26. King Charles VIII (The Renaissance)
King Charles VIII of France would be the cause of the Habsburg-Valois Wars. In 1494, he would invade Italy with the goal of conquering Naples. This invasion, as well as others, would spark a series of conflicts which involved all the major Italian City States.
27. The Printing Press (The Renaissance)
The Printing Press was invented by a man named, Johannes Gutenberg. The first work printed on it was the “Mazarin Bible”. This new piece of machinery quickly spread across Europe. By 1500, printing presses in over 200cities printed between 8 million and 20 million books. This was by far more than the number of books produced in all of pervious western history. The invention of the Printing Press allowed many humanists to print their works and quickly be disseminated across Europe. The extreme use of printing made it hard for authorities to overpower rebellious views. The printing press caused Martin Luther to have such an effect on Europe. If the printing press had not been invented, then Martin Luther would not have been able to spread his views of Lutheranism and have such a huge impact.
28. Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis Statement (Reformation)
Martin Luther witnessed Tetzel selling indulgences in 1517. This action did not sit well with Luther because he believed that salvation could not be sold by the Pope. He believed that it was a gift of God. On October 31, 1517, Luther nailed his ninety-five theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. His actions eventually led to him becoming the most famous person in Europe. This would also play a part in leading to the German Peasants’ War of 1525 because the German peasants originally supported Luther and complaints that the nobles had seized ...
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...old War. The Soviet Union feared America because they thought we would use Western Europe as a base to attack them. Also, the Soviets wanted to spread communism worldwide. This upset the Americans would were following democracy.
55. Collapse of the Soviet Union (The Cold War)
As a result of the Cold War, the Soviet Union collapsed. In December of 1991, the Soviet Union broke into fifteen separate countries. The collapse of communist governments in Eastern Europe inspired ethnic groups within the Soviet Union. Gorbachev created a policy that allowed these ethnic groups to spread. Because of this, the hard-liners tried to over through Gorbachev with a military coup. This did not work. Under Gorbachev’s reforms, people had lost fear and wanted to fight for their freedom- Russians upset the coup. In December of 1991, Gorbachev resigned from his position as president.
“The distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the Cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war” (Library of Congress). The Soviet Union and The United States were complete opposites, The United States was a democracy whereas The Soviet Union was a dictatorship. This only began their differences though, their economies, beliefs, goals, and even their fears, everything about them made them different except for their enemy. The
At 7:32 p.m. December 25, 1991, the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin in Moscow for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag, which symbolized the disintegration of Soviet Union. Early in the day, the last president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, resigned his post, and Boris Yeltsin became the president of the newly independent Russian state. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the campaign between the Soviet Union and the United States ended. Nonetheless, although the end of the Cold War makes people around the world enter a peaceful time, until now both people in the past and historians are amazed why the previous powerful Soviet Union collapsed suddenly. Thereby, the cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union is still an everlasting and popular topic in the world.
The technological advancements that occurred amid the Renaissance were fundamental in the distribution of Luther’s 95 Theses. The printing press, in particular, played a monumental role throughout the Protestant Reformation. The most obvious reason is that it made the distribution of the theses more efficient in regards to time and cost, but this is a mere fraction of the total effect it had on the reformation. The last notable method in which Luther’s ideas came in the form of pamphlets.
Martin Luther responded to the exploitation delivered by the Roman Catholic Church. Upon travelling to Rome in 1517, Luther was appalled by the conduct of most of the members of the church and its hierarchy, especially the sale of indulgences. Indulgences were a remission of the temporal punishment due to sin, a form of buying yourself out of sin so that the parishioner could proceed to heaven. The Pope was involved with the sale of indulgences, using it as a method of raising money for the building of St. Peter basilica. Believing that actions and practice are what redeems a person of sins and not a piece of paper, Luther wrote the Ninety-Five Theses and nailed it to the church door at Wittenberg. He had no intention of opposing or challenging the church, however the Pope saw it as heresy as Luther had included many ideas that were associated with people of high positions within the church, such as number eighty-one "Why does the pope, whose wealth today is greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build the basilica of St. Peter...
The Cold War put us on the brink of war with the Soviet Union. This could have possibly been the one thing that started the fear of communism. Russian spies are everywhere. People suspected each other, even their neighbors. Since the soviet Union was a communist country that was spreading it’s influence in Europe. America had to do something about it. America felt that the people living in the Soviet Union were being oppressed and needed to be free. This so called war was basically seeing how far both the countries, (America & Soviet Union) could go without going into war. Examples of this would be the Truman doctrine, which was Truman’s way of making sure Greece and Turkey would not become a communist country (N.N.787). Another example would be the Marshall Plan, which asked the countries that needed help request it and the US would help. America did not want the Soviets to spread their ideas to other countries by exploiting the dissatisfaction of their country. So we helped because we thought that our country was in trouble from the communists (N.N.787). An even better example of clashes between the US and the Soviet Union would be the Berlin Airlift. Soviets blocked off all land into Berlin and we airlifted supplies into Berlin. Now during this at home, there were many people scared of communism also. Many were accused communists due to the Red Scare.
