Theory of fundamental analysis
Economic analysis
Industry analysis
Company analysis
Fundamental analysis: Fundamental analysis is ways of scientific analysis as it try to estimate the intrinsic worth of the company. It analysis the basic fundamental criteria of the company like sales, profits, balance sheet studies. It involves assessing short and long term prospects of different industries and companies. It may also involve studying interest levels, capital market conditions and then out for national economy and also the economies of trading partner countries. One of the most important factors of affecting price of a corporate security is the actual/ expected profitability of the issuing company. Fundamental analysis pays…show more content…
In this essay, the author
Explains fundamental analysis as a non-speculative approach of evaluating equity shares on value based method.
Explains that the stock market is an integral part of the economy of a country.
Explains that monsoon,wart,inflation,foreign exchange reserves, public debt and foreign debt, budgetary deficit, domestic savings and capital output ratio, infrastructure are some of the important economic indicators.
Opines that a devaluation of the currency in the home country would make the company’s product more attractive in other countries, and its would also make imports more expensive.
Explains that inflation has an enormous effect on the economy. it erodes purchasing power and costs competitiveness, and domestic companies prosper.
Explains that a low interest rate stimulates investment and industry conversely, high interest rates result in higher cost of production and lower consumption.
Explains that the level of taxation in a country has direct effects on the economy if tax rates are low, people have more disposable income, and incentive to work harder and earn more.
Analyzes how the liberalization policy of the narasimha rao government excited the developed world and foreign companies grew keen to invest in india. the former bjp government in improving the infrastructure grabbed the attention of foreign investors.
Explains that india's economy is an agrarian one and is dependent on monsoon economic activity.
Explains that technical analysis is simply the study of prices as reflected on price charts. it assumes that current prices represent all known information about the markets.
Explains that dow theory is a theory on stock price movements that proved sly basis for technical analysis. it was originally derived for the editorials of charles h.dow (1851-1902) journalist.
Explains that bull market is broad upward movement of the market that may last several years, interrupted by secondary reactions, while bear market are long declines.
Explains that secondary movement usually retraces from one third to twp third pf the primary trend. it covers a period ranging from days to weeks.
Explains that daily fluctuations are important for short-term trading, but are unimportant in analysis of broad market movements as its caused by daily variatio0ns due to local causes and the balance of buying and selling at that particular time.
Explains that a bull trend is identified by rallies where each rally exceeds the highest point of the previous rally. the decline ends above the lowest point.
Explains that the series of higher highs and higher lows is first brken by a lower low. there are two possible interpretations.
Analyzes how each successive rally fails to penetrate the high point of the previous rally. each decline terminates at a lower point than presiding decline.
Explains that bear trends start at the end of a bull trend, whereas rally ends with lower peak and then retreats below the previous low.
Explains that a stable political environment is necessary for steady,balanced grouth, while instability causes insecurity.
It is the integral part of the economy of a country, more so in a free economy like USA and to some extent in a mixed economy like India. After the new liberalized economic policy implementation say after 1991 India is also emerging as a free economy. To get an insight in to the complexities of the stock market, one needs to develop a sound economic understanding and be able to interpret the impact of important economic indicator on stock market.
Important economic analysis indicators:- monsoon,wart,inflasion,foreign exchange reserves public debt and foreign debt, budgetary deficit, domestic savings and capital output ratio, infrastructure. Government policy, interest rate, taxation policy, balance of trade, employement,political situation and international developments are some of the important economic indicators. A favorable monsoon has appositive impact on stock markets.
Key economic indicators:-
There are some indicators to access the Indian economy. Main indicators:-
Rainfall, agricultural production, money supply, corporate profits, saving to investment ratio, credit position, stock market index, unemployment rate and…show more content…
On the other hand, instability causes insecurity, especially if there is the possibility of government being ousted and replaced by another that holds diametrically different political and economic beliefs.
Foreign exchange risk:
This is a real risk and one must be congnizant of the effect of a revaluation or devaluation of the currency either in the home country or in the country the company deals in devaluation in the home country would make the company’s product more attractive in other country. its would also make imports more expensive and if a company is dependent on import margins can get reduced. On the other hand devaluation in the country to which one export would make the company’s products more expensive and this can adversely impact sales.
Inflation:
Inflation has an enormous effect in the economy. Within the country it erodes purchasing power as a consequence, demand falls if the rate inflation in the country from which a company imports is high then the cost competitiveness of the product finally manufactured. Conversely, if the rate of inflation in the country to which one export if high, the products stability and domestic companies and industries prosper art such
“Macroeconomic indicators include economy-wide phenomena such as unemployment rates, national income, rates of growth, gross domestic product, inflation, and price levels” (Page & Stevens, 2005).
