Gangs and Injunctions
explanatory Essay
1320 words
Gangs and Injunctions Criminal activities and gangs have mostly always been an on going problem in the United States. Gangs and gang members are frequently involved with a variety of different crimes. The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey reported that there are approximately 774,000 active gang members in the United States (Egley, Howell, & Moore, 2010). The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey also states that there are about 27,900 active gangs in the United States (Egley et al., 2010). The active gangs in California have caused a major impact on the state in many ways. According to the California Department of Justice, approximately 300,000 gang members are living in California (Crawford, 2009). California also attributes more than 25 percent of all homicides to gang activity (Crawford, 2009). This is a staggering huge amount. The rise of gang involvement and gang crime has led law enforcement to issue and enforce gang injunctions. However, these gang injunctions do not completely eliminate gang crime and they have no effect after one year of being issued. Also, gang injunctions interfere with the lives of normal people in society. Gang involvement has been quite higher than past years. The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey estimates that about 32.4 percent of all cities, suburban areas, towns, and rural counties had a gang problem (Egley et al., 2010). This represented a 15 percent increase from the year 2002. The total number of gangs has also increased by 28 percent and total gang members have increased by 6 percent (Egley et al., 2010). This shows how relevant gang related activity is in today’s society. More locations are beginning to experience gang activity for the first time. Gang crime has also been on the rise in the past... ... middle of paper ... ...f Caldwell, Beth. American Journal of Criminal Law 37.3 (2010): 241-290. Crawford, L. (2009). No way out: An analysis of exit processes for gang injunctions. California Law Review, 97(1), 161-193. Egley, A., Howell, J., & Moore, J. (2010). Highlights of the 2008 National Youth Gang Survey. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/229249.pdf Egley, A., & Major, A. (2004). Highlights of the 2002 National Youth Gang Survey. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200805.pdf Egley, A., & O’Donnell, C. (2008). Highlights of the 2006 National Youth Gang Survey. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200805.pdf Foner, E. (2008). Give me Liberty: An American History. New York, Ny: WW. Norton & Company. Siegal, Nina. “Ganging up on Civil Liberties”. Progressive. 61.10(2005):28.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the rise of gangs has led law enforcement to issue and enforce injunctions, which have no effect after one year of being issued.
- Explains that the 2008 national youth gang survey estimates that about 32.4 percent of all cities, suburban areas, towns, and rural counties had a gang problem.
- Explains how law enforcement uses gang injunctions to stop crime before it actually takes place.
- Explains that the first gang injunction was established in 1987 and law enforcement believes that they can help increase the safety of the community.
- Explains that the 2006 national youth gang survey defines a gang as "a group of youths in your jurisdiction that you are willing to classify as.
- Explains that gang injunctions challenge the first amendment that we are all born with. they restrict individuals from living their lives freely.
- Analyzes how gang injunctions violate due process rights without letting individuals fairly defend themselves.
- Explains that jeffrey grogger conducted an analysis of reported crime statistics in order to measure the effects of 14 gang injunctions within los angeles communities within a time period of one year.
- Explains that the up rise of criminal activities and gang membership has led the united states government to enforce injunctions.
- Cites a brief review of federal and state definitions of the terms gang, gang crime, and gang member.
- Summarizes egley, howell, and moore's highlights of the 2008 national youth gangsurvey.
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- Gangsexplanatory essayGangs are surrounding the world and they consist of some of the most violent, ignorant, and prejudicial people in existence. Gangs started to emerge their power around the 1800’s; as time went on, the intensity and violence drastically increased. Today, some of the most popular gangs in the world include MS-13, The Bloods, The Crips, Latin Kings, Yakuza, and Barrio 18. In some prisons in America, more than half of the inmates are gang members. Although gangs are still slightly out of control, law enforcement has done an excellent job at figuring out the complex signs of gang activity.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that gangs started to emerge their power around the 1800’s; as time went on, the intensity and violence drastically increased.
- Explains that the large outburst of violence began in the 1960's with a gang known as the "cribs".
