During the years of Cold War, the House on Un-American Activities Committee or HUAC was created to investigate and conduct search on all the activities, groups and people who are involved or have a connection with Communist in the United States. The House of Committee has the capability to send an individual to prison if a person refuses to cooperate or provide a testimony during the legal proceeding or prosecution by issuing a subpoena. Legal proceedings were held to investigate or examine the involvement of an individual with the Communist and it could affect a larger number of people including the one in the entertainment industries. In addition, there are ten directors including writers invited and questioned by the committee. …show more content…
The HUACs wants to prove that "card- carrying party members dominated the Screen Writers Guild, that Communists had succeeded in introducing subversive propaganda into motion pictures, and that President Roosevelt had brought improper pressure to bear upon the industry to produce pro- Soviet films during the war". The House of committees questioned them if they have been a member of the Communist. None of the ten people admits or answered and used the First Amendment as their defense. In result the House Committee, sentence them to serve up to one year in prison. In addition, Dalton Trumbo is one of ten people called by the HUAC. After serving his sentence and being blacklisted, he write films under pseudonyms and fronts because he cannot find a job in Hollywood. Because of his situation, he cannot put his name on his work to earn credits and he even earns less, unlike he used to earn before he was sentenced. He gains credit when Universal acknowledge him as the writer of Spartacus. Moreover, during the trial Dalton Trumbo remained "unfriendly" the same as the eight member of the Hollywood Ten. They refuse to cooperate or tell the truth except for Edward Dmytryk. Dmytryk stated that, " I had long been convinced that the fight of the Ten was political. I believed that I was being force to sacrifice my family and my career in defense of the Communist Party, from which I had long been separated and which I had grown to dislike and distrust." In addition, he show opposition to the Communist Party and he only named some of the names that was mentioned by other witnesses. Because of that the other members of the Ten Hollywood were very angry to what he
To get a clear view and understanding of the book, first must review the time period in history. The book was written in the mid 1950's during the cold war. Former General McCarthy, then U.S. Senator started a fire ball of suspicion, suppression, and incarceration. This had a very huge impact on the entrainment industry, which included everyone from playwrights to filmmakers, as well as writers and actors. If anyone in that time period was suspected of being a communist, the government could come and pull them out of their home. At the least a suspected communist would be banned, or put on a black ball list. Printed in the Times, McCarthy's First Slander, "Overnight, his speech sparked a media firestorm that played to the basest fears of Americans swept up in a frightening cold war and triggered loyalty oaths, blacklists and personal betrayals that cost an estimated 10,000 Americans their jobs and some shattered innocents their lives." (Johanna McGeary 28) This happened to a number of actors and film makers during that time period. The black ball list was a list of names of people who were believed to be communist. The people on this list came from the movie industry as well as writers. These people would no longer be able to get work ...
In Hollywood political conflict was also paving the way for what would later occur in Hollywood as the HUAC would attack the industry. Big business controlled the lucrative industry and the companies that controlled the market were eight major studios in Hollywood. The Metro-Goldw...
In the 1930s and 1940s many Hollywood writers, actors, producers, and directors were suspected for communist affiliations. During this time, communism was a popular political movement in the United States, especially among young liberals. There was a growing fear of communism invading American society. By the end of World War Two an event known as the Red Scare resulted in communism become increasingly feared and hated by many in the United States. The Hollywood blacklist caused the Hollywood industry a lot of harm in its business and reputation.
The film’s controversy exists in the fact that Terry decides to testify against Johnny Friendly. His testimony attempts to show how it is fundamentally right to break group silence in a tough situation, even if a person appears to “rat” on his friends. To be at peace with oneself, Kazan seems to say, one must tell the truth, despite the fact that one will face ostracism, and, as in the film, probably be murdered. Kazan makes the hardships of testifying painfully clear. Thus, Brando’s character is a hero. However, a dark agenda exists behind the film’s plot.
If someone was called on for being a member of the communist party they were in big trouble. There was nothing they could say nor do to get out of the mess they were in. It didn’t Matter if they were a part of the Communist party or hated the communists, in general, all they could do was Give the names of their friends and family members or just people that they knew of that were also a part of the Communist Party.
