What once used to be such an underappreciated structure of the human body has now become a much respected structure which serves multiple functions in the lower extremity. The menisci are used in almost every ambulating task and have proven to be an integral part in knee functioning, including shock absorption and stability, with many others.1 Meniscal lesions are a very common injury and the accuracy of diagnostic testing is not very clear. Arthroscopy is currently the gold standard for correct identification due to its high accuracy but is highly invasive and can be very costly to patients.2 Due to this, we looked at the evidence for diagnostic accuracy for meniscal lesions, focusing on the cost-effective strategies of diagnostic clinical …show more content…
The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of a new weight bearing McMurrays Test (Ege’s) with McMurray’s and joint line tenderness (JLT). The Ege’s test is one of the few meniscal tests performed under weight bearing conditions which mimics the activities precipitating the symptoms of the injury, resulting in an increased diagnostic value. There weren’t any significant differences between the 3 tests to detect the tears. However, Ege’s test was found to have better diagnostic value. Lateral meniscal tears were diagnosed more accurately with all of the tests. The study also interpreted which test was most appropriate for different types of tears and whether associated lesions had any effect on the diagnostic values of the 3 tests. Additional lesions resulted in increased false positive and false negative test results for all 3 tests. The authors concluded that Ege’s test, in conjunction with traditional diagnostic tests and thorough examination, may improve accuracy of meniscal injury diagnoses for patients without concomitant lesions and that a carefully conducted interview and physical examination are the most important means of diagnosis for a meniscal …show more content…
The article was a retrospective, level III study involving 88 subjects with more than 2 MRIs acquired before surgical intervention. The subjects were divided into groups based on their MRI findings. The groups were further divided into subgroups based on their knee pathology, including meniscal injury. According to this study, it cannot be concluded that the timeliness of an MRI on an injured knee, including meniscal pathology, affects the need for surgical intervention.11
Shepard et al12 is a level III, retrospective study to determine the accuracy of MRI in diagnosing anterior meniscal lesions. The anterior horn of the meniscus bears little weight and tears are frequently asymptomatic. A total of 947 MRI images of the knee were studied, 76 of those presented with a diagnosis of an anterior horn lesion, and only 31 of those subjects opted to have arthroscopic surgery. The arthroscopy revealed 26% true positive and 74% false positive lesions on the anterior horn. Physical examination is an important tool that should be paired with MRIs to prevent unnecessary
The reasoning used by the Supreme court judges are based by the Oakes test. The main and sufficient objective according to the Quebec Court of Appeal and the Commission scolaire was the school safety; however, the Supreme Court found that the limitation went beyond the initial and intended objective set out by the Supreme Court and the Commission scolaire (Canadian Human Rights Reporter, 203). Judges McLachlin, Bastarache, Binnie, Fish and Charron JJ. also said that prohibiting Gurbaj’s right to bear the kirpan has more deleterious effects than salutary because it infringes on his freedom of religion. In addition, factor such as school safety is already at risk since there are other objects in school that could be “used to commit violence acts
Díaz, a specialist from the University of Castilla La Mancha who specializes in sport medicine compared ultrasound images of five different types of musculoskeletal injuries from two different high definition sonography devices. The two devices used in the study were the traditional US-A model and the new technological device US-B. The US-B system included harmonic imaging, real time ultrasound, panoramic view, 3D imaging and virtual convex. Images from the five different subjects included muscle contusion, muscle strain, patellar tendonitis, calcified patellar tendonitis and partial tear of medial ligament of the knee.
Tearing the ACL is now considered an epidemic in the United States over 100,000 recorded incidences are reported each year (Moeller). While such a finding may be good for orthopedic doctors and surgeons, this is not good for millions of athletes’ competing these days in high intensity sports. This is especially a problem for female athletes who are two to four times more likely to tear their ACL than men (Moeller). This is one of the biggest mysteries about ACL tears is the difference between the number of injuries seen in women and men. Women tend to tear there ACL far more frequently then men. While not everyone agrees that gender itself is the source of the problem, evidence is growing that females are learning too late that participating in sports can also become the first step to ruining an active lifestyle.
The most common knee injury in sports is damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) through tears or sprains. “They occur in high demand sports that involve planting and cutting, jumping with a poor landing, and stopping immediately or changing directions” (University of Colorado Hospital). The ACL is a ligament that runs diagonally in the middle of the knee and found at the front of the patellar bone. Its function involves controlling the back and forth motion of the knee, preventing the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, and providing rational stability to the knee. Interestingly, women are more prone to ACL injuries than men. The occurrence is four to six times greater in female athletes.
When comparing rotator cuff tears from the common people and athletes, they are much more common when a person is physically active in sports. An injury in the rotator ...
Meniscal tears are a common sports injury, and can vary widely in severity and pain. Meniscal tears are very common among athletes playing contact sports, such as Football, Rugby, and Soccer or any sport that involves twisting of the knee. Meniscal tears are more common among men than woman. Meniscal injuries can occur at any age, but factors differ with age. In older people tears are degenerative and usually occur doing daily activities. In younger people the majority of meniscal tears occur primarily by cutting or twisting movements, hyperflexion, or
Retrieved September 16, 2000 from: http://www. www.sechrest.com/mmg/knee/kneeacl.html. Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction -. et al. (July 11, 1999).:Arthroscopy.com. Retrieved September 16, 2000 from: http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp05018.htm.
