Herniated discs are one of the most common spinal conditions that can affect a person's’ life. Although herniated discs typically cause pain in the lower back, the potential for pain to be transferred to other parts of the body as well is possible since a herniated disc is the pinching of nerves within the spinal cord region. In laymen’s terms, herniated discs are not a laughing matter or a back pain to be overlooked.
There are 24 intervertebral discs in the human body, each disc is used as a shock absorbent to the vertebral column. In this case study, the 58 year old sponsor, suffered a back injury while trying to unload a heavy amount of objects. His diagnoses by the physician was a lumbar herniated disc, between L5-S1. The patient
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The corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum and the basal membrane are the layers of the epidermis membrane. Next to the epidermis is the dermis. The reticular layer of the dermis is deepened to the papillary layer which has nerve endings and receptors that detect pain. Following this layer is the subcutaneous layer, then deep fascia, onto the areas of muscle (Hoffman).
When presented with figure 2, it seemed self explanatory to explain the condition. Figure 2 shows the superior view of the vertebral disc, presenting the vertebral arch and the frayed spinal nerves out of the spinal cord. In figure 2 it is shown that in the right image a spinal nerve is compressed due to the nucleus pulposus. The reason that figure 2 is not adequate enough for the physician to properly explain the condition to the patient is because this image shows the outer layer (annulus fibrosus) with the rupture allowing the nucleus pulposus to apply pressure and cause tension to the nerve. Figure 3, on the other hand is a more accurate view of the lumbar vertebrae which depicts the annulus fibrosus still intact and that the disc has entirely moved to compress the nerve. The physician wanted to use a more accurate view of the lumbar vertebrae because if the symptoms worsen due to improper care/prevention one could lose feeling of lower limbs as well as experience dysfunction in the bladder (Mayo). On the other hand the tissues could be more
To begin we will look at the integumentary system and its entire multitude of functions. The main components of the integumentary system are the skin, hair, nails, glands and nerves. For the purpose of this paper we will focus mainly on the levels of the skin and their functions. While the integumentary
...ons in the size and distribution of the major collagen fibrils of the dermis. J Invest Dermatol. 108(3):241-7 [PubMed: 9036918] Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9036918
Thus, Oaklander’s research goals are to use skin biopsies to visualize sensory nerve endings in the skin and discover the cause of the neuropathic pain, because once we do this, we can identify the ultimate cause of pain and begin treating
Harvey Simon, MD, and David Zieve, MD (2012, May 3). Back Pain and Sciatica. Retrieved
The term herniated disc refers to an unnatural protrusion of the spinal disc between vertebrae. The disc is an intervertebral piece of cartilage (it lies between the bones of the spine) that is smooth, rubber-like and absorbs shock. It allows slight movement of the vertebrae and acts as a ligament that holds everything in the spine together.
The most common causes of lower back pain can be poor posture, fracture, improper lifting, lack of exercise and arthritis. Infections involving the vertebrae can also lead to lower back pain. Bulging and ruptured discs as well as muscle strain can also cause lower back pain. The symptoms of lower back pain can be pain in the lumbar area. People may experience pain in the muscles and bones of the back, leg, and hip. The diagnosis for lower back pain can be known through the symptoms of the person. Other diagnosis can be the through the person’s medical history. There may also be diagnostic testing and may lead to a general diagnosis. The most common form of prevention can be exercise mostly to strengthen the core of the body. Although improper knowledge while exercising may do more damage than good, it is best to seek out information from a professional. Another may be to improve your physical health and and posture. As well as lifting heavy objects properly and with proper equipment like a lower back support belt. An intervention strategy can be to see foundations who are researching a way to help those who suffer from lower back pain. Another intervention strategy is education of students.
Based upon previous knowledge of spinal cord function, what results from the testing were consistent with a spinal cord injury?
Spinal fusion stabilizes the spinal vertebra by fusing the disk spaces between the vertebra. The purpose of Lumbar fusion surgery is designed to help create solid bone between the adjoining vertebra. Classically Autograft bone has been used for fusion. This case study demonstrates the successful use of a synthetic bone graft called Signafuse. Signafuse is a moldable bone graft comprising a proprietary combination of patented bioactive glass particles and biphasic mineral granules suspended in a patented resorbable polymer carrier.
Tests after tests including MRI’s, X-rays, and experimental procedures were performed to show I had five ruptured disks in the lower lumbar section of my back. Tedious Examination done by a group of doctors concluded I had a crippling disease of the spinal column called spinal stenosis. Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal that causes compression of the spinal cord. (Lohr,1) If this disease was ignored any longer, it would lead to many other problems affecting other areas of my back to help support this weakness. It was an extremely rare case for an athlete my age.
The second layer of the skin is called the dermis and is also known as the middle layer. The dermis is what holds the body together. The dermis has layers to it as well as the epidermis. There are two layers to the dermis, the papillary layer and the reticular layer. The cells of the dermis are fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and scattered white blood cells (wbc’s). the dermis is richly supplied with nerve fibers and BV;s. dermal BV’s is also a part of the integumentary system, dermal BV,s have converging and diverging vessels that ar...
There is suggested evidence that a number of anatomical structures such as, bones, intervertebral discs, muscles, ligaments, joints and neural structures cause back pain (Hoy, Brooks, Blyth & Buchbinder, 2010). Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a condition that is believed to cause chronic back pain (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). It occurs when there is an extrusion of disc material into the surrounding tissue (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). It is also suggested that abnormal stress of the ligaments, muscles and mechanoreceptors contribute to back pain (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). The main cause of chronic back pain has not been identified, but there are many suggested issues that are believed to contribute to chronic back pain.
In spite of resolving itself the symptoms return as soon as activities are resumed. in the event that the examiner feels that sports hernia might be present the author recommends palpation of the potential sites of injury. Lower abdominal, adductors, pain to palpation is common in athletes; therefore, it is critical to determine if the pain is consistent with their symptoms. The abdomen and abdominal obliques should also be palpated. Besides palpation to point out exactly that the athlete is suffering from sports hernia imaging machines such as radiographs, MRI’s , and injection of dye coupled with valsava like maneuvers and radiographs are also
Overtime, this might bring about compression of the discs hence their possible rupture, slippery or herniation.
The epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin, is made up of four to five layers in some parts (Shier, Butler, & Lewis, 2009). In the majority of the areas, just four layers can be differentiated: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum (p.119). Another layer is the stratum lucidum which can be found in the thicker part of the skin of the palms and ...
The most common cause of sciatica is a herniated spinal disc (aka slipped disc). When this happens, the natural cushion between the vertebra of your spine ruptures, causing the disc to push out into areas usually occupied by these nerves. The nerves are compressed, and people then experience the symptoms of pain, weakness, and numbness. Other conditions, such as spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, or piriformis syndrome can also cause sciatica symptoms by irritating the nerve.