“We used to look up at the sky and wonder about our place in the stars, now we just look down and worry about our place in the dirt” (Interstellar). No one knows, or may ever know for certain, how the universe ever came into existence. Cosmologists have uncovered multiple viable theories that explain the advent of the universe, but we assume that there can only be one. In 1927, Georges Lemaître suggested that the universe began at a moment in time and from there everything expanded exponentially outward from that single point. Lemaître’s model was only one of many developed that genuinely offered an explanation to how the universe was created. Lemaître’s model was approached with skepticism because, at the time, a static universe was generally …show more content…
Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity explains the natural gravitational pull of all objects. He proposed that, “matter causes space to curve” (Illinois). To paint a picture, matter itself causes space to bend. Imagine a bowling bowl on a rubber sheet, “the large ball will cause a deformation in the sheet’s surface. A baseball dropped onto the sheet will roll toward the bowling ball… smaller masses travel toward larger masses… because the smaller objects travel through space that is warped by the larger object” (Illinois). Newtonian gravity and Einstein’s general relativity differ in a small difference that causes dramatic changes. “The key difference is that Newtonian gravity has extra absolute structures that General Relativity does not have…General Relativity describes gravity as space time curvature while Newtonian gravity describes it as something living on top of a static space with no curvature” (Brown). Newtonian gravity also states, “all objects attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to their distance of separation” (Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation). Newtonian gravity explains the motion of planets and moons, but was replaced by General Relativity. Thus also, the Big Bang Theory was a consequence of the creation of General
Throughout history there has always been discussions and theories as to how the universe came to be. Where did it come from? How did it happen? Was it through God that the universe was made? These philosophies have been discussed and rejected and new theories have been created. I will discuss three theories from our studies, Kalam’s Cosmological Argument, Aquinas’s Design Argument, and Paley’s Design Argument. In this article, I will discuss the arguments and what these arguments state as their belief. A common belief from these three theories is that the universe is not infinite, meaning that the universe was created and has a beginning date. Each believe that there was a God, deity, or master creator that created the universe for a reason. They also believe that
For centuries humans looked up at the sky and wondered where we came from and why we are here. It was this fascination that lead scientists and philosophers to explore the Universe for answers. Over time these answers varied depending on what religion, ideas and technology was available to them. Some believed in an Aristotelian Universe centred around the Earth where others believed in the Copernican Universe which placed our sun in the centre. Most theories were dispelled due to the religious connotations and that it went against their belief of creationism. Like with all theories the specifics of this developed over time, and there have been many countless advances since the first proposal.
The Theory of Relativity, proposed by the Jewish physicist Albert Einstein (1879-1955) in the early part of the 20th century, is one of the most significant scientific advances of our time. Although the concept of relativity was not introduced by Einstein, his major contribution was the recognition that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and an absolute physical boundary for motion. This does not have a major impact on a person's day-to-day life since we travel at speeds much slower than light speed. For objects travelling near light speed, however, the theory of relativity states that objects will move slower and shorten in length from the point of view of an observer on Earth. Einstein also
The Big Bang Theory is one of the most important, and most discussed topics in cosmology today. As such, it encompasses several smaller components that attempt to explain what happened in the moments after creation, and how the universe we know today came from such a fiery, chaotic universe in the wake of the Big Bang. One major component of the Big Bang theory is nucleosynthesis. We know that several stellar phenomena (including stellar fusion and various types of super novae) are responsible for the formation of all heavy elements up through Plutonium, however, after the advent of the Big Bang theory, we needed a way to explain what types of matter were created to form the earliest stars.!
Einstein and Newton are the most popular explanations of gravity to this day. After Einstein, there have been some new theories trying to disprove him. One new popular theory is called emergent gravity and it tries to explain the motions of stars in space. There are many conceptions about gravity that confuse many people. Many people believe space does not have gravity, which is understandable however this is false. Another common misconception is that objects that are farther apart have a strong gravity pull on each other, Newton proved this to be incorrect (“Gravity Misconceptions”). The simple basics of gravity are understood by scientists, but there is still no exact answer that explains just how gravity
Stars and galaxies began to form about one billion years following the Big Bang, and since then the universe has simply continued to grow larger and cooler, creating conditions conducive to life. Three excellent reasons exist for believing in the big-bang theory. First, and most obvious, the universe is expanding. Second, the theory predicts that 25 percent of the total mass of the universe should be the helium that formed during the first few minutes, an amount that agrees with observations. Finally, and most convincing, is the presence of the cosmic background radiation. The big-bang theory predicted this remnant radiation, which now glows at a temperature just 3 degrees above absolute zero, well before radio astronomers chanced upon it. Friedmann made two simple assumptions about the universe: that when viewed at large enough scales, it appears the same both in every direction and from every location. From these assumptions (called the cosmological principle) and Einstein’s equations, he developed the first model of a universe in motion. The Friedmann universe begins with a Big Bang and continues expanding for untold billions of years—that’s the stage we’re in now. But after a long enough period of time, the mutual gravitational attraction of all the matter slows the expansion to a stop. The universe then starts to fall in on itself, replaying the expansion in reverse. Eventually all the matter collapses back into a singularity, in what physicist John Wheeler likes to call the “Big Crunch.” Gravitational attraction is a fundamental property of matter that exists throughout the known universe. Physicists identify gravity as one of the four types of forces in the universe. The others are the strong and weak nuclear forces and the electromagnetic force. More than 300 years ago, the great English scientist Sir Isaac Newton published the important generalization that mathematically describes this universal force of gravity. Newton was the first to realize that gravity extends well beyond the boundaries of Earth. Newton's realization was based on the first of three laws he had formulated to describe the motion of objects. Part of Newton's first law, the Law of Inertia, states that objects in motion travel in a straight line at a constant velocity unless they are acted upon by a net force. According to this law, the planets in space should travel in straight lines. However, as early as the time of Aristotle, the planets were known to travel on curved paths.