In this essay, the author
Explains that the fact that most generations follow the class that they are born into does not mean their “family values” are lessened of other classes.
Explains that labor markets affect poverty levels because there are fewer opportunities available for people to achieve jobs when the market is down. a motivated individual that is improverished can achieve an american dream through hard work and determination.
Explains that macroeconomic indicators include economy-wide phenomena such as unemployment rates, national income, rates of growth, gross domestic product, inflation, and price levels.
Analyzes how the 20/20's episode "waiting on the world to change" visually shows how bad families in america actually have it.
Opines that the 12th wealthiest country in the world could allow a percentage of 15.5 million children to live in poverty.
Deliberate fixing of the exchange rate or preannounced rates of depreciation below the prevailing rates of inflation, have been adopted in various countries to break inflation. The experience has been almost unif...
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how changes in exchange rates veer from the ppp but also influence the path of a country's inflation. high inflation causes everything to become more expensive, which could take down companies and the need for jobs.
Explains that ppp problems go into exchange rate policy when a country seeks to gain advantages by veering the exchange rates away from p.p.
Explains that deliberate fixing of the exchange rate or preannounced rates of depreciation has been adopted in various countries to break inflation. the cases of chile and argentina in the late 1970s were extreme.
Analyzes how the scheme collapsed leaving the private sector with foreign goods or foreign assets and the governments with huge foreign debts.
Explains that ppp disparities are relevant for the exchange rate choice between flexible and fixed or managed rates. flexible rates allow a country to choose its preferred rate of inflation.
Explains that flexible rates are preferable because there is no risk that the government pegs a rate that no longer corresponds to equilibrium. disequilibrating capital flows can drive the real exchange rate away from the level warranted by the fundamentals of the goods market.
Explains that expansionary monetary policy can only be effective if wages and prices are less than fully flexible and will be more effective the more flexible the exchange rate.
Economic Risk economic conditions (economic stability, investment climate, degree of nationalization of industries, property rights, labor force development)
In this essay, the author
Explains that every food item sold in canada must meet the health and safety requirements.
Explains that any filthy, putrid, disgusting, rotten, decomposed or diseased animal or vegetable substance can be found in whole or in part.
Explains that every business activity consists of various risks, that directly or indirectly affect your business activities.
Explains economic risk economic conditions (economic stability, investment climate, degree of nationalization of industries, property rights, labor force development).
Explains that canada is a safe place to conduct business, and it is welcoming to foreign investors. the important drawback is the increase of government intervention in some sectors, like the power industry.
Opines that wars and piracy are not much of an issue, as both countries armed forces have maintained an enduring cooperation. the relationship is reflected by being excellent partners in the multilateral sphere.
Opines that the euro zone is the main external risk to the financial stability in canada.
Analyzes the negative feedback loop between instabilities in the banking sector, high sovereign and private sector debt, and a sluggish economic recovery.
Opines that the increasing level of household indebtedness and imbalances in some segments of the housing market are the most important domestic sources of risk to financial stability in canada.
Opines that low interest rates contributed to the shifting expectations of the monetary policy. a sharp rise in long-term rates, tighten to an adverse financial or political event, can result in significant disruption across financial markets and investor will lose the buildup of openness in the financial system.
Explains that canadians are drowning in debt day by day. canada witnessed the lowest economic growth since the great recession of 2008 to 2009.
Explains that the canadian dollars (cad) is stronger than the turkish lira (try), so there is no risk associated when importing from turkey.
Explains that the average cdn (the dotted lines) has been increasing since the last 5 years.
Cites the canadian food inspection agency's section d - general requirements for foods: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/imports/commercial-importers
Summarizes t. r.'s emerging europe monitor, vol. 19 issue 4, p2-2.
Explains the cfia recommends that food companies establish effective allergen controls to prevent undeclared allergies and cross-contamination.
Explains that there isn't much of monopoly in the canadian market regarding dried apricot, though there are some small players.
Explains that canada's economy in 2014: the biggest risks. keller, j. no immediate end to truckers strike despite proposal from port, gov't.
As you can see it is crucial for companies and consumers to be sure to keep a close eye on exchange rates. Changes in the exchange rate affects all areas of business. A stronger currency makes importers happy, because it costs less for them to bring the goods into the country. Meanwhile, it makes exporters sad, because it costs more for foreign companies to purchase their products, which leads to decreased demand. A currency that is depreciating has the exact opposite affect. Foreign direct investors would like to see a weak currency so that they can purchase capital in their new country at lower prices. Finally, tourists would also like to see a weaker currency, because it allows them to visit a country at less expensive price, because they are able to buy more local currency.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how the spanish peseta appreciated in value against both the us dollar and the japanese yen during september 2000 until august 2002.
