HPPD Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, also known as HPPD, is a disorder distinguished by the continual sensory disturbances, usually visual. In this paper, we will research the disorder, exploring causes, symptoms, treatments, etc. as well as look at case studies the were done to further understand the disease. Very few people have been diagnosed with HPPD so research is limited, so this paper will act as a summary of the disorder, how it relates to visual perception and how it is often portrayed with art. I intend to relate the disorder to art by researching different resources such as internet forums to see how real people depict how they perceive the world. Different people have different symptoms of the disorder, so how people …show more content…
The DSM-5 gives three criteria for being diagnosed with HPPD. Firstly, there must be a reoccurrence of experiencing the same perceptual symptoms one had when taking a hallucinogenic drug. Secondly, these symptoms must cause distress and/or impairment to ones everyday life. Lastly, the symptoms cannot come from any other disorder, such as epilepsy or dementia. However, since there has been so few cases and said cases has varied greatly in symptoms, it is hard to even group them as all being HPPD. One can still categorize the symptoms as being visual disturbances. Although it is uncertain what directly causes the disorder, the strongest connection to the cause is a history of hallucinogenic drug …show more content…
Some are are influenced by color like intensified colors, where colorful objects seem more vivid, or flashes of color, where bold bursts of unexplained color pops into your vision, or color confusion, where one would have difficulty telling colors apart. Some people have been affected by size confusion, where objects in your peripheral vision will seem larger or smaller than they actually are. Some symptoms simply are hallucinations, such as halos around objects, tracers or trailers with trail through your vision, seeing geometric patterns or images within images. All cases of people experiencing symptoms of HPPD, people have been able to distinguish said symptoms as not being apart of reality, which is a defining factor of the disorder. Most cases of HPPD happen after the use of one of these drugs, however in some cases, people developed HPPD at an earlier age and the use of drugs triggered the disorder to become even worse. There are many misconceptions about HPPD and how it is caused, for instance it isn’t the result of brain damage or another mental disorder, or that it is not the result of drugs staying in your system. Most cases happen days or weeks after the person has taken the
In my creative portion, there are images, in which the artist intended to portray the feeling of having schizophrenia, Like Saks, they want the world to understand the truth about their disorder.
Boyer, B., Boyer, R., & Basehart, H. 1973. Hallucinogens and Shamanism M. Hamer, Ed.. England: Oxford University Press.
The characteristic symptoms start between the age of 18 and 30. Symptoms include hallucinations and/or delusions. Hallucinations can have various modes. Auditory hallucinations are the most common. These may involve hearing a voice or voices talking to each other and/or to the patient. Visual hallucinations are less common and involve the patient believing they see an object that is not present. Tactile hallucinations are the least common and involve the patient thinking that someone or something is touching them (Nienhuis).
According to “What Is Peyote? | Is It Addictive & What Are the Side Effects?”, hallucinogens including peyote can create a sensory effect. In other words, a person who takes peyote might believe and think that they smell, hear sounds, touch things that are not even there. For example in the video “the last of the medicine men-peyote”, one of the members of the tribe who is a violinist said that he heard the noise of the song that he is playing now was from the last ritual after he ate the peyote. Another effect of hallucination is people can see things that are not even there. For instance, after eating the peyote, Benedict Allen describes that he sees stuffs such as the distance come and goes, everything and even the stones are moving and vibrating. Losing in touch with reality is also the effect of peyote according to “What Is Peyote? | Is It Addictive & What Are the Side Effects?”. It is said that “During a peyote trip, some people might feel introspective, calm and like they’re in a very deep meditative state, while others could experience hallucinations that bring them distress or even cause them to put themselves in harm’s way.”, which bring the similar effect that Benedict Allen and one of the tribe’s member name David experience after they eat the peyote. In the video, Benedict Allen
Due to the intense nature of the physical symptoms of PD and its impact of one’s life, various researchers has identified different contributory factors of this disorder. Some studies indicated hyperventilation, over activity in the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system, interceptive classical conditioning, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations and safety behaviors are potential factors of PD (Davey, 2014). While, other researchers have stated PD is possibly caused by genetic predisposition, abnormalities in serotonin, and early developmental factors (Sansone et al., 1998). As the etiology of PD remains unknown and further studies are being conducted, it is agreed upon the mental health community that biological, psychological and cognitive factors contribute to the etiology and maintenance of PD.
Delusion and hallucination in their different forms are the major symptom of psychotic disorders. There is a growing evidence however that these symptoms are not exclusively pathological in nature. The evidences show that both delusion and hallucination occur in a variety of forms in the general population. This paper presents and analyzes the relationship between the above major psychotic symptoms with normal anomalous experiences that resembles these symptoms in the normal population.
