As transistors get smaller and smaller, silicone transistors are shrinking rapidly to nearly atomic scale. As silicone transistors reach that size, it starts to become ineffective. Transistors has reached a saturation limit, where if made smaller electrons cannot be stopped from source to drain. Graphene now comes into the pictures. Graphene, is the hot topic that every physicists, material scientists, and electrical engineers have been talking about. Why did it garner such popularity in the scientific world, and deserve a Nobel Prize? One, out of many great future application of Graphene is further the shrinkage of transistors. Dominated in a world of silicone transistors, as it is being shrunk to near atomic sizes there emerges many limitations; one of which is the halt of further improvement in transistor speed. Graphene is composed of single carbon atoms bounded together to form a flat hexagonal plane, where one carbon is at each of the six corners. Multiple hexagonal shapes are connected together to form a plane. The “miraculous” physical aspect of this composition allows the e...
Amandi Hiyare: Before forming my research question, I had a discussion with my research project coordinator “Lisa Pope” who told me that the Flinders nanotechnology research team has been developing microbial catheters. Then on Monday I had an interview with Professor Joe Shapter who told me that your team was leading this project. So I was wondering whether you would be able to provide me with some detailed information about this innovation?
William Shockley was born on February 13, 1910 in London, England. He is most famously noted for winning the Nobel Prize in physics in 1956. He won this for being the co-inventor of the transistor with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain. Shockley’s parents were both Americans. His father, William Hillman Shockley, was a mining engineer born in Massachusetts. His mother, Mary Bradford, was a federal deputy surveyor of mineral lands. They returned to America when William was just a baby. They both were very encouraging for his love and passion for science, as well as his neighbor who was a professor of physics at Stanford. He got his B. Sc. Degree at the California Institute of Technology in 1932. Four years later he got his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He wrote his doctoral thesis on the energy band structure of sodium chloride. The title of this thesis was “Calculation of Electron Wave Functions in Sodium Chloride Crystals.”
Throughout the past century, investigations of quantum and particle physics phenomena have proven to show the most significant concepts and ideas in the physical and sub-atomic world. However, the discoveries yet to be made are endless. One of the most fascinating concepts in the sub-atomic universe is the idea of spintronics. Spintronics is the quantum study of the independent angular momentum (not to be confused with the orbital angular momentum of the electron) of a particle, typically that of an electron (Introduction). An electron is a fundamental particle, with a negative charge, and is independently studied in the process of spintronic devices. The spin angular momentum of electrons is ±½ћ. Devices that use the properties
early 1990’s, no such material was known. In 1991, carbon nanotubes were discovered. Although not
1 David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, Extended, 5th ed. (NewYork:Wiley, 1997) 361
the bulk to ordinary matter; the volume of an atom is nearly all occupied by the
Cyclic voltammetric and amperometic measurements will be performed to measure and detect the current at the working electrode and plotted versus the applied voltage. Electrochemical window of working electrode and electrolyte solution can examine the oxidation/reduction peak of redox species. If absence of redox analyte the cyclic voltammogram will form rectangular shape as voltage constantly varies the current will get to steady state. GO (0.5 g/mL) will be added in to 0.05M Sodium Perborate (PBS) solution. 30 continuous Cyclic voltammograms will be executed in the potential range between 0 to -1.5 V while scan rate at 30 mV/s. A cathodic peak will emerge at -1.0 V with an onset potential of -0.75 V during first cathodic potential scan. Cathodic peak will be disappearing completely after several cycles.
American Institute of Physics. Vol. 1051 Issue 1 (2008). Academic Search Premier.> 224. http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34874307&site=ehost-live.
What are Carbon Nanotubes? Carbon Nanotubes are different structural modifications of carbon. They are also cylindrical carbon molecules that have interesting properties that make them potentially very useful in many applications over many fields industry such as nanotechnology, semiconductor, optics and many other fields of materials science, as well uses in architectural area. They can exhibit extraordinary strength and amazing electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of electric current and heat. Their final usage, might may be limiting from their unknown toxicity.
Diamonds, the beautiful clear-cut gem, the ultimate symbol of esteem and love. I 've always had a love for diamonds, a love I wasn 't sure why existed, maybe it was the promise of the value and self-esteem they brought, or maybe it was the beautiful, shiny presence of them on any valuable ornament. Looking at diamonds, you can tell they are one of a kind, right ? Well aren 't they? I used to be of the former perception, that diamonds are the ultimate height of wealth and value, but not anymore. I have to give credit to my high-school economics teacher, who barged into my argument of how I was going to buy the biggest and most expensive diamond ever, with “you know diamonds are intrinsically worthless right?”. With the shock and awe of any lover
Expo 2020 in Dubai, is set to be a very impactful event that will bring minds together to find solutions to global issues. The miraculous multi-functional material graphene will surely be featured in this world fair and it will definitely play a huge role in the future of not only the UAE, but also the entire world.
Grundmann, Marius. Physics of Semiconductors: An Introduction Including Devices and Nanophysics. New York: Springer, 2006. Print.
Humans these days take electricity for granted. We don’t truly understand what life was like without it. Most young adults will tell you their life does not depend on electricity, but they aren’t fooling anyone. They all know that their life depends on electricity; whether it’s television, their phone, Google, or the lights in their house. We need to stop taking those things for granted and give credit where credit is due. That is why I chose to write about the scientists who contributed to the discovery of electricity, which then helped modern scientists fuel the electricity phenomenons we now have today.
In the modern world, we have many devices that help us with our daily lives. These devices include the cellular phone, the music player and many more but none of these devices would exist without the invention of the transistor. The transistor is essentially the most important device ever created. Not because of what it does but because of what size it is. The transistor is absolutely necessary for our day-to-day lives.
Basic Electronics Electronics Today Advances in electronics have given us pocket calculators, digital watches, heart pacemakers, computers for industry, commerce and scientific reach, automatically controlled production processes, instant viewing on our television screens of events n the other side of the world and a host of other applications. These have become possible largely because we have learned how to build complete circuits, containing thousands of electronic parts, on a tiny wafer of silicon no more than 5mm square and 0.5 mm thick. Microelectronics is concerned with these ‘densely populated’, miniaturized integrated circuits (ICS), or ‘chips’ as they are called, which are changing the way we live and work and challenging us to see that the changes are for the better. Chips are also used to control robots in factories, electric cookers, washing machines and traffic lights; they are the brains behind TV games and microcomputers; they form the hearts of machines for teaching spelling and arithmetic and can even be used to mix cocktails and recognize signatures! Today, electronics is being used to an ever-increasing extent in communication, control and computer systems as well as in domestic products and for medical care. In the first Industrial revolution, machines replaced muscles. In the second, now upon us, and brought about by microelectronics, brainpower is being replaced. Few areas of human activity are likely to escape. Resistance ”Resistance is anything that causes an opposition to the flow of electricity in a circuit. It is used to control the amount of voltage and/or amperage in a circuit. Everything in the circuit causes a resistance (even wire). It is measured in OHMS”. (http://webhome.idirect.com/~jadams/ele...