- Explains that the crips started disturbing neighborhoods in the early 1970's in south central los angeles. the anti-crip alliance then started wearing red which gave them the epithet "the bloods".
- Describes yakuza as one of the world's most dangerous gangs, which began in japan and has a unique culture that is questionably mysterious.
- Explains that the world's most dangerous gang, mara salvatrucha, was formed in the 1970s in los angeles by a group of teens that had immigrated from el salvador due to the civil war.
- Opines that schools need to educate students about the devastation and horror of violence and the outcomes of joining a gang.
- Cites 21st-century yakuza: recent trends in organized crime in japan part 1: japanfocus.
656 wordsRead More - Innocent Children, Violent Gangsanalytical essayGangs are responsible for ten to twenty percent of the criminal activity in the United States, which estimates to an approximate thirty to sixty billion dollars of taxpayers' money a year. Gangs are often associated with the use of drugs, including heroine and marijuana. Gangs also are connected to the illegal use of many weapons and as a result, many bloody murders. So, it is...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that many ideas to rid of gangs have been thrown about in the government system, but nothing real concrete has ever been stated.
- Argues that if action were taken immediately and more seriously, gangs might not be as prominent as they are today.
- Opines that if gangs and violence were abolished in the united states, more children would live to see a bright future.
- Cites kennedy, leslie, and stephen baron, routine activities and a subculture of violence, journal of research in crime and delinquency, vol.
- Explains that gangs are a problem in nearly every state and 83 percent of the largest cities in the united states. they offer identity, belonging, protection, money, sex, and status.
- Analyzes krivo, peterson, lo, chun-nui, and lo's work on disadvantaged neighborhoods and urban crime.
1185 wordsRead More - Critical Analysis Of Gangster Girlsanalytical essayCritical Analysis: According to FBI.gov, gangs poison streets with drugs, violence, and all manner of crime. The FBI statistics show that there are 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs within the United States today. Today gangs consists of 1.4 million members. The copyright of, An Introduction to Juvenile Justice, was in 2013. In a little over two years, gangs have increased by 5,000 and consists of over 269,000 new members. In my critical opinion, that shows our efforts need to be reevaluated and adjusted accordingly.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that gangs poison streets with drugs, violence, and all manner of crime. the copyright of an introduction to juvenile justice was in 2013.
- Explains that youths join gangs primarily for a sense of belonging, status, success, self-esteem, and cohesion.
- Explains that suppression is the most used but considered the least effective intervention strategy with gangs.
- Explains that frederick thrasher studied 1,313 gangs with roughly 25,000 members in chicago, which were characterized by transience, immigrant youth, poor living conditions, and social disorganization.
- Analyzes how frederick thrasher's innovative research in 1936 is exactly what we see today. without the tools and necessities to achieve success, children and young adults recreate their own version of success.
- Explains that bloch and neiderhoffer expanded on thrasher's ideas, arguing that gangs were different from other juvenile groups simply by a matter of degree.
- Opines that even after gang members are locked up, they still hold status of success and search for a feeling of belonging among the other inmates.
- Explains that thraster research, block and neiderhoffer's ideas behind gang activity, are supported by the film gangster girls.
- Explains frederick thrasher's view that gangs are characterized by transience, immigrant youth, poor living conditions, and social disorganization. vicky and her sister were victims of family trauma.
- Analyzes how block and neiderhoffer's ideas expanded onto thrashers. they proposed that gangs were different from other juvenile groups simply by a matter of degree.
722 wordsRead More - What Are Gangs and Who Are Their Memebersanalytical essayWhat is a gang? What is the difference between a gang and a peer group? How can a gang member be defined? These are three very common and difficult questions to answer within all disciplines. The most common discipline to address gangs, their members, and their activities is criminal justice which includes local, state, and federal law enforcement. The problem arises when these three jurisdictions and many others attempt to agree on one definition of a gang, which has proven to be a daunting task. For the purpose of coming to a general agreement for classifying a group as a gang and an individual as a gang member, while avoiding as many discrepancies as possible, James C. Howell has presented a chapter, Defining Gangs and Gang Members, in his book, Gangs in America’s Communities, that provides a review of the earliest definitions of a gang, common mannerisms, important factors of a gang definition, indications of gang members and components of structure, and finally the discussion of a reasonable, more efficient definition.