Concludes that the peseta strengthened against both currencies during the two year period as a whole.
Explains that many factors are involved in making up the value of an exchange rate, making it difficult to contribute changes to a specific economic factor.
Explains that the merchandise balance deficit in spain was 35.26 billion, down 6.7% from the figure in 2000. the turnaround in international economic activity and the appreciable slowdown in prices caused the peseta to depreciate
Explains the introduction of the euro to the spanish economy on january 1, 2002. the spanish peseta had an abrupt turnaround after january 1st.
Explains that the economic situation in europe fully reflected the international turnaround. spain heavily relies on tourism to bring in money.
Explains that tourism is increasingly important to economic development, especially in coastal regions, since it's important for the country to try to keep the exchange rate stable.
Explains that exchange rate changes, which alter the relative prices of traded goods in foreign countries, are arguably the most important variable determining a country's trade competitiveness.
Explains that changes in the exchange rate result in raising or lowering the prices of spanish goods in local currency terms, while a depreciating peseta lowers these prices.
Explains that the peseta is at its strongest point since the beginning of 2001, which would be a bad time for their company to invest in spain.
Explains the importance of keeping a close eye on exchange rates. a stronger currency makes importers happy, while depreciating currencies make exporters sad, which leads to decreased demand.
There are very many different economic indicators that are used to analyze economic activity of a company, industry, country, or region. There are three different general trends (directions for prices or rates) in the economy. "Those with predictive value are leading indicators; those occurring at the same time as the related economic activity are coincident indicators; and those that only become apparent after the activity are lagging indicators. Examples are unemployment, housing starts, Consumer Price Index, industrial production, bankruptcies, GDP, stock market prices, money supply changes, and housing starts also called business indicators." (http://www.investorwords.com/1643/economic_indicator.html)
In this essay, the author
Explains that this paper is a macroeconomic forecast outline of pfizer, inc.
Explains that total revenues increased 17% to $52.5 billion in 2004 and 39% to $44.7 billion, primarily due to the acquisition of pharmacia corporation (pharmacia) on april 16, 2003, the impact of foreign exchange and strong product performance.
Explains that net income increased to $11.4 billion in 2004 compared to $3.9 billion and $9.1 billion respectively. 2003 results reflect one-time charges associated with the acquisition of pharmacia.
Explains that the following sources of data will be utilized in forecasting economic trends for the pharmaceutical industry.
Describes the pfizer web site and corporate documents (or any corporate web site that includes financial information).
Analyzes the main economic indicators related specifically to pharmaceutical company pfizer, inc, such as overall performance, revenue, net income, research and development, cost and expenses.
Explains how pfizer's revenue and net income are important economic indicators. revenue increases were due to the inclusion of pharmacia results for the full year 2004.
Compares the survey of professional forecasters with the livingston survey, blue chip economic indicators, and national association of business economists.
Explains that forecasts are important for many decisions, such as how much to increase labor force or whether the demand for a new product is likely to be sufficient.
Following the trend of economy, it is important to investors to understand that strong economy creates strong stock market. To elaborate further, as stock prices are increased by current and future expectations of earnings, thus without a strong economy it would be difficult for the companies to increase and sustain their earnings (Kong 2013). The economy development is usually calculated using the gross domestic product of a countries. On the other hand, a change is the stock price can also cause a major impact to the consumers and investors directly. Hence, a loss in confidence by investors can cause a downturn in consumer spending in the long term, which will also affect the economy’s output (Aysen 2011). The graph below shows the relationship of stock market price (KLCI) and the GDP of Malaysia in 2009. Thus, it can be concluded that the economy and the stock market has a positive relationship.
In this essay, the author
Explains that strong economy creates strong stock market, as stock prices are increased by current and future expectations of earnings, making it difficult for companies to increase and sustain their earnings.
Explains that the capital market is a market that consist of stock market as well as the bond market.
Explains that the securities commissions of malaysia will evaluate whether the capability to forbid goods or transactions that are hindering the steadiness of the market or its members is needed.
Explains that the knowledge-based economy is one of the recent industries that gain from the capital market.
Explains that the security commission of malaysia is a self-financing statutory body with investigative and implementation controls that appears for the minister of finance.
Opines that malaysia's islamic capital market (icm) has helped tremendously to the growth of the whole capital market.
Explains that malaysia's stock market & economy disconnect. whither the fbmklci?
