The University of Western Australia
Table of Contents
1. Case identification 2
1.1 Material specification 2
1.2 Manufacturing Process 3
1.3 Sea water 3
2. Case analysis 3
2.1 Crevice corrosion: 4
2.2 Pitting corrosion: 4
2.3 Corrosion in weldments 5
3. Recommendations: 5
4. Conclusion: 6
5. References 7
6. Appendix -A. 9
7. Appendix-B (Project Plan) 11
8. Appendix- C (Self evaluation) 12
1. Case identification
The specimen we selected for our case study analysis was a temporary fence found lying near a construction site that was waiting to be erected. This construction site was located opposite to the beach. Fences used in coastal region are more vulnerable to corrosion compared to those used inland, hence the fence wire contained mixture of aluminum and zinc, as a zinc/aluminum fence will last up to four times longer than the galvanized steel wire. This fence had these corrosion protection measures in place however it corroded extensively. The environment in the surrounding area had strong wind gusts, humidity and salinity.
The majority of the corrosion was found on the supporting structure which appears to be painted low carbon steel, moisture has found its way through the paint barrier and the fence has subsequently corroded. For better protection against corrosion Australian standards specify low carbon steel tubing hot dipped with galvanized zinc and Aluminum alloy, whereas the wire was made of steel. Another option to consider is to keep the fence in a non-coastal environment; the fence was located just opposite the coast in a region where winds are strong and contains vaporized sea water. The sea water is an electrolytic substance which enables current to be carried because of ions in the salt and other chemicals dis...
... middle of paper ...
...ommence editing of report
2/04/14 1pm-2pm Complete editing of report, attempt to finish compiling of report
4/04/14 5pm-6pm Full technical report completion of case study
7/04/14 Submit Report for marking
Total Meeting Minutes: approx. 600 minutes
8. Appendix- C (Self evaluation)
Evaluator: Vignesh Manoharan (21431834)
Name Evaluation Percentage
Gurpinder Singh Gill 25
Vignesh Manoharan 25
Yunos Mutahar 25
Osam Abdul Salam 25
Evaluator: Gurpinder Singh Gill (21528312)
Name Evaluation Percentage
Gurpinder Singh Gill 25
Vignesh Manoharan 25
Yunos Mutahar 25
Osam Abdul Salam 25
Evaluator: Yunos Mutahar (20754763)
Name Evaluation Percentage
Gurpinder Singh Gill 25
Vignesh Manoharan 25
Yunos Mutahar 25
Osam Abdul Salam 25
Evaluator: Osam Abdul Salam (20912653)
Name Evaluation Percentage
Gurpinder Singh Gill
Vignesh Manoharan
Yunos Mutahar
Osam Abdul Salam
The wire fencing with which Elisa surrounds her garden is designed to “protect her flower garden from cattle and dogs and chickens.” (Steinbeck 460) What the fence truly does is keep Elisa in. Her energy is isolated to that which the fence encompasses: the house and the garden. In The Chrysanthemums the word ‘fence’ is repeated six times throughout the story with ‘chicken wire’, meaning the fence, said once. This repetition alludes to the fact that the fence is more than a mere object, but a symbol of Elisa's containment in her domestic role. The fence represents boundaries that Elisa will not allow herself to cross.
Breast cancer is the second leading cancer to cause death in women. A combination of factors contributes to the etiology of breast cancer, such as genetic and environmental dynamics [ACS, 2014]. One particular area of interest is the study of metalloestrogens, which are inorganic compounds that can bind to the estrogen receptor and mimic the biological functions of estrogen in breast cancer cells. Arsenic is one such metalloestrogen and has been classified as carcinogenic to humans [IARC]. Studies in humans have shown that long-term exposure to arsenic is associated with bladder, kidney, lung and liver cancers [1,2,3]. Arsenic exposure has also been correlated with an increase in the incidence of breast cancer [4]. People can be exposed to arsenic in different settings such as in the workplace, in drinking water or from medical treatments. Through these methods of exposure, various mechanisms of internalization can take place through inhalation, ingestion, or through skin contact. We hypothesize that prolonged arsenic exposure results in the expression of genes that promote breast cancer progression. In this study, we propose to investigate the effect of prolonged arsenic exposure on gene expression, by comparing the global gene expression of a breast cancer cell line that has been chronically exposed to low-dose arsenic with that of a control cell line. Genes found to be differentially expressed in arsenic adapted cells will be examined further. We also aim to extend our understanding of the direct effect of arsenic, by studying the signal pathway that results in gene expression when arsenic binds to the estrogen receptor.
