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There has never been a clear definition and or well defined origin of the Roma/Travellers. There has however been attempts to the same leading being the classical historical synthesis suggested by Fraser (1992). His synthesis suggests that from the ninth century onward, a population of Indian origin started moving towards Europe bringing with them an Indian language. The 15th and 16th centuries saw a lot of persecution leading to these immigrants becoming disjointed. To this end the populations of different sizes are more or less assimilated in different European countries. Romanis have been known to have either been immersed by, or failed to displace, a local commercial nomadic or ‘Traveller’ minority where the population is very small. The English Romanichal Gypsies amongst others have continued to maintain both a Romani and a Traveller identity. The word ‘Gypsy’ (from ‘Egyptian’) has been theorized by many as a modest mistake with regards to their origins made by the Europeans. To this, even the Roma have tolerated or accepted. There has however been critics to the synthesis, this has mostly been advanced by Romani-speaking groups such as the German Sinte, who do not call themselves Roma, and secondly by radical social constructionist academics. The definition and or origins complexity, variety and difference of perspective have thus dominated the Roma/Gypsy/Traveller self-definition from the beginning, and any simplification of the above would only lead to more confusion and or disagreements.
The said Gypsy/Travellers and Roma communities have more often been considered to be Europe’s largest ethnic minority community (DCSF 2010). Research shows that children from these predominantly nomadic communities have a history o...
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The Romanichal have been in America since the middle of the 17th Century due to persecution and enslavement in Europe. Most countries in Europe had passed anti-Gypsy legislation, which prevented them from doing business or settling down and owning land, this combined with other types of persecution, caused the Romani to flee Europe. (Bokt, RomanyJib, 2014) Most of their traditions are passed down verbally because they are a nomadic people and travelled often, they never wrote books about their history because they had to bring all their possessions with them everywhere they went. (Kiger, 2013) Today, the Romani are trying to start records of their history to be passed down to their ancestors.
In this essay I will outline the curricular systems for the 0-5 age group in England and Scotland. I will examine in detail the planning and assessment provisions of these systems which allow early years practitioners to gain insight into children's learning and to aid them in that regard. I will draw comparison between the practices of these two countries where possible, and provide criticism of each.
The Education system of England and Wales underwent a number of important changes since 1944. This essay seeks to concentrate on these major changes describing the rationale and impact they had on the British education system.
Scottish devolution, with its advantages and disadvantages, is the best example of how great political and social changes can be achieved not through bloody revolution but with the patience, intelligence and hard work of a united country but is still a work in progress.
Historically Gypsies came from India sometime in the first millennium, and the first significant groups arrived in Hungary in the 14th and 15th centuries. Their Indian descent still shows in their dark skin; their centuries of experience of exclusion and persecution is reflected in their collective unconsciousness.
Within the show one of the main characters is Irish and grew up within the Traveller community. The family relationship between him and his other family members is difficult because he is a police officer and the main way they make their living is through crime activity. Most of the crimes committed by the members of this particular community are petty crimes, such as theft. To me it is interesting to see how the relationship within the community and the outside world is so complicated. In many respects the relationships with the people inside of the Irish Traveller community is tenuous. Not only is it difficult to deal with their own community but the outside world causes them problems daily. This is also noted in Crossing Lines as people tend to take advantage of their situation, that is because they have no permeant home, people of a worse criminal nature tend to see this as an opportunity to use their communities as a way of expanding their business. These criminal behaviours tend to involve drugs and other crimes that are by many deemed as worse than those committed by the Irish Traveller. On the other hand, many of the Irish Travellers are or were referred to as Tinkers. Most of the time, today they are referred to as Travellers. The reason they received the name Tinkers is because of their professions, which as mentioned can often involve crime activity however, this is
The main victims of genocide during the Holocaust were the Jewish; however, they were not the only ones. Gypsies, also known as the Roma, also made up a large portion of the casualties that occurred in concentration camps. This innocent group of people, who move from place to place, who listened to different music and had different morals and beliefs, were also victims of the mass genocide led by Adolf Hitler. They were targeted and seen as “unhygienic, antisocial nuisances” (Tarr) and were a threat to the Nazis’ ideal German society. And since the Nazis thought they must do something about the Gypsies, this is what they did, all starting in 1899 (Rosenburg): they pinned each gypsy down by making identification papers for each individual, categorizing them by hair and eye color and cranium size, fingerprinted each person, made family trees of the gypsy families, then forced them into settling permanently into flats causing them to sell their caravans and belongings, forcibly sterilizing some individuals, and eventually sending them to concentration camps and murdering them.
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The Roma Gypsies, like the Jews, were chosen for complete genocide. Both groups of people were chosen completely based on their respective race. The Roma gypsies were not characterized by religion like the Jews, however, like the Jews; they were not respected throughout history and wer...
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They have distinct rituals of death and cleansing, and a language they only speak on their own. Travellers are not overtly conscious of a sense of group history. Concern with ancestry is an obsession of those who value the permanence of place. Rather, the individual is defined by his/her place within the relationship network. They live in extended patriarchal families, prefer trailers, tend to nomadism interspersed with occasional house dwelling, and maintain a nomadic mindset even when settled; a house is considered only a stopping place between journeys, whether the stop lasts 20 days or 20 years!
Denis O’Sullivan’s Cultural Politics and Irish Education since the 1950’s (2006) makes the argument that early school leaving has traditionally been understood as a failure of the individual to succeed within mainstream schooling. This essay plans to outline and support O’Sullivan’s argument and also to show how the political and educational system in Ireland has created a criterion for success which guarantees a certain amount of failure.