In this essay, the author
- Explains how james c. howell has presented a chapter, defining gangs and gang members, in his book, "gangs in america's communities."
- Analyzes the earliest definitions of gangs in large cities such as chicago and los angeles due to the vast amount of immigration.
- Explains the common characteristics of gangs, such as the tendency to define a territory or meeting place as their own and defend it at all means necessary.
- Explains that the early definitions provided groundwork to build upon in the effort of reaching an agreement, and the commonalities of features discovered among gangs gave more insight on what the definition of a group should include.
- Explains that gangs are groups that cause turmoil in society and are prosecuted for their actions. the extent of organization and structure determines a group's identity.
- Explains the different types of gang structure and members that fit within the structure. a vertical or horizontal structure consists of sets or cliques that are affiliated with nations or supergangs.
- Argues that a gang definition should include criminal activity, set space or turf, and organization.
- Opines that the definition of a gang should include all factors that distinguish them from other peer groups.
- Cites spergel, i. a., and morris, m. tonry and n. morris.
- Analyzes thrasher's study of 1,313 gangs in chicago.
- Opines that tita, g. e., riley, k. j. ridgeway, grammich, c. abrahamse, and greenwood, p. w.
- Agrees with the reasonable definition and the factors that should be included in howell's (2012) book.
2308 wordsRead More - Gang Membership and Trajectoriesargumentative essayIn the United States gang membership has exploded over the last twenty years. According to 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment, there are approximately 1.4 million gang members, and they account for 48% of all violent crimes and an increase of non-violent crimes nationwide (Wong, Tohn, Hung & Ang, 2013). Participation within a gang increases the likelihood of delinquent behavior and could produce negative effects on future life trajectories. Several theories at present consider antisocial attitudes an underlying factor towards gang membership. Risk factors such as peer association and family have an underlying effect on whether an adolescent becomes a member of a gang. Peers may provide negative influences, including antisocial views and aggressiveness that encourages delinquent behavior if not previously present (Howell & Egley, 2005). Additionally, gangs are no longer thought of as requiring lifelong membership as adolescents frequently transition out of them after one or two years (Howell & Egley, 2005). Transitions are important because they signal that an individual is altering his or her trajectory. Elder (1997) stated that trajectories are age-graded patterns of development with respect to major social institutions such as family, school and work that link “social and psychological states over a substantial portion of the life course” (as cited in Krohn, Ward, Thornberry, Lizotte & Chu, 2011). Numerous risk factors play a significant part in the development of future trajectories.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that in the united states gang membership has exploded over the last twenty years.
- Explains that risk factors for gang membership have been identified at five major levels: individual, family, school, peers and community. early onset of delinquency and antisocial behavior among pre-adolescents could indicate criminality.
- Explains that adolescent's lack of attention or commitment to completion of education, peer association, and community environment have an effect on adolescents, especially in high-crime areas.
- Explains how theories come into play with gang membership and how can they explain changes in future trajectories. thornberry, krohn, lizotte, & chard-wierschem's models of selection, social facilitation, and enhancement account for short/long term association of delinquent adolescents
- Explains that gang membership can impede adolescent development due to antisocial behaviors and weaken social bonds. this impediment induces premature transitions of trajectories.
- Explains that past research has connected risk factors to adolescence delinquency and gang membership. gangs attract adolescents with similar antisocial behaviors and attitudes.
- Concludes that hirschi and gottfredson's self-control theory predicts current gang membership, but it doesn't account for past/future associations.
- Explains that differential association theory provides reason for someone joining a gang, such as companionship, protection from rivals, or feeling of family. gang members trust one another and look for individuals with self-control.
- Explains that past studies have indicated mixed results of predictability of self-control, differential association and gang membership.
- Explains that akers/sutherlands differential association provides predictions for past/future association with gang membership.
- Explains howell, egley, and pyrooz's theoretical and empirical extension of the literature on self-control, differential association and gang membership.