In 1956 Arthur Miller was subpoenaed by HUAC (the House Un-American Activities Committee) and refused to identify writers that were believed to hold communist sympathies. Due to his refusal he was convicted of contempt of congress. The next year, however, the United States Supreme Court overturned this conviction. Under the leadership of McCarthy the committee had so much power that just knowing someone who was suspected of having ties to the communist party was a danger. The lives and careers of hundreds of Americans were ruined because of being blacklisted. Prison, bankruptcy, passport revocation, unemployment were threats made against people for them to testify and “name names.”
In 1956, Arthur Miller was denied to have a passport to Brussels, and he was called before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. This Committee wanted to defend and make the constitution better. The Congress asks Arthur Miller for the names of the people that he had been with in the Communist meetings, but he refused to tell the names. They wanted those names to put them on the blacklist.
These agencies consist of the following along with a brief of each of their mission in order to keep the United States safe from any potential terrorist attacks that may occur and the problems they face:
The Communist forces under Mao Zedong had won control of China and The Soviet Union was beginning to spread its global reach. These events were concerning to the American people, as they did not want Communist infiltration in American society ("The Crucible: Historical Context”). This caused widespread paranoia in American society, which allowed the outbreak of McCarthyism. “Originally associated with generic Cold War anticommunism, the term McCarthyism eventually came to refer to a particularly mean-spirited and groundless accusation based on paranoia and characterized by political grandstanding” (“McCarthyism”). Another factor that allowed Joseph McCarthy to accuse people with baseless accusations was his allies in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the most powerful being J. Edgar Hoover (“McCarthyism”). The FBI would provide much of the information in court. Even though the information was often sketchy and illegal, it still fueled the
The United Nations Security Council is in desperate need of reform because of the current dysfunction which surrounds it. Any suggestion of reform could be idealistic. To not enlarge the Security Council is an option too. Over the years, proposals on the reform of the Security Council have included the enlargement of the Security Council, changes to the categories or proportions of membership of the Security Council, the addition of Regional Representatives and changes to the relationship between the Security Council and the General Assembly. Another option for veto reform is to abolish the veto over resolutions concerning genocide and other crimes against humanity. Various international relations perspectives, including Idealists, Liberals, Marxists and Realists, align with each of these proposals. The best hope for the future lies in the expansion of Security Council members and possibly some control over the exercise of veto power by Security Council members.
“I have here in hand a list of 205- a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party… still working and shaping policy in the State Department” (Senator Joseph McCarthy). Following World War 2, the threat of Communism was on the rise in American society. McCarthy claiming that there were Communists working in the government helped to raise the tension across the U.S. as the country was locked in a tense Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union, or modern day Russia, were well known alongside with China for their deep beliefs in Communism, causing America to enter their infamous time period of the Red Scare. Fear and the overwhelming threat of McCarthyism affected American society
The first major incident that alerted the United States to the threat of terrorism on its own soil was the bombing in the garage section of the world trade center in 1993. This sparked a surge amongst the nation’s intelligence organizations to go after suspected future threats. This paper will focus on the national security agency’s transition into the digital era and the tools it uses to prop up its unrestricted global surveillance network.
The journalists and executive producers who covered these stories had to make sure that no one involved could have any communist activities pinned on them cause that would contradict their stories. These journalist also made sure that all parties represented such as the man who was kicked out of the navy for his father's activities and the navy commanders that kicked him
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, is an act that was put into place in 1977 to control the dealings US persons or entities would have with foreign officials. The act make it unlawful for any US party to pay, whether it is directly or indirectly, with money or anything else of value, to a foreign official in exchange for obtaining or retaining a business (FCPA Enforcement). In addition to this, any company that trades securities in the US is required to file periodic report to the Securities and Exchange Commission to have record of any business transactions in order to maintain effective internal controls (Department of Justice).
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like body created in South Africa after the end of Apartheid and its atrocities. Anyone that believed they were a victim of violence or abuse during the Apartheid Era could step forward and be listened to by the members and judges of the TRC. Inflictors of violence during the apartheid era could give testimony and request for amnesty from prosecution for things that they had done. The TRC, despite having some flaws, was a stepping-stone to justice and democracy in South Africa.