Electroplating Experiment
Aim
To find the amount copper gains or loses on the electrodes using
different amounts of current each time during electrolysis. How the
changing of current affects the electroplating of copper.
Introduction
Electroplating is generally carried out in order to improve the
appearance or corrosion resistance of the surface of a metal by
electrodepositing a thin layer of metal ion on it. The metal substrate
to be coated is made by the cathode in an electrolytic cell. The cell
used in electroplating contains an electrolyte which is usually an
aqueous solution containing a reasonably high concentration of an ion
of the metal which is to be electroplated on the surface. The cell
anode is usually a piece of the metal to be plated from solution; this
enables the anode reaction of metal dissolution to replace the metal
ion lost from solution by the cathodic decomposition.
Factors
There are many various factors that affect the mass deposited during
electroplating:-
1). Current (A) - An increase in the amount of current increases
the amount of substance deposited in a fixed
amount of time, because there is more energy available to move
ions/electrons to the cathode from the anode. A smaller current will
pump fewer copper ions from the anode to the cathode in the same
amount of mass gained on the cathode is lower.
2). Time - The longer time can let more copper ions from
the anode to the cathode if the current are the
same. There are still more factors which can affect
the mass deposited during electroplating.
3). Distance between two electrodes - If the distance between the two
electrodes is greater, the copper ions
require to travel more from the anode
to the cathode. If the distance between
the two electrodes is smaller, the copper
ions need less energy to flow from the
anode to the cathode
Place a very small amount (the size of a few grains of rice) or copper (II) oxide in a test tube and add about 2mL of hydrochloric acid. Warm the test tube gently. If no change is observed, allow to stand for a while before making further observations.
Metals contain a sea of electrons (which are negatively charged) and which flow throughout the metal. This is what allows electric current to flow so well in all metals. An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the wiring of the circuit to a gas or electrolyte. A compound that conducts in a solution is called an electrolyte. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode.
Electrolysis is the only permanent hair removal methods that can help you achieve and maintain a smooth, hair-free beautiful aspects. This is a convenient, low-Charge strategy to refresh your image, increase your confidence and enhance Your enjoyment of life everyday.
TIME - 1 minute. The longer the ions have to move, the more copper is
Rough trials showed the following: · Using the thin layer polycrystalline cell, I found that pressing contacts onto the surface of the cell scratched it, so I taped wire pickups onto the top and bottom with transparent tape, as shown on the pictures. I noticed that the readings obtained for the current produced by the cell were inconsistent between ammeters (see Experiment Five). I therefore changed my method for the amorphous and monocrystalline cells and used the voltage readings and the
This happens at the cathode: Cu2+ +2e- = Cu And oxygen is produced at the anode. Increasing the concentration is more affective than increasing the voltage but in order to gain more copper, you will need the highest
Neutralization Experiment AIM:- To investigate how heat is given out in neutralizing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using different concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid. Background Information:- Substances that neutralize acids are called alkalis. An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+ ) when placed in water. It can also be described as a proton donor as it provides H+ ions. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) etc.
I have done a diagram below to help me understand this. Material/resistivity : Different wires composed of different metals will have differing
The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a machine used in factories, to clean out the waste solid particle, for example ash from the exhaust gas, allowing clean exhaust gas exit through the chimney. The electrostatic precipitator functions by using first allow the exhaust gas with the waste solid particles pass through the Nozzle as shown in the diagram below. Then the exhaust gas passes through inlet gas distribution, which evenly distributes the gas as shown below in a turquoise color, and starts going through the Discharge electrodes and the collector plates, which is shown in the diagram red and blue respectively. The discharge electrodes, which are powered by high voltage direct current, ionize the gas along with the other solid waste particles negatively. The collector plates are also charged with high voltage electricity, but it is positively charged, therefore attracting the negatively charged solid particle, because oppositely charged particles attract. This allows the clean exhaust gas pass through the other end, while the solid waste particles are trapped in the collector plates. Eventually when there are enough solid waste particles collected on the collector plates, the collect plates shakes off the collected waste, where it drops to the bottom of the shaft as shown in the diagram as “Hopper”.
Lightening your hair is a popular way to look young and beautiful. You can lighten your hair from a dark brown to a pale honey blonde. The question is, will adding liquids to hair lightening affect its efficiency? In my experiment, I will be testing to see if rubbing alcohol, soybean oil, and milk will affect the efficiency of hair lightening. What I am researching is important because I will find out if rubbing alcohol, soybean oil, or milk can make hair lightening better or worse.
An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the conventional wiring of the circuit to a conducting medium such as an electrolyte or a gas. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode. If an anode and a cathode are placed in a solution of an electrolyte and a source of direct current is connected between them, the positive ions in the
Electrolysis Investigation Planning In this investigation, I will assess how changing the electric current in the electrolysis of acidified water affects the rate at which hydrogen gas is produced. The solution to be electrolysed is made up using acid and water. It is of little consequence what acid is used however in this case I will use Sulphuric acid (H2SO4). When H2SO4 is put in water it is dissociated and forms ions: H2SO4 → 2H (2+) + SO4 (2-) Ions are also present from the water in the solution: H2O → H (+) + OH (-) During the electrolysis process, the positive hydrogen ions move towards the cathode and the negative hydroxide and sulphate ions move towards the anode.
The photoelectric effect has a big effect on our daily lives. It is used in several important technological devices, like solar panels and anti-burglary sensors. The effect was discovered over a long period of time and several scientists’ research contributed to it, but Albert Einstein was the scientists who figured out a correct formula to determine the energy of a photoelectron (the electron that is ejected because of the photon that hits the electron in the atom)
Humans these days take electricity for granted. We don’t truly understand what life was like without it. Most young adults will tell you their life does not depend on electricity, but they aren’t fooling anyone. They all know that their life depends on electricity; whether it’s television, their phone, Google, or the lights in their house. We need to stop taking those things for granted and give credit where credit is due. That is why I chose to write about the scientists who contributed to the discovery of electricity, which then helped modern scientists fuel the electricity phenomenons we now have today.
Solar Cell Experiment Aim: To see how individual factors affect the output of a solar cell. Factors affecting the output of a solar cell: This experiment is going to be performed in the confines of a school laboratory, and so the complexity and cost of the experiment(s) should reflect this. However, to see how different factors affect the solar cell output, I will need to perform at least two experiments. The question is, which ones? · Distance from the light source will affect the solar cell output, because intensity of light on the solar cell will decrease, the further away from the light the cell is.