The fence is the biggest symbol in Fences. In Act I, the fence represents Troy’s relationship with white people; the house’s small dirt yard is “partially fenced, ... with a wooden sawhorse, a pile of lumber, and other fence-building equipment set off to the side.” (Setting Page) (Wilson, 1986) On one side of the road, the fence represents Troy’s hateful thinking towards white people, he has all the tools ready to rebuild the fence, hoping for a result where he keeps every white person away. This psychological response from Troy is logical because of all the suffering he went through because of white-skinned people such as not being able to go professional in baseball and not being able to drive a garbage truck. However, on the other side of the road, the fence represents Troy’s hopeful thinking of the black people forming an alliance with white people in hopes of no more wars and bullying. The precedent can be seen by looking at the slowly deteriorating fence, not being rebuilt, trying to let the two races live on the same territory, not being separated by a big scary fence. Wilson uses symbolism because it is a great way to show how racism took a big toll in Troy’s family’s
One way the Fence is able to represent the plot of the novel, is because it is the physical barrier that is supposed to keep all safe, has many flaws. The Fence is a wall that is electrified, separating the cured from uncureds. The cureds believe that the wall will always keep them safe from the disease, but as Lena finds out in the first novel, Delirium, it has flaws. The flaws of the Fence, represent the flaws of society that Lena is put into after she escapes into the Wilds. The indomitable-never-giving-up movement of eradicating the cure, love finding it’s way into the cured the cities, and how weak the Government is becoming, are a few of the flaws that the flaws in the fence represent. One other way that the fence is able to represent the plot of Pandemonium, is how it separates one’s life from their past and their present. Once the fence is crossed, there is no coming back to live normally. Raven told Lena over and over after she crossed: “There is no before. There is only now, and what comes next” (Oliver 21). This quote shows that the fence may instil fear on the inside, but on the outside it’s a symbol of letting go. Letting go of the past they left behind and beginning a new life as a new person who is allowed to love. Throughout the whole novel of Pandemonium by Lauren Oliver, the Fence is a symbol of flaws and the symbol of separation between the
August Wilson uses the symbol of a 'fence' in his play, Fences, in numerous occasions. Three of the most important occasions fences are symbolized are by protection, Rose Maxson and Troy Maxson's relationship, and Troy against Mr. Death. Throughout the play, characters create 'fences' symbolically and physically to be protected or to protect. Examples such as Rose protecting herself from Troy and Troy protecting himself form Death. This play focuses on the symbol of a fence which helps readers receive a better understanding of these events. The characters' lives mentioned change around the fence building project which serves as both a literal and a figurative symbol, representing the relationships that bond and break in the backyard.
Primarily, the fence keeps people in, just like the government keeps people in line. The government wants to suppress the rampant invalids, and make them seem to be the pinnacle of destruction. The electric fence is the reason Alex did not cross over into the Wilds with Lena. This is an example of separation between the different lives of people in the Zombieland or in the Wilds. Consequently, if one were to break the rules, they would die, just like touching the electric fence.
Stainless steel, especially, Austenitic stainless steel, because of their high corrosion resistance and customizable mechanical properties has become an indispensable part of the regularly evolving modern day technology. Stainless steels of various grades find applications in numerous fields starting from the household to the nuclear reactors; from food and beverage cans to construction of different automobile parts. The formation of impervious oxide layer on the surface makes it suitable for use in adverse environments such as sea water.
I. Martensitic stainless steels have good mechanical strength and are moderately corrosion resistant. Because of their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, martensitic stainless steels are used for manufacturing the steam turbine blades, heat exchangers, automotive components and structures, petrochemical & process piping. Properties of martensitic stainless steel can be changed by the heat treatment. Increasing productivity of any welding process while maintaining or even improving the weld quality has been the task of researchers in the field of development of welding processes. Over the years, welding methods and techniques have developed to great extent [3].