Impey, Chris. How It Began: A Time-traveler's Guide to the Universe. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. 123+. Print.
The theory of Special Relativity, written by Albert Einstein in 1905, describes the laws of motion at velocities close to and at the speed of light. It was written to make the laws of motion consistent with the laws of electromagnetism. Special relativity makes two postulates: the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers and the speed of light in a vacuum is constant, regardless of motion. One of the consequences of these postulates is that clocks run slower to an observer in motion, or time slows down. Special relativity also states that objects at high speeds always appear shorter in the direction of motion than they do at rest. However, length measurements transverse to the direction of motion are unaffected. Velocity addition is different for special relativity than for classical mechanics because according to special relativity, nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. Also, in order to retain the conservation of momentum as a general law consistent with Einstein's first postulate, a new definition of momentum must be used at relativistic velocities. The twin paradox is the famous example that uses time dilation and length contraction. Special relativity is not contradictory with classical mechanics because at low speeds, all of the laws of special relativity reduce to the laws of classical mechanics.
Billion years ago, there was an extra-ordinary event without which nothing would exist. It was the beginning of the universe. It was the time when a large amount of energy in an infinitely small space violently expanded and led to the creation of universe and everything else that we see around us today. It can perhaps be regarded as the greatest scientific achievement to understand the history and nature of how the universe came into being.
The Big Bang Theory is “the beginning of space, time, matter, energy and the expansion of the Universe.” The Universe started off as a small point in the middle of nowhere. It was around ten billion degrees less than a second after starting. As everything expanded and got pushed apart, it all started to cool down. As the particles formed together, they created atoms. Over time, the atoms grouped together so much that they started making stars and galaxies. After an even longer time, the atoms started making asteroids, comets, planets, and even black holes.
The Big Bang Theory according to National Geographic was a massive blast that had occurred 10 to 20 billions of years ago. It allowed all the universe’s known matter and energy, including space and time to evolve from an unknown type of energy, that has only been unraveled up intill the big bang. The theory believes that at the instant of that very second after the big bang had happened, the universe started to increase at an unclear rate of speed, that has not never been recorded. From what was once a small dot in the middle of a blank universe it began to expand, scientists couldn’t be sure of what went down after the big bang. All of having the thought as time slowly passed, over the billions of years the universe was still expanding, matter had cooled, and there arose a variety of atoms. Which eventually created the stars and galaxies that we can now see from our present world that we live in. The three main pieces of scientific evidence that supports the theory of the big bang that were the most important were
The big bang theory is an attempt to explain how the world began. The big bang theory begins with what is called a “singularity.” This term is used to describe an area in space which defies all the known laws of physics. Singularities are thought to exist at the core of black holes. Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that matter is pressed together into an infinite amount of pressure. The dense hot mass of the singularity slowly expanded. This process is called inflation. As the singularity expanded the universe went from dense and hot to cool and expansive. Inflation is still continuing on today which means that the universe is continually expanding.
Since the dawn of intelligent man, humanity has speculated about the origins of the universe.
The hugest weakness of the big bang theory is the fact that it is a product of a person’s imagination, that is to say that the big bang theory has no substantial evidence that actually proves that such an event happened. In most logical cases, explo...
...ng of the space is biblical. Researchers are trying to prove that God sized the universe smaller than it is today. In 1996, observations of very particulars ways needed a new change. “It always shown that the universe would slow its rate of expansion,” said Vesto Slipher. This procedure causes gravity to pull, and it slows down the expanding of space. Dark energy is not understood. It’s some type of fluid, unknown to physics. In the 20th century, they made a giant leap in how humans perceive the comos. ”The universe began with a big bang is essentially conclusive and may stand as the most profound discovery in humans,” said Hubble. Particle physicists have constant theories about history of the universe. They tested their theories precisely experimentally. Theories combine general relativity and quantum mechanics. That’s the evolution of the big bang theory.