- Explains krohn, ward, thornberry, lizotte, a. j., & chu, r. the cascading effects of adolescent gang involvement across the life course.
- Analyzes the relative impact of gang status transitions: identifying the mechanism of change in delinquency.
1097 wordsRead More - Gang Violence in Philadelphiaopinion essayThe presence of gang violence has been a long lasting problem in Philadelphia. Since the American Revolution, gangs have been overpopulating the streets of Philadelphia (Johnson, Muhlhausen, 2005). Most gangs in history have been of lower class members of society, and they often are immigrants into the U.S (Teen Gangs, 1996). Gangs provided lower class teens to have an opportunity to bond with other lower class teens. However over time, the original motive of being in a gang has changed. In the past, gangs used to provide an escape for teens to express themselves, let out aggression, and to socialize with their peers. It was also an opportunity for teens to control their territory and fit in (Johnson, Muhlhausen, 2005). In the past, authorities would only focus on symptoms of gang violence and not the root. They would focus on arresting crime members instead of preventing gang violence. Gangs are beginning to expand from inner-city blo...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that gang violence in philadelphia is a major issue that will contribute to the collapse of philadelphia, and it has yet to be solved throughout many generations.
- Explains that gang violence has been a long-lasting problem in philadelphia since the american revolution. gangs provided an escape for teens to express themselves, let out aggression, and socialize with peers.
- Opines that arresting gang members is a temporary solution, but it's not the best solution to completely end the violence.
- Opines that keeping children away from gang populated areas creates a divide in society. teens in the past have been drawn to rebellion and trouble, so the upcoming generations will not be any different.
- Opines that the best solution to gang violence is a family's support of education and productivity. philadelphia is also home to negative influences that test society’s moral values.
- Explains that gang violence has become a distraction in philadelphia schools, and argues that early education is the key prevention tactic.
- Argues that productivity during teen years is one of the best prevention techniques to end gang violence. afterschool programs give kids a place to go and keep them off the streets.
- Argues that a positive and supportive family dynamic is mandatory for preventing gang violence.
- Argues that it's important to help families that are struggling economically and mentally with raising children.
- Opines that gang violence can only be prevented by attacking the origin of the issue by using family support, education, and alternative positive activities for teens.
- Explains that fight crime invest in kids gang prevention comments. retrieved march 30, 2014.
- Explains that north american transnational youth gangs: breaking the chain of violence.
- Cites martin, k., and the augusta chronicle. parents asked to get involved in kids' lives.
- Explains mcneil, herschberger, and nedela's model of low-income families with potential gang involvement in the american journal of family therapy.
- Explains scott, s., the mayoral agenda: what to do about gang violence. weekend edition saturday.
- Explains shute, j. family support as a gang reduction measure. children & society, 27(1), 48-59.
- Explains that "teen gangs and crime". issues & controversies on file. retrieved mar. 29, 2014.
- Explains that "teen gangs". issues & controversies on file. retrieved mar. 29, 2014.
2395 wordsRead More - National Gang Reportexplanatory essayAccording to the 2015 National Gang Report (NGR) from the National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC) almost half of law enforcement juristictions across the United States reported a rise in street gang membership and street gang activitiy. My communitty is no exception.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that according to the 2015 national gang report (ngic), almost half of law enforcement juristictions across the united states reported a rise in street gang membership.
- Explains that the hilltop crips claim territory on the west side of the city and use the traditional blue color associated with them. they are involved in low level drug dealing, property crime, and prostitution.
- Describes the kaika klan outlaws (kko), a bloods gang, which dominates the east side of akron.
- Explains that the hell's angels are the most active and dangerous gang in akron. they are known for drug dealing, extortion, and prostitution.
- Explains that akron public schools has a low level of street gang activity in the district.
- Explains that there are school resource officers (sros) at each of the middle and high school campuses. they are police officers from akron police department or deputies from the summit county sheriff's office.