Processed milks are generally homogenized to further disperse the fat globules in the milk. This gives the milk its smooth and uniform texture. It also prevents the rising of cream to the top. After homogenization, softer curds will be produced, and coagulation may no longer be observed.
Stainless steel is a type of alloy that has a very strong lattice structure (an arrangement/ shape of the crystals or other objects) which in some case can be more beneficial than others depending on the type of application it may be used for. In many cases this structure will make the material more suited to being used in engineering applications such as tools for instance a hammer (stainless steel alloys) , also they can be used for gears, engines, electrical motors and hydraulic systems because the structure makes the material so strong. So when the arrangement of the structure is as above it makes the overall material even stronger which makes it a good for all the applications stated above. I believe its strength and durability are its main properties as these are commonly needed in the engineering industry, although it is also very well known to be used for its corrosion resistance as it is resistant to many types of corrosion. It is used for these properties because the components such as gears need to be strong in order to keep transferring and altering the rotary motion and torque exhibited in the machine that it may be used in, durable to withstand any loads or pressure put onto it and also corrosion resistance to give the components a bigger life span and increase its rate of work throughout its required use.
The in both instances where the fence was mentioned, it acted as a physical barrier between Elisa and the men. However, the fence symbolizes
The purpose of this project was to discover how the pH level affects corrosion rate. The hypothesis was if the pH level affects the corrosion rate, then the lower the pH level is quicker the corrosion rate would be. This will happen because liquids below the pH level of 7 possess stronger acidic attributes. The effect of pH level on corrosion rate was determined by depositing a copper penny in each of three plastic cups, and then three different liquids by their pH levels, were assigned to be displaced into each cup formulating a chemical reaction to be observed. The results collected during this investigation contradicted with the intended result, this experiment was conducted to determine corrosion rate; Dana Puti Vingear (pH level: 4.5) 4 2/3 days, Tropicana Orange Juice (pH level 3.88) 6 1/3 days, and Sprite (pH level: 3.4) 8 days. The results showed that the hypothesis was refuted. This happened because the preconceived idea was that the liquid with the lowest pH level; Sprite, would have the quickest corrosion rate. Dana Puti Vinegar had the quickest corrosion rate proving the statement wrong, it was discovered that it contains ethanoic acid; acid containing twice the amount of carbon dioxide than a regular acid. To further understand this topic, future research could include; how does the amount of liquid incorporated affect the corrosion rate, how does the temperature of the liquid affect the corrosion rate, and how does the purity of iron affect the corrosion rate?
Regulation compliance, employee safety, fire safety, ergonomics, industrial hygiene, hazardous waste removal, training procedures, and management relations are samples of features taken into consideration during a Safety Major’s day. Though there are numerous specializations safety professions can choose, a base knowledge in all fields is essential for a successful career. Therefore, I intend to pursue a continuation of safety certifications that will demonstrate a persistent ability to learn about my career. For the initial duration of my profession, I hope to obtain an Environmental Health and Safety specialist entry level position for an established organization. If the opportunity arises, I will promote within the same organization until
It’s true what everyone talks about safety – you are the key to your safety, when you do it safely you do it the right way and the best gift you can give to your family is to always stay safe. We have been taught by our parents and teachers to be cautious while doing a number of things. That’s very essential in our daily lives, because one needs to be extra cautious to prevent unavoidable accidents. However, mishaps do happen everywhere in the safest of places, no matter how careful we are in our actions. It is highly unpredictable, what’s going to happen the very next instant. There are numerous incidences we come across like simple trips, falls, cuts due to sharp objects, burns or sudden worsening of a person’s health condition, causing
A hazard is defined as an activity or object that has the potential to cause harm if contact is made with the person, object or activity (MHS, 1996; Harmse, 2007; HSE, 2006). These hazards in a work place need to be identified and dealt with accordingly to prevent any harm to employees or any individual acquainted to a certain activity or establishment. The key roles and principles of occupational hygiene are Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation and Control (Schoeman and van den Heever, 2014; Harmse, 2008; SAMTRAC, 2012). To practise in accordance to the above principle; a hazard identification and risk assessment needs to be conducted. Anticipation is the foreseeing of the activity