Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)

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Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) Berlioz (bear-lee-ohz) was a French composer whose father was a doctor; to please his father, he went to medical school, but he spent more time going to concerts and to the theatre than studying medicine. Berlioz played flute and guitar, but is best known as a composer and orchestrator. As a student at the Paris Conservatory, he tried several times to earn the prestigious Prix de Rome, finally winning in 1830. During his medical school days, Berlioz attended performances of an English theatrical troupe. Hamlet was part of their repertory, and Hector became infatuated with the actress who played Ophelia. This was really a fixation on the character as played by Harriet Smithson, since Hector had not yet met the actress. (Imagine your own fantasies about your favorite actor!) Despite this infatuation, Berlioz became engaged to another woman before he went off to Rome to work (the other woman, Marie, married someone else while he was gone). Berlioz wrote several works during his sojourn in Rome, but the one that won him the most recognition was a program symphony, Symphonie fantastique. Berlioz used this symphony to express his feelings about Harriet Smithson. The symphony tells the story of a young poet who has taken an overdose of drugs and has a series of dreams about his beloved. The beloved is represented by a recurrent theme known as the idée fixe (French for "fixed idea"); this theme appears in several different permutations depending on how he feels about the woman at the time. The five movements are as follows, with Berlioz's descriptions: 1. Reveries, Passions. "He remembers the weariness of soul... ... middle of paper ... ...and Juliet choral symphony that Berlioz subsequently wrote was dedicated to Paganini, whose gift allowed Berlioz to give up his "day job" in journalism. Berlioz and Smithson later separated, and he married that first fiancee when Harriet died. Berlioz's great contribution to composition was his attention to the orchestra. He was a noted conductor who believed in teaching orchestra members to play the new music correctly. He also wrote an important book on orchestration that is still used today. Orchestration refers to the art of writing for instruments. Obviously, composers had been doing that for hundreds of years, but Berlioz was the one who focused on the specific capabilities of each instrument, the use of tone colors in various combinations, and on making the absolute best use of the instruments available.

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