Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Simplified Rules of Evidence
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
The court case of State of Nebraska v. Gary E. Heitman deals with the conviction of Heitman on charges of criminal conspiracy to commit first degree sexual assault on a minor. “Heitman contends that the evidence was insufficient to convict and that he was entrapped” (Heitman p.1) while the court concluded that “there was sufficient evidence to support the conviction” (Heitman p.1) and “further determined that the district court was not clearly wrong in finding that Heitman was predisposed to commit the crime and that thus, the district court was correct in rejecting his entrapment defense.” (Heitman p.1). I agree with the courts rejection of the entrapment defense based upon things discussed in other entrapment cases and ideas brought up by …show more content…
Entrapment, as defined in State v. Heitman, “is the governmental inducement of one to commit a crime not contemplated by the individual in order to prosecute that individual for the commission of the criminal offense.” (Heitman p.5). It is a defense used to defeat a prosecutor’s claims and if proven true mitigates the legal consequences of the defendant’s unlawful conduct. There are two essential elements that determine whether someone is entrapped: “ (1) the government induced the defendant to commit the offense charged and (2) the defendant's predisposition to commit the criminal act was such that the defendant was not otherwise ready and willing to commit the offense.” (Heitman p.5). U.S v. Poehlman is a court case example of entrapment, as it is evident that Poehlman was coerced into committing a crime. Poehlman solely had intentions of traveling to California in order to meet a woman,Sharon, that shared strange fetishes and who he hoped to have a long-term relationship with. Once he arrived in California, Sharon, “offered him some pornographic magazines featuring children, which he accepted and examined. He commented that he had always looked at little girls” (Poelman 3). From there, Mr.Poehlman was arrested and charged for attempted lewd acts with a minor. One issue with this case is that officials were only able to convict him of these charges within California; therefore, if they had not coerced him to traveling to California there would be no case. This shifted the courts ruling from guilty to innocent due to
The applicant Mr. Arthur Hutchinson was born in 1941. In October 1983, he broke into a house, murdered a man, his wife and their adult son. Then he repeatedly raped their 18-year old daughter, having first dragged her past her father’s body. After several weeks, he was arrested by the police and chargedwith the offences. During the trial he refused to accept the offence and pleaded for innocence. He denied accepting the killings and sex with the younger daughter.
The court will likely hold that Andrew Keegan’s (“Mr. Keegan”) actions were a product of a law enforcement officer in influencing his conduct therefore establishing an entrapment defense.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier of 1987-1988 Background: At Hazel East High School, the school has a sponsored newspaper called “The Spectrum” that is written and edited by the students. In May of 1983, the high school principal, Robert E. Reynolds, received the edited version of the May 13th edition. Upon inspecting the paper, he found two articles that he found “inappropriate.” The two articles contained stories about divorce and teen pregnancy. An article on divorce featured a student who blamed her father’s actions for her parents’ divorce.
Freedom is the ability to make decisions and take action by oneself, however when taken from you, freedom feels like a final, desperate attempt to take a breath as the water consumes the entrapped whole. Freedom is a necessity, but when that necessity is taken it can be described as entrapment. Entrapment is the restrictions put on a person by another or, it can affect many negatively as it may cause stress, fear, or abuse. For example various women are in situations like this; where they bear many children and must carry through without a husband, held captive by an abusive husband, or beaten to a pulp for no reason. Various struggles can be made to be free, but to truly be free one must get stand up to the cause of the entrapment.
The last case we will look at involved a man named Gary Dellapenta. Back in 1999 he was charged with using the internet to solicit the rape of a woman who rejected him. Dellapenta posted internet ads on the computer giving out her address, ways to circumvent her alarm and that she had fantasies of being raped. Her father posed as a responder and was able to back trace the IP address to Dellapenta. Dellapenta plead guilty and received three counts of solicitation of sexual assault and was given six years in prison. (Man Charged, 1999)
Therefore, under these ethical standards, prosecutors cannot file charges if there is not enough evidence to support a conviction, they also do not file if it is not in the public interest to do so. This is what makes the possibilities limitless; however, three key factors also play a part in determining which cases to prosecute. If prosecutors follow these three factors in determining cases then the contradiction of limitless discretion and high ethical standards should be remedied for others. These are factors that should be followed are as followed: the seriousness and nature of the offense, the offender’s culpability, and the likelihood of being able to obtain a conviction at a trial. “Ethical conduct, then, must be the core of the prosecutor’s role in the criminal justice system” (Hemmens, Brody, & Spohn, 2013). Therefore, even though prosecutors have almost limitless discretion in their decisions, they still must
The eighth law that can cause a crime to be viewed as a capital crime is “the person murders an individual under six years of age.” (Pilgrim 06) Prolonged media attention reflecting cases on capital crimes committed by women, causes cases to have extreme bias, and causes the judge or jury to neglect the actual case. This is mirrored by the circumstances of the case involving the 2008 disappearance and murder of Caylee Anthony the suspected killer which was the child’s own mother, Casey Marie Anthony. Casey Anthony, the mother of then three-year old daughter Caylee Anthony, was believed to have murdered her daughter in order to avoid parental responsibilities. Although an overwhelming amount of evidence backing up claims and beliefs that Casey Anthony was in fact the perpetrator of the murder, including forensic data connecting decomposition remains of the child to Anthony’s car during the time of the child’s disappearance, and FBI attained data comprising of Google search terms including methods involved in the murder of Caylee from a comp...