Hallucinogens or psychedelics are mind-altering drugs, which affect the mind’s perceptions, causing bizarre, unpredictable behavior, and severe, sensory disturbances that may place users at risk of serious injuries or death. Hallucinogens powerfully affect the brain, distorting the way our five senses work and changing our perceptions of time and space. People who use these drugs a lot may have a hard time concentrating, communicating, or telling the difference between reality and illusion. Hallucinogens cause people to experience - you guessed it - hallucinations, imagined experiences that seem real. The word "hallucinate" comes from Latin words meaning, "to wander in the mind." Your brain controls all of your perceptions; the way you see, hear, smell, taste, and feel.
My vision of Art Therapy was very vague. I always thought art therapy was a form of therapy for distressed or abused children trying to tell a story through pictures or drawings. The American Art Therapy Association defines art therapy as a mental health profession that uses the creative process of art making to improve and enhance the physical, mental, and emotional well being of individuals of all ages. Art therapy is a form psychotherapy that has been practiced for over sixty years and it has been promoted as a means of helping people who find it difficult to express themselves verbally (Crawford, et al., 2010). Art therapy sessions usually start with a form of relaxation such as deep breathing , progressive muscle relaxation, or setting an intention for the session ahead (Hart, 2010). Art therapy is used for several different types of people with diverse illnesses such as: Autism Spectrum Disorder, people living with HIV/AIDS, mental disorders and even Cancer. Studies show that art therapy can lead to increased self awareness of self, as well as improved ability to cope with symptoms, stress, and traumatic experiences (American Art Therapy Association). This form of therapy helps these patients express positive feelings that may not be easy to access in the midst of a fear provoking experience (Hart, 2010). Art therapy help people to identify their feelings, and resolve the issues associated with their illness. Although, my lack of knowledge on this therapeu...
“… There is a feeling of strange intoxication and shifting consciousness with minor perceptual changes. There may also be strong physical effects, including respiratory pressure, muscle tension (especially face and neck muscles), and queasiness or possible nausea… After this the state of altered consciousness begins to manifest itself…..among the possible occurences are feelings of inner tranquility, oneness with life, heightened awareness, and rapid thought flow…these effects will deepen and become more visual. Colors may become more intense. Halos and auras may appear about things. Objects
Individuals using hallucinogens can see images, feel sensations and hear sounds that they perceive as real but are not (Whitbourne, 2017). Additional psychological effects include rapid intense moods swings and a the condition hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, where the individual has flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations even though they are not intoxicated with the drug (Whitbourne, 2017). Depending on the type of hallucinogen, physiological effects may include increases in heart rate, blood pressure, blurred vision and muscle weakness (Whitbourne, 2017). Like many other substances, users may build up a tolerance after continued use, and certain hallucinogens such as MDMA are usually taken with other substances (Whitbourne, 2017). Depending on the hallucinogen abused, the withdrawal symptoms may vary, LCD users may choose to stop using it without withdrawal (Whitbourne,
2)Strassman, R. Human Hallucinogenic Drug Research: Regulatory, Clinical and Scientific Issues. Brain Res. 162. 1990.
The movie, A Beautiful Mind, depicts the life of John Nash and his struggle with the disorder, showing the symptoms and treatment methods used during the time period. In the movie, the main character, John Nash, experiences positive symptoms in which bizarre additions are added to the person’s behavior like disorganized thinking or in Nash’s case, hallucinations. At one point in the movie, John could be considered to have tactile hallucinations (sensations of tingling, burning) mixed with his visual and auditory ones when Parcher implants a device into his arm, causing a stinging or painful sensation. His visual and auditory hallucinations, although auditory hallucinations are considered more common in schizophrenics, the audience is not aware of these symptoms until mid-way through the movie, however, the nonexistent “people” he sees start in grad school with the first one being Charles Herman, his “roommate.” During this time, the main character would be in the prodromal stage of the disorder where the function is decreasing and the symptoms come on gradually at a rate unnoticeable to others, because he is
One must look beyond the stereotypes that psychedelics have earned in the twentieth century, and also modern science, that presupposes that any thing that cannot be explained within its own contexts either does not exist or is but a fanciful idea. However, the realm of psychedelics is uncharted area, and when dealing with such experimental substances, such as these psychedelic agents, one must proceed with caution, as was mentioned earlier the agents are powerful tools and can be used with skill or reckless abandon, and therefore can yield positive responses or deadly consequences. If used with care psychedelics will allow many psychologists and patients to embark on a perhaps endless journey of self-discovery.
The first article explores the effect of a pharmaceutical being used to reduce DPD. The authors state that usually depersonalization disorder is misdiagnosed with anxiety or psychotic disorders (Salgado & Oliveira, 2012). This case consisted of one patient who was suffering symptoms of DPD as well as social anxiety and slight depression it was established that she did not abuse drugs and her EEG showed no abnormalities.
Firstly, drug use is not a concept new to the twenty-first century. The use of psychedelic/hallucinogenic drugs results in perception-altering effects manifested as