How does the temperature of cream affect the amount of butter produced?
Purpose
The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects temperature had on butter production from cream.
Background Information
Dating back nearly ten thousand years, butter has a variety of historical uses, such as fuel, religious ceremonies, “lotion,” and medicine (Dairy Farmers, n.d.). The word itself stems from the Greek word Bou-Tyron which means “cow cheese” (Dairy Farmers, n.d.). In the times of the Neolithic people, butter wasn’t formulated from cow’s milk, but rather sheep, goat, and yak’s milk; to make it, milk was placed in animal skin pouches hung from trees and set out till the movement turned it into butter (The History, 2016). Over time the business of butter making has drastically changed. In England, butter was a luxury because it was made as a byproduct of cheese and only the nobility and royal officials had access to butter (The History, 2016). For every 100 pounds of cheese only 2 pounds of butter are produced. Then for a while it was a woman’s job to stay home and make the dairy products, but as
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This is because more fat molecules make it likely there will be more collisions and therefore a faster reaction. However, too high a concentration will lead to the butter being hard or brittle (Triglyceride, 2012). When you think concentration, milk has a concentration of 4% fat, cream concentrated from milk ordinarily has about 40% fat, and butter, the most concentrated form of milk, has a whopping 80% fat (Triglyceride, 2012)! Comparable to concentration, an increase in temperature affects butter production as well. Inevitably, a higher temperature means increased movement of the butter molecules, therefore the molecules are more likely to collide (Studios, n.d.). The more collisions lead to more combinations and in the end more fat globules (Studios,
... and men of the community would freely pick their jobs without being demanded. Both women and men received an evenly amount of hours. Most of the time the women would be taking care of household chores and the children while the men produced crops and did most of the farming. At one point a man named Lewis Ryckman, suggested a business of shoemaking which successful.
Using a Bunsen burner, tripod and beaker of water 100 degrees could also be tested and 0 degrees was tested by using ice. (I didn’t investigate the 80 degrees temperature). Fair test: Below is a list of things that were kept the same throughout the investigation: Volumes of lipase and milk (by using syringes); volumes of phenolphthalein and sodium carbonate (using pipettes); (best volumes from the preliminary work were used). Each temperature was repeated three times to get a good average. The milk and lipase were equilibrated to the right temperatures before the lipase was added to the milk.
In the early 1900’s, women who were married main jobs were to care for her family, manage their houses, and do housework. That is where the word housewife was come from. During the 1940's, women's roles and expectations in society were changing quickly and a lot. Before, women had very limited say in society. Since unemployment was so high during the Great Depression, most people were against women working because they saw it as women taking jobs from men that needed to work. Women were often stereotyped to stay home, have babies, and to be a good wife and mother. Advertisements often targeted women, showing them in the kitchen, talking with children, serving dinner, cleaning, and them with the joy of a clean house or the latest kitchen appliance.
Men are no longer hunting dangerous animals for daily meals, and women are in combat roles in the United States Military. However, the belief that a woman's main function is to provide creature comforts and continue the species has been slow to keep up with the changing realities of current gender roles. In the early industrial age, men lifted, placed, screwed, adjusted and quality checked hundreds of components that made up a final product. Now most of that is automated.
Most of the jobs that women held were the same type of jobs that they would be doing as a housewife such as a nanny, teacher, or cook. Unfortunately for them, once they became married, they were expected to quit their jobs to become the dutiful housewife for their husbands as Chummy did in Episode 1, Series 3 of Call the midwife (Episode 1, Series 3). Their life would revolve around her husband and the home because the role of the female is domesticity, but many struggled with having to give up their career. They did not want to be defined as just a mother or wife. Due to lack of birth control, having kids was an inevitable part of married life, as seen in Episode 5 of Series 2 (Episode 5, Series 2). Creating and nurturing children was looked at as the most important thing about being a woman. Abortion was still an abomination to the female
society, women are expected to be at home doing the chores and taking care of their family. The
Men have a broader, more masculine figure compared to women, being less manly and more feminine-built. These physical disadvantages are the reason why women stayed home to care for their family because it was thought of as too dangerous to be doing the hard “men’s work.” Women were also considered to have been less intelligent, more emotional and less decisive than men. Women had low social status and fewer rights than the men. History states that women are the child bearers who nurse infants which led to the assumption that women hold the responsibilities around the household, while men went out long distances to do the tough work....
Prior to the use of agriculture, life was extremely different for women. The information that historians have obtained is limited, but there are certain aspects of Paleolithic society that have been discovered and point towards a more liberal lifestyle for women. Generally, a woman’s job was to gather food and tend to her children while her male counterpart hunted. These simple divisions allowed both men and women to play significant roles in hunter-gatherer society, which further allowed women to be held in equal if not greater esteem then men. According to Elisabeth Gaynor Ellis and Anthony Elser, authors of World History: Connections to Today, women also held...
The purpose of the lab was to show the effect of temperature on the rate of
Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Fermentation of Yeast To fully investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of fermentation of yeast Background Information Yeast is a single-cell fungus, occurring in the soil and on plants, commonly used in the baking and alcohol industries. Every living thing requires energy to survive and through respiration, glucose is converted into energy. There are two types of respiration available to living cells are: 1.
It’s not like women couldn’t work before, they could, but they didn’t have too much social freedom like getting divorced or not having children. Their voice wasn’t as important as men. Most of the time, men had to decide everything in the family and had control over the family. Coontz believes that today women have more control over their own lives and they can choose however they want to live their lives. Kuttner also agrees that “most Americans, after all, believe women should not be consigned to the nursery and the kitchen” (122).
If there is a large particle with a large surface area, and many small particles, the smaller particles have a higher chance of colliding with the larger particles. However, if there are small particles, and small particles of another compound, then the reaction rate would be slower, because the particles wouldn’t collide as easily as they would with particles of a bigger size. The third factor that affects collisions is the temperature. If there is a higher temperature, then the particles are able to move freer and faster, than they would if the temperature was lower. This means that the reaction rate would be faster, because the collisions of the particles are more frequent.
This meeting between the two particles can only take place on the surface area of the material. If the surface area of the material is increased, the particles gather more space to collide with each other with force. With a large surface area, the particles will have more area to work on so the collision probability will be high. A catalyst is a separate substance to the ones you use in your experiment and is used to speed up the reaction between the reactants.
1. When the temperature is increased all the particles move quicker, therefore there are more collisions. 2. If the solution is made more concentrated there will be more particles of the reactant colliding between the water molecules which makes collisions between the reactants more likely. 3.
...and they are too good to clean the house and take care of the children. Women were thought of as the ones to deal with everything and anything that happened to the house during the day while the men worked. Men in society believed women were only meant for simple things like housework.