In law, we desire to see whether or not the person truly intended to do the crime. We desire to know the amount of agency she had within herself to commit or not commit crime. If she did not have this agency, she most likely was entrapped and does not deserve punishment. The people who are not entrapped are those who would have committed the crime regardless of the involvement by the police. Therefore, they cannot be permitted to entrapment for a legal defense because they themselves initiated the causal change of guilt. The cause was not initiated by the police; instead, the police were simply able to deduce from certain circumstances that a crime was taking place and an arrest was inevitable.
The main factor that exemplifies entrapment in this case is the persistence. As mentioned earlier, it was shown in Mr. Jacobson’s defense that the government’s surveys and mailings continued on for over two years, often without response. Referring back to Sherman v. U.S the court had stated that law enforcement should not manufacture crime but prevent it from occurring. This exemplifies the root of the controversy. Hypothetically, what if the government did not make Mr. Jacobson a target of their sting operation? In this scenario Mr. Jacobson still purchased the Bare Boys magazine, which flagged officials, and as time passed the authorities realized that Keith Jacobson was frequently buying child pornography. In this situation, the violation
...al argument made to keep the jury from hearing the entomological evidence. It is important to understand the practice of entomology and how it relates to criminal cases. The entomologist must have a background in legal practices as well as his or her scientific discipline, (Esf.edu).
McLaughlin v. Heikkila is a case that involves Wilbert Heikklia and David Mc Laughlin who entered into an agreement involving eight parcels to be sold to Mr. Mc Laughlin by Mr. Heikklia. According to Cheeseman (2013), the facts of the case indicate that Mr. Mc Laughlin submitted offers to Mr. Heikklia for the purchase of three parcels and afterwards, McLaughlin submitted earnest-money checks and three printed purchase agreements to Heikklia. According to the Minnesota Court of Appeals, McLaughlin himself never signed any of the agreements. However, his wife did sign two of the agreements and she initiated the third agreement on September 14, 2003. Then, two days later on September 16, 2003 Heikklia made changes to two of the agreements by increasing the cost of the parcels, and he changed the closing dates on all three agreements, including add a reservation of mineral rights to all three (Minnesota Court of Appeals, 2005).
On August 20th, 1989 Lyle and Erik Menendez killed their parents inside their Beverly Hills home with fifteen shot gun blasts after years of alleged “sexual, psychological, and corporal abuse” (Berns 25). According to the author of “Murder as Therapy”, “The defense has done a marvelous job of assisting the brothers in playing up their victim roles” (Goldman 1). Because there was so much evidence piled up against the brothers, the defense team was forced to play to the jurors’ emotions if they wanted a chance at an acquittal. Prosecutor Pamela Bozanich was forced to concede that “Jose and Kitty obviously had terrific flaws-most people do in the course of reminding jurors that the case was about murder, not child abuse” (Adler 103). Bozanich “cast the details of abuse as cool, calculated lies” (Smolowe 48)...
The long standing and illegal practice of rape and sexual abuse is a global issue seen in practically every continent. The legal definition of rape in the state of Florida includes any type of sexual activity involving force or threat of force. Rape occurs when the victim does not give consent or cannot give consent. Florida Laws: FL Statutes - Title XLVI Crimes Section 794.005 part A states, “’Consent’ means intelligent, knowing, and voluntary. Consent does not include coerced submission. ‘Consent’ shall not be deemed or construed to mean the failure by the alleged victim to offer physical resistance to the offender.” For the purpose of this paper it’s vital to compare the legal standard of rape and consent in the U.S., with what is being broadcasted throughout the nation.
Identify the difference between the subjective and objective tests of entrapment. Identify two elements in the subjective test of entrapment and the two kinds of circumstances the government can use to prove defendants' predisposition to commit crimes. The subjective version of the defense has a two-part structure. In most courts employing the subjective version, a defendant wishing to assert entrapment must first establish by a preponderance of the
For my Final Project Analysis, I will be addressing Case 3: Police and Sex. In Spotsylvania, VA the police department uses undercover police officers to purchase sex from prostitutes. The Spotsylvania Sheriff Howard Smith defends this practice as a way to receive higher convictions and to remove prostitution from Spotsylvania County. In order to prove sexual activity there has to be the actual act of performance. The act of engagement is a felony, which allows the police to take over all assets of the defendant. Smith believes this is the only way to deter prostitution in his jurisdiction.