Electroplating Experiment
Aim
To find the amount copper gains or loses on the electrodes using
different amounts of current each time during electrolysis. How the
changing of current affects the electroplating of copper.
Introduction
Electroplating is generally carried out in order to improve the
appearance or corrosion resistance of the surface of a metal by
electrodepositing a thin layer of metal ion on it. The metal substrate
to be coated is made by the cathode in an electrolytic cell. The cell
used in electroplating contains an electrolyte which is usually an
aqueous solution containing a reasonably high concentration of an ion
of the metal which is to be electroplated on the surface. The cell
anode is usually a piece of the metal to be plated from solution; this
enables the anode reaction of metal dissolution to replace the metal
ion lost from solution by the cathodic decomposition.
Factors
There are many various factors that affect the mass deposited during
electroplating:-
1). Current (A) - An increase in the amount of current increases
the amount of substance deposited in a fixed
amount of time, because there is more energy available to move
ions/electrons to the cathode from the anode. A smaller current will
pump fewer copper ions from the anode to the cathode in the same
amount of mass gained on the cathode is lower.
2). Time - The longer time can let more copper ions from
the anode to the cathode if the current are the
same. There are still more factors which can affect
the mass deposited during electroplating.
3). Distance between two electrodes - If the distance between the two
electrodes is greater, the copper ions
require to travel more from the anode
to the cathode. If the distance between
the two electrodes is smaller, the copper
ions need less energy to flow from the
anode to the cathode
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