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Compare And Contrast China And Japan's Response To Western Penetration

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During the 19th Century, China and Japan each responded differently to western penetration. China was against industrializing and did not want to create an empire like those of the western empires. Japan however learned that if they wanted to survive they had to adopt the changes that the western empires were adopting. Japan began to create an industrialized society and soon became one of the major industrial powers. China went through many rebellions and finally decided to industrialize just enough to be able to fight off the western empires. However, they did not industrialize fast enough or big enough, and they could not defeat the west. Although they responded differently, both China and Japan were affected by western penetration economically, …show more content…

In this essay, the author

  • Analyzes how china and japan responded differently to western penetration during the 19th century. china was against industrializing and did not want to create an empire like those of the western empires.
  • Explains that china and japan had poor militaries. after losing the fight against europe and america in tokyo bay, they began industrializing and enhanced their military by investing in tools from western empires, and gained korea and treaty rights in china.
  • Explains that both china and japan suffered economically at the beginning. the meiji government was doing everything from sending students abroad to learn new technologies to creating modern transportation.
  • Explains that both china and japan's governments put up a good fight against the western empires. the meiji government helped japan become one of the major industrial societies.
  • Analyzes how china and japan responded differently to western penetration in the 19th century. they were affected politically, militarily, and economically by western penetration.

Japan had to open ports to foreign commerce when they lost the fight against Europe and America in Tokyo Bay (Bentley 508). After losing, Japan began industrializing and soon enhanced their military by investing in tools from western empires, who had very strong and powerful militaries. Once Japan had built a strong military they began to fight for Korea. They fought China and “demolished the Chinese fleet in a battle lasting a mere five hours,” and they later gained Korea and treaty rights in China (Bentley 550). China’s military was very weak. After losing Hong Kong and many trading ports to western empires following the Opium War, China was in trouble. Chinese people began rebelling against the Qing Dynasty. After the most popular rebellion, The Taiping Rebellion, China began the Self-Strengthening Movement. “While holding to Confucian values, movement leaders built shipyards, constructed railroads, established weapons industries, opened steel foundries with blast furnaces, and founded academies to develop scientific expertise” (Bentley 543). After doing all of these things, China still did not have a strong enough military. They continued to deal with problems from the western

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      • Explains that du bois identified three other reasons that pushed the succeeding emperor to turn china's resources and policies inward: first was the threat of new mongol invasion, then the slender financial resources to finance aggressive foreign policy.
      • Explains that the hundred years that followed (1450-1550) was the start of divergence of the military pattern between east asia and europe. china engaged in fewer and less intense wars and as a result, military innovation slowed.
      • Explains that kangxi was a progressive leader who understood the significance of military might and led china to defeat russia in the seventeenth century.
      • Compares china and japan's policy of controlling foreign influences and trade of european merchants in the east asia.
      • Explains that the flourishing trade within the asian empires neglected their navies and military forces, while the europeans excelled in sailing and navigational technology.
      • Explains that europe's small kingdoms and nations were in constant war with each other. china was one large empire with one powerful, obstinate, central government that felt the need to improve military technology.
      • Explains that military organizations are shaped by domestic political preferences. their composition, mission, and improvements are all decided by the ruler’s political agenda and the kind of struggles they have encountered.
      1452 words
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    • Western Imperialism Essay
      analytical essay
      ... Imperialism. Their responses and actions to western imperialism would set a foundation for their future destiny in a world that was rapidly changing and moving forward, and leaving the traditional world behind. Both countries shared the fear of foreign influence, China continued to go against foreign influence and ultimately got taken over by western powers after being involved in four wars. On the other hand, Japan was more open to foreign influences and used it to their advantage. As a result, Japan had more technology, gained better understanding in political and moral ideas of western civilization. On the other hand China was against the new advances and couldn’t grow their nation as quick Japan did and was ultimately left behind. During this time of progressive change, one nation seized the opportunity to change and adapt quick enough while the other didn’t.

      In this essay, the author

      • Explains that european countries were implementing a new form of imperialism on many areas during the 19th century. china and japan were appealing areas to colonize.
      • Explains that western imperialism is the practice of which powerful nations seek to extend and maintain control over weaker nations or peoples.
      • Explains that the qing dynasty faced a growing population, peasant unrest, periodic famines, rebellious secret societies, etc. the central authority began to weaken due to the british commercial interests.
      • Explains that china viewed themselves as totally self-sufficient and superior. they were encouraged by the conservative confucian beliefs of their emperors to cling to the ancient and traditional ways of the past.
      • Analyzes how kissinger explains that the europeans did not mean to overtake china's cherished dynasty, but they were seeking to impose world trade concepts on the country.
      • Analyzes how japan allowed foreign influence and utilized it to their advantage. emperor mutsuhito's policies managed to keep western imperialism at bay while it capitalized on western technology, politics, government, trade science and finance.
      • Explains that japan pursued western knowledge to better defend against western power and intervention. the meiji restoration marked the end of feudal privileges and divisions.
      • Explains that japan signed its first unequal treaty when commodore mathew perry of the u.s. arrived with a naval squadron in 1853.
      • Analyzes the impact and traits of western imperialism on these two countries, stating that economics played a key factor.
      • Analyzes how pyle emphasized japan's successes on psychological factors, such as seeking status and power, modernizing themselves to international norms, and expanding in technology, businesses, education and other key areas.
      • Explains pyle's view that the western powers had forced china to open its ports and accept unequal treaties. japan recognized that their military strength was founded in industrial and technological strength.
      • Explains that china and japan had different reactions to western imperialism. both countries shared the fear of foreign influence, while japan was more open to foreign influences and used it to their advantage.
      1466 words
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