The printing press was invented in 1450 by a man named Johannes Gutenberg, but this was not the first time someone had tried this'll. In 600 CE, the Chinese invented woodblock printing; however, they did try to use movable wooden blocks, to no avail. They weren’t able to succeed because the sheer amount of characters in the Chinese language made it impossible, Gutenberg succeeded because the English language only had twenty six letters he had to carve out. There is no doubt that he impacted the world around him. He made it possible to spread beliefs with the mass production of texts, Martin Luther’s “95 Theses”, as the printing press expanded more and more people started to convert to the Protestant faith. The church no longer had any control over what the citizens knew.The printing press’ mass production made books more affordable for your average citizen which allowed them to be exposed to new thoughts and ideas. These are the reasons the printing press was more impactful to the age of reformation than it was to the age of exploration.
Ever wanted to find out what consequences the printing press had on exploration and reformation? Well, you can find out right here. To start off with, the printing press was invented in the 1450’s by Johannes Gutenberg. The idea was not new because in 600 CE the Chinese introduced woodblock printing. They even did a little experimenting with movable wooden blocks but with 50,000 characters it was impossible to carve. One of the reasons Gutenberg was so successful was that the alphabet at the time was much less than 50,000, which was much more realistic when carving. In about 1455 Gutenberg had about 180 bibles that were over 1800 pages long printed, by the year 1500 more than 20 million books had been printed, and by 1600 over 200 million books were in existence. The big question is though, which was the more important consequence of the printing press the reformation or exploration? Reformation was an important consequence of the printing press. However, an even more important consequence was exploration.
When Gutenberg invented his printing press in the 15th century, only about 30% of the population in Europe could read or write. By the 18th century, 64% of the population of England could read or write. This is an enormous part of history because without the first printing press, most of the worlds population would still be illiterate. The press allowed for not only people to make books quicker, but to make them in larger quantities. One book could be copied and spread throughout Europe within a matter of weeks.
Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union had risen fast since the end of World War II, were spurred on by the Space Race and the Arms Race, and peaked dangerously
Numerous inventions transformed European society such as the compass, paper and gunpowder. However, none had the dramatic impact as the invention of the printing press by Johannes Guttenberg in the mid 15th century. The printing press allowed for rapid creation of printed works due to the hand mold, a new technique which used moveable metal type. By increasing the speed by which printed works were created, quantities of books increased rapidly and became far more widespread. By the beginning of the 16th century, over 20 million volumes had been printed in Western Europe and over 240 printing shops were established. Initially religious works, such as the Bible, were primarily printed. Wider access to such materials allowed for individuals to form their own interpretations about religion. Individualism increased which spurred the development of movements such as the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the Enlightenment. The printing press fuelled an information revolution as knowledge was quickly and more accurately spread. Literacy increased along with education as forms of learning were revolutionized, and the universal language changed from Latin to French. As the printing press became more common throughout Europe, new forms of printed works and themes began to be seen in society. The printing press promoted the development of reform movements and changed dynamics within European culture.
Everyday people read newspapers and books, but where did printing begin? The movable type printing press by Johannes Gutenberg made this all possible. Johannes first conceived of this idea of the printing press in the 15th century in order to speed up the slow process of producing books (Bantwal). The movable type printing press, the first real technology of its kind, helped to solve problems, but in turn also caused problems. This technology did influence many areas of life in its lifespan. This includes challenging the church and poisoning people with the increased toxins from mass products of materials. Depending on one’s point of view, this invention could be the best or worst thing to happen during the 15th century. Regardless of that, the printing press’s influence was widespread and therefore, was a great invention for the machine’s time. Despite the negative repercussions of Gutenberg’s movable printing press, the machine is a positive technology.
The printing press is considered one of the most important inventions because it made mass production for printed material possible. The result of that leads to a much more educated population. For years prior to the printing, all readable material had to be hand written. This consumed a lot of time and costed a lot of money. The printing press dramatically reduced the time and expense for printed. From the 1500’s to the early 1700’s, the printing press was the most significant invention in which inspired the most change in European society during the Renaissance because it impacted the advancement of civilization rigorously, advanced the flow of education and spread new ideas.
According to the textbook, “ The printing of books encouraged scholarly research and increased the public’s desire to gain knowledge, which would eventually have an enormous impact on European society” (Spielvogel 162). This is true because the printing press was made for books at the time and with those books the Europeans could study religious books to give themselves more knowledge on religion.
Johann Tetzel, a Dominican Friar, was born in 1465 in the small town of Pirna, Poland. Tetzel was a key to the reformation period, and is probably best known for selling indulgences during the 1500’s. In 1517, Tetzel was trying to build St. Peter's Basilica, which would be used for the practice of Catholicism, and tried to raise money. It is believed that Tetzel gained a lot of money buy selling indulgences, which later inspired Martin Luther’s 95 theses, a famous piece of work related to the Protestant Reformation. All in all, Tetzel was a major impetus to the Reformation period because of his contribution of preaching about the Catholic Church, selling indulgences, and later inspiring Luther to write his 95 theses which was a very famous
In nineteenth-century society, a time well versed in the uses and advantages of Gutenberg’s printing press, the typewriter changed the way people thought about writing. Since the introduction of the printing press four centuries earlier, there had been a very limited amount of new inventions pertaining to writing or the world of the mechanized press. Advancements certainly had been made to modernize the printing process, but the typewriter was the next invention that would change the face of writing. The typewriter made writing more common and accessible and loosened up proper business etiquette. Professionals shifted from the mindset of having to write a handwritten letter regarding company updates and accepted the notion of being able to type out a business memo. The process of typing also affected the way authors wrote and what they thought about writing as it allowed them to become more involved in publication.