686 wordsRead More - Gangs Essayopinion essayGangs are very unsafe to every person in society. “Gangs are groups of people (mostly young males) who band together for security and a sense of belonging. The U.S. Department of Justice officially defines a youth gang as a group of young people involved in criminal activity”. There are about one million gang members in more than 20,000 criminally active gangs in the United States. Also, that group of about one million people is accountable for up to eighty percent of our nation’s crimes. Since 2005, gangs have nationally added about 200,000 members. This is why more action from the community needs to be taken to help with the growing gang-related crimes here in America.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that there are many reasons why young people join gangs, such as an unstable home or family life, poverty, or the need for protection. washington's anti-gang act focuses on prevention, intervention, and suppression.
- Advises that when dealing with youth that sell drugs, focus on why they are selling (self esteem, money, power, etc.).
- Recommends identifying all youth on probation and parole in your population to neutralize their leadership as gang members.
- Opines that communities and schools should help stop gangs, such as removing graffiti, preventing retaliation, and educating witnesses on the consequences of their criminal actions. vancouver's task force was disbanded in 2002.
- Opines that innocent people can be affected by gangs, even if they don't know someone in one. in honduras in 2004, a bus with 28 passengers was murdered by gun men.
- Explains that gangs are unsafe to everyone in society. they are a group of young people who band together for security and belonging, and are accountable for up to eighty percent of our nation's crimes.
- Explains a california law from 2007 that makes some gang members' parents take classes that teach violence prevention, but the parents have to pay out of their own pocket.
1455 wordsRead More - Book Review: Policing Gangs in Americaanalytical essayThis book review covers Policing Gangs in America by Charles Katz and Vincent Webb. Charles Katz has a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice, while Vincent Webb has a Ph.D. in Sociology, making both qualified to conduct and discuss research on gangs. Research for Policing Gangs in America was gathered in four cities across the American Southwest; Inglewood, California, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Phoenix, Arizona. This review will summarize and discuss the main points of each chapter, then cover the relationship between the literature and class discussions in Introduction to Policing and finally it will note the strengths and weaknesses of book.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how policing gangs in america is directly linked to the class material covered in introduction to police.
- Explains that policing gangs in america had a number of strengths and weaknesses, especially as literature assigned for outside reading.
- Analyzes how policing gangs in america's focus is to get the research on gang units, and how they work in conjunction with new community police measures out there.
- Summarizes and analyzes the main points of each chapter of policing gangs in america.
1721 wordsRead More - Gang Violence : The City Of Los Angelesanalytical essayThe City of Los Angeles is the “gang capital” of the nation. There are more than 450 active gangs in the City of Los Angeles. Many of these gangs have been in existence for over 50 years. These gangs have a combined membership of over 45,000 individuals. Gang violence has for a long time been a major issue. Now it may not be as bad as it was back in the 90’s when it really first surfaced but gang violence is still a critical issue. A place where gang violence has really been an issue is none other than the state of California.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that los angeles is the 'gang capital' of the nation, with over 450 active gangs and a combined membership of over 45,000 individuals.
- Explains that los angeles has a big issue in containing gang violence. compton, california is known for its.
- Analyzes how the state of california has spent a lot of money to rid their streets of gang-related violence. the city of salinas had 131 shootings and 15 homicides in 2010.
- Opines that california has done better since the 90's by having more officers and smarter officers. the killing of rodney king in 1992 led to massive riots in los angeles.
- Opines that the legendary rap group n.w.a was the reason why gang violence was at an all-time high during the 90's.
- Explains that gangs aren't a new thing, as crime rates have dropped, but the number of violent crimes in los angeles has increased over the past five years.
- Analyzes how the gang-related crime rates in 2015 have increased by 20 percent from 2014, with 31 percent more people shot with two more homicides.
- Explains that the city of los angeles is putting in money by expanding the cops target areas in certain areas that have had more gang activity over the past year.
- Explains that the city and police were fed up with all the gang violence that had gone on over the past couple of years and would continue to pour money to attempt to stop the violence.
- Explains the gang sentencing enhancement law, which is a two-part law that punishes gang members and those who associate with them.
- Explains how social media can help stop gang plans for violent crimes by catching a possible tweet or an instagram post and reporting it to the police before anything comes to fruition.
1208 wordsRead More