Dry beriberi and alcoholic neuropathy causes and affects Randell Jack Long Sr. Mohave Community College Author note Biology 100, Section 111 Professor Leonard M D’Orazio March 31, 2014 A Review of Literature This paper points out the cause and affects of this disorder and its connection to the socio-economic status. Dry beriberi is a disease that is believed to be caused by malnutrition. The history of the disease is documented in China back to 600 B.C. The dry beriberi is derived from a Sinhalese phrase meaning “weak, weak.” ( www.wikipidia.org/wiki/beriberi) The affects of beriberi were at it’s peak in the late 1800s. The disease had plague affects upon lower class minorities in Eastern Asia. Back in the 1800s Japanese cadets aboard ships were only fed rice. This resulted in many deaths due to the malnutrition they received. The higher ranking officers on those ships were fed fish, milk and meats. Dry beriberi had adverse effects on the body. Once the body is deprived of the much needed coenzyme. the body fails to go in to the citric acid . cycle, thus disrupting the production for ADP. According to D‘Orazio (1985) “Nutritional Polyneuropathy is usually characterized by progressive weakness and muscle wasting of caring degrees involving, symmetrically, the legs more than the arms and the distal muscles more than proximal ones“. The vitamin B is essential for cellular respiration. The niacin, B3 is a source of NAD+. The electron acceptor in stage 1 of the respitory cycle. Also known as Glycolsis. When it picks up the electron it becomes tNADH. The NADH is then converted Pryuvate will enter the citric acid cycle. It then carries the electron to the elec... ... middle of paper ... ...c Class and its Relation to Ethanol Intake.” Nutritional Polyneuropathy - definition of nutritional ... (n.d.). Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nutritional+polyneuropathy Shy, ME. “Peripheral neuropathies In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 446 William, R. H. and Bissel, G. W. “ Thiamine metabolism with particular reference to the role of the liver and kidneys. Arch. Internal Med. 73: 203, 1944. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/alcohol.htm http://www.neuropathysupportnetwork.org/neuropathyfaq.#14 http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki.beriberi http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/peripheralneuropathy/detail_peripheralneuropa http://www.gotcore.net/what-is-neuropathy.html http://wwwmybwmc.org./library/1/000593 http://nature.com/ejcn/journal/v56/full/16013120.html
lack of hunger. Thus with the help of researchers and psychologist we can look into it more
gars. These are then split into two three-carbon sugar phosphates and then these are split into two pyruvate molecules. This results in four molecules of ATP being released. Therefore this process of respiration in cells makes more energy available for the cell to use by providing an initial two molecules of ATP.
...oermann et al, 2005). This has a tendency to lead to an insecure sense of one’s self. (Hoermann et al, 2005) A person with this disorder has a difficult time being reliable. This can be from constant career change, relationships and goals. These essential changes occur without any warning. (Hoermann et al, 2005)
This lead to the demise of the population when the disease was transported through the heart of an infected man. Once the doctors completed the heart transplant, the man came to life with the generic grey blood and he was much more hostile.... ... middle of paper ... ...
It is the slowest working metabolic pathway for the production of energy in the body. This cycle, unlike the energy consumption in sprinting, allows the body to maintain its energy level during endurance activities. The citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle, allows humans to sustain long-term energy (long running) because it produces more energy than the other pathways. The Krebs cycle uses lots of enzymes, which reduce the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction. These enzymes help the body use less and create more energy. By using enzymes in the absence of more energy, the Krebs cycle is different from other metabolic pathways. Through the catabolism of fats, sugars, and proteins, an acetate is created and used in the citric acid cycle. The Krebs cycle converts NAD+ into NADH. These are then used by another system called the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate
T). When thyroid genes are acting as they are designed, they ramp up the mitochondria to work at optimal capacity. However, mitochondria the power plants of the cell, are unable to work in converting fat and oxygen into chemical energy, homeostasis is disrupted.
unable to farm their lands because they were sick. This plague did not attack only the humans but also
cause for many years is a chemical imbalance in the brain. This could be an
Thyroid: When the iodine levels are deficient in body fluoride suppresses the thyroid gland. Studies show that effects still remain unclear.
American population have this condition, but they also do not know how they got the
The first documented description of pellagra was 1735 in Europe by a Spanish physician, Gaspar Casal. He wrote, “Since I never saw a more disgusting indigenous disease, I thought I should explain its characteristics.”(Etheridge 9). Called mal de la rosa, this was a major source of sickness and death among the very poor. In the following years the disease was described many times by Italian physicians and was soon recognized throughout Europe, Egypt, and South Africa. In the early twentieth century it was common in the United States, especially in the south (Roe 1). The disease attacked the poor who were unable to afford only the cheapest diet that had little variety such as meal, molasses, and “fat back” (Harkness 434). Most of these poor were farmers, in the United States it was often found in sharecroppers (Roe 1) or those who lived in industrial communities with little income (Middleton 1209). Statistics indicate that pellagra was the most severe nutritional deficiency disease recorded in United States history (Park et al. 727).
Cellular respiration is the method of breaking down organic molecules to release their stored energy. Plants and animals use cellular respiration to use energy. Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of oxygen while anaerobic does not require oxygen. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondrion. The three phases of cellular respiration are glycolysis (fermentation), krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Carbon dioxide and water are products of the series of reactions involved in cellular respiration. Fermentation is one catabolic process that is a degradation of sugars that occurs without the use of oxygen (Campbell and Reece, 2008). These pathways help generate energy to fuel thousands of chemical tasks in a cell. Fermentation by yeast is used to make beer, wine and bake bread. This process is summarized by:
According to our text, Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, 2010, pg. 78. 94. Cellular respiration is stated as “The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis”.
The degradation of one molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen goes through all four series. Inside aerobic respiration, the pyruvate moves to the mitochondria, whereas in the anaerobic respiration, the pyruvate stays in the cytoplasm. This is therefore showing that anaerobic respiration goes through all four series, whereas aerobic respiration only goes through the first stage, which is glycolysis.
...radient within the thylakoid membrane. The hydrogen atoms find a protein channel (ATP synthase) to pump them out of the thylakoid called facilitated diffusion. The hydrogen flows through the ATP synthase, which is used as energy, and then they tie the ADP with phosphate to create ATP. The hydrogen atoms travel through the ATP synthase and connect NADP+ to create NADPH.