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Diversity in the us military
Homosexuality in the military
Gay men and lesbians in the military force essay
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The Don't Ask Don't Tell Policy formerly used by the U.S. military was used to discriminate against homosexual soldiers and created a stigma around homosexuality. In 1993 a Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy was implemented in the United States military. This policy allows, according to an article entitled, The "Don't Ask Don't Tell" Policy of the US Military is a Form of Discrimination, “homosexuals to serve in the military provided an individual does not, through action and admission, allow his and her homosexuality to become known. Service members who are “discovered” to be homosexual are subject to dismissal.” The Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy, formally used in the United States military, created barriers between soldiers, promoted prejudice, …show more content…
According to the text, The "Don't Ask Don't Tell" Policy of the US