Hepatitis B Essay

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Recommended: Hepatitis B structure and function

HBV:-
Hepatitis B virus is a pathogen which causes disease hepatitis B. It infects liver of hominoidae which includes humans resulting in inflammation which causes hepatitis. It was originally called as serum hepatitis which have epidemics in Asia and Africa. It is also endemic in some parts of China. Above than two billion people is infected by hepatitis B virus. It included three hundred and fifty million chronic patients of virus. HBV is transmitted through body fluids or by infectious blood.
Symptoms of hepatitis B:-
Symptoms are:
 Acute illness.
 Liver inflammation.
 Jaundice.
 Vomiting.
 Rarely death.
Chronic hepatitis may cause;
 Liver cirrhosis.
 Liver cancer.
This infection can be prevented by vaccination.
Family:-
HBV belongs to hepadnavirus. This genus contains …show more content…

Virus enters in cell by attachment to unknown receptor and enters through endocytosis. Partial double stranded DNA of virus is changed into full length double stranded DNA which is covalently closed and circular, it acts as transcription template for 4 viral mRNAs. Largest mRNA makes DNA polymerase, capsid proteins and new copies of genome. Long mRNA is transported back to cytoplasm where P protein synthesize DNA by reverse transcription.
Mechanism:-
HBV primarily infect liver by replicating into liver cells which are known as hepatocytes. HBV binds to host cell by preS domain and internalized through endocytosis. Viral clearance and hepatocellular damage are caused as a result of immune response of host during viral infection. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes contributes to liver injury when HBV infects. In addition platelets which are activated at infection site may accumulate CTLs in liver.
Transmission:-
HBV is transmitted by body fluids and exposure to blood. Possible forms are;
 Vertical transmission.
 Contaminated syringes and needles.
 Sexual contact.
 Blood transfusions from mother to baby.

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