Other types of exchange rate risks are translation risk and so-called hidden risk. The translation risk relates to cases where large multinational companies have subsidiaries in other countries. On the financial statement of the whole group, the company may have to translate the assets and liabilities from foreign accounts into the group statement. The translation will involve foreign exchange exposure. The term hidden risk evolves around the fact that all companies are subject to exchange rate risks, even if they don’t do business with companies using other currencies. A company that is buying supplies from a local manufacturer might be affected of fluctuating foreign exchange rates if the local manufacturer is doing business with overseas companies. If a manufacturer goes out of business, or experience heavy losses, it will affect all the companies it does business with. The co...
In this essay, the author
Explains that exchange rates are the amount of one country’s currency needed to purchase one unit of another currency. however, for multinational companies, the rise or fall of a currency can mean getting surplus or deficit on their balance sheets.
Explains the type of exchange risk faced by multinational companies. if a company sells products to an overseas customer, it might be subject to transaction risk.
Explains economic risk is another type of exchange risks companies have to consider when dealing globally. changes in exchange rates affect relative prices on imports and exports, and that will again affect the competitiveness of a company.
Explains the two types of exchange rate risks: translation risk and so-called hidden risk.
Explains interest rate risk as the charge paid by a borrower for to lender for the use of the lender's money.
Explains that companies fix their interest rates on loans for long periods of time and lose money if the interest rate falls below their fixed rate.
Explains that translation risk relates to the fact that changes in the interest rates will change the value of financial assets.
Explains how companies can mitigate exchange rate and interest risk by using internal hedging, such as buying forwards, and timing.
Explains the various models used to explain the term structure of interest rates.
Explains that market segmentation is another theory involving the structure of interest rates. people invest in different segments of the market regardless of change in interest rate.
Explains that the uk yield curve tells us if the professionals think the interest rate is going to rise or fall.
Explains the transaction risk of a uk exporter invoicing us$1,000,000 in january for payment in june.
Compares fixed annual interest, 8%: £2,000,000 x 0.08 = £160,000, with new interest at 6%.
Economic growth is one of the most important fields in economics. In current generation economic is developing well. Economic growth is really important to country and for the world as well. Economic are one of the identity for country because it shows a country development and attraction for other countries (F, Peter. 2014). For example well economic develop such as Singapore, Dubai, New York, and Japan. These countries are well develop and maintaining their economic growths. Economic growths are really important because higher average incomes enables consumers to enjoy more goods and services. Then, lower unemployment with higher output and positive economic growth firms tend to utilize more workers creating more employment. Enhanced public
In this essay, the author
Explains that economic growth is one of the most important fields in economics, as it shows a country development and attraction for other countries.
Argues that economic growth is the most effective instrument for reducing poverty and enhancing the quality of life in developing countries.
Explains that economic growth is a combination of diverse kinds of cash-flow to produce goods and services, but its expenses depend on the kind of growth that economy emerges from sustained and durable growth.
Mainly advantages of location decide the structural growth of the industries in the economy. More number of states in the country faces the problem of advantage location. Similarly, the agriculture sector also suffers from natural calamities and other disturbances. The dependence on agriculture varies considerably across the states.
In this essay, the author
Opines that balanced regional growth is necessary for the harmonious development of a federal state such as india. however, india presents wide regional variations in terms of indicators of economic growth.
Opines that political stability is important for the successful achievement of anything in the country, and maintain regional development because there is difference in income and wealth among the regions.
Opines that regional development is essential to overcome the social evils related to the localization of industries in developed areas alone, which results in overcrowding, noise and congestion.
Explains that regional development helps to develop and conserve resources through establishment of various industries. this leads to the fuller utilisation and conservation of human, agriculture and mineral resources of the region.
Opines that for the smooth functioning of the economy, there is a need for region development since it minimizes inflation pressure.
Opines that regional development is essential for the rapid economic development of the country as a whole.
Opines that the main cause of regional inequality in income and employment in developing countries is due to strong backwash effect and weak spread effects of the economy.
Explains that the establishment of industries in various regions not only helps to develop infrastructural facilities in backward regions, but also provides employment opportunities in such regions.
Explains india's uneven population distribution, birth rate and death rate, leads to disparities among the states.
Explains that india has a few states rich in resources, while some states have low level of resources. this causes regional disparities of the country.
Explains that advantages of location decide the structural growth of industries in the economy, while the agriculture sector suffers from natural calamities and other disturbances.
Explains that indian population has a mixture of culture, variety of languages, and different resources. the difference in occupational structure, literacy level, health status and other socio-economic factors leads to the disparities.
Explains that a planner should improve the average level of development of the country and take care of inter-regional disparities. the indian planners realised the need for regional planning during the fourth five year plan.
Explains that india has formulated many development strategies without paying adequate attention to the developmental needs of the backward regions.
Explains that the government plays a vital role in achieving and promoting economic development of the economy.