Ligaments are tough, non-stretchable fibers that hold bones together. Damage to cruciate ligaments, which crisscross the knee to give it stability, is one of the most common sports injuries. The “tear” occurs from changing direction rapidly, slowing down from running, or landing from a jump improperly. The A.C.L tear is one injury that worries athletes in all sports at all levels because of its devastating effects. People ages 15-25 that participate in basketball and other sports that require pivoting are especially at risk.
The majority of ACL injuries suffered during athletic participation are of the noncontact variety. Three main noncontact mechanisms have been identified planting and cutting, straight-knee landing and one-step stop landing with the knee hyperextended. Pivoting and sudden deceleration are also common mechanisms of noncontact ACL injury. Basketball, soccer, and volleyball consistently produce some of the highest ACL injury rates across various age groups. Other activities with a high rate of injury are gymnastics, martial arts, and running. In most sports, injuries occur more often in games than in practice. Many injuries have occurred during the first 30 minutes of play. One-reason physicians are seeing more ACL injuries in female patients that more women play sports, and they play more intensely. But as they continued to do more studies, they are finding that women's higher rate of ACL is probably due ...
The meniscus is one of the most commonly injured structures in the knee. Meniscal injuries can occur in any age group, but causes are somewhat different for each age group. In younger people, the meniscus is fairly tough and rubbery, and tears usually occur as a result of a fairly forceful twisting injury. In the younger age group, meniscal tears are more likely to be caused by athletic activity (Sutton, 1999).
In this lab we apply the technique known as a two point discrimination test. This test will allow us to determine which regions of the skin are best able to discriminate between two simultaneous sensory impulses. According to (Haggard et al. 2007), tactile discrimination depends on the size of the receptive fields located on the somatosensory neurons. However receptive fields for other types of sensations are located elsewhere. For vision we find that the receptive fields are located inside the visual cortex, and for hearing we find receptive fields in the auditory cortex. The ability for the body to discriminate two points depends on how well that area of the body is innervated with neurons; and thus conferring to the size of the receptive fields (Haggard et al. 2007). It is important to note that the size of the receptive field generally decreases in correlation to higher innervations. As was seen in the retinal receptive fields, the peripheries of tissue had contained larger receptive fields (Hartline, 1940). In our test we hypothesized that the finger region will be able to discriminate better than the forearm. This means that they will be much more innervated with neurons than the forearm, and likewise contain smaller receptive fields. This also means that convergence is closer to a 1:1 ratio, and is less the case the farther from the fingers we go. We also think that the amount of convergence is varied with each individual. We will test to see if two people will have different interpretations of these results.
The Beck Anxiety Inventory was designed by Aaron T. Beck and is self report scale that consists of 21 items. The items are short and straightforward, making it easy to read and comprehend. All items are related to anxiety and describe a symptom of anxiety that is rate on a four point likert scale according to severity. The answers range from 0-3 and the responses range from “not at all” to “severely; I could barely stand it” and all items are added for a total score. The instructions on the test ask for the respondent to “indicate how much you have been bothered by each symptom during the past week, including today, by placing an X in the corresponding space in the column next to each symptom” (Dowd, 2008). The assessment is intended for adolescents and adults and can be administered individually or in a group setting. An additional copy of the inventory test is also available in Spanish. It was originally created from a sample of 810 outpatients of that were predominately affected by mood and anxiety disorders and research on the original development is described as informative and thorough.
The Benedict's Test is used to test the presence of simple sugars in a sample. If sugars are present, a color change will occur from blue to red. However, although the Benedict's test shows the presence of sugars, it cannot accurately determine the concentration of sugar in a sample solution. In our method, we added specific concentrations of glucose to the Benedict's test to use as a chart to estimate the glucose concentration of an unknown solution X. Although this gives a rough estimate of the concentration, it is very inaccurate. For example, the mystery solution X was a pale orange color, which was between the colors in my first and second test tube.
According to the website, I have an IQ of 113. I feel as though a site like www.iqtest.com could produce a “g” score because they make you pay too see an analysis of your results, which indicates to me that they put some effort into producing fairly accurate scores. General intelligence, also known as “g”, describes an individual’s specific mental ability, which is measured by tasks on an IQ test (Myers p. 405). The site breaks down your overall IQ results into different categories of intelligence and gives you an IQ score for how well you tested in a given area. For example, there is a category for “spatial intelligence” which is ones ability to predict what actions will happen based on varied conditions (Website). By looking at the broken down results you can compare areas you have strengths in, versus the areas you might struggle in. This is in accordance to what Charles Sherman found when he discovered that people who score high in one area tend to score high in similar categories (Myers p. 405). For a person to see what their “g” score would be they would simply have to look at which category they scored highest in and from that they would see in which area they have the highest intelligence in.
The test taking lessons have helped me learn more about having good strategies for a test. I feel that with these lessons learned I can have more confidence to take a test and pass it. In this report I want to show why test taking is an important skill to learn. I also wanted to describe how I have prepared for test in the past. I also wanted to discuss three strategies I have learned from the computer tutorial in class and how I have changed my study habits so I can do better on test.