the United States detonated a thermonuclear warhead riding atop a Thor missile at 400 km above Johnston Island at a distance of 826 miles from Honolulu, Hawaii. That night was one that many on the Hawaii Islands would never forget (Berkhouse, 1962). Operation , as the test was code named by the U.S. military, caused the first damage in the United States from an electromagnetic pulse created by a nuclear detonation. Though the damage was not intended or planned, the 1.4-megaton weapon caused “the failure of street-lighting systems, tripping of circuit breakers, triggering of burglar alarms, and damage to a telecommunications relay facility.” (EMP Commission, 2004, p. 4)
1619 was the year of that African American were brought to Jamestown, Virginia. Slaves helped shape America into the nation we have today by helping build the economic foundation of America. It wasn’t until 1775 when Lord Dunmore made a proclamation to emancipate slavery. This was a start of a huge turning point in American history. Also, another huge turning point in history was during the American revolution. These events helped to abolish slavery.
(Nigg, Barnshaw & Torres 2016 p.114) Some flaws with this plan surfaced during Hurricane Katrina, when individuals did not evacuate when they were informed that that was the best way to insure safety. The Louisiana superdome was meant to be a refuge of last resort and was not meant to be the safe haven for over thirty thousand people that it ultimately was. If the initial nine thousand people were the only individuals who were placed in the Superdome they would have been just fine and had enough food and water to last for several more day. However, on August 30th, the levee along the Seventeenth Street Canal was breached, resulting in significant flooding and the relocation of approximately eighteen additional individuals to the Superdome. (Nigg, Barnshaw & Torres 2016 p. 115) This addition of residents resulted in the crisis that is remembered today. Emergency precautions are especially important to have in place in regions of the United States that are susceptible to natural disasters. The responsibility that fell on the residents to evacuate themselves with little assistance from government vehicles is just one example of why evacuation should be a higher priority. Although the residents can be held somewhat responsible for not leaving, the ultimate responsibility lays on the city leaders who
The greatest turning point in US history would be the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is the most important turning point in American history because it has had everlasting repercussions on modern American society. (Also, others might argue that the introduction of slavery in North America was the biggest turning point in American history because of its own repercussions, but the fact is that racism and prejudice have always been a part of human nature and much has been done to phase out this mindset to this day. Not only that, the industrial revolution also aggravated slavery with many inventions like the cotton gin, which caused the skyrocket in production of cotton.) Some of the most noticeable changes that can still be
It was known as the great Alaska earthquake. On March 27, 1964, an earthquake with a magnitude of 9.2 struck the Prince William Sound region of Alaska. This earthquake is the second largest earthquake ever recorded in the world, the first as a magnitude 9.2 in Chile in 1960. In other words, this earthquake released 10 million times more energy than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima Japan. Equally important, this (Abby Lautt) earthquake produced landslides and caused catastrophic damage covering an area of 130,000 square kilometers, which is the entire state of Alaska, parts of Canada and Washington. The earthquake lasted approximately four minutes with eleven substantial after shock occurring over the next 24hrs causing damages in the amount of almost $400,000 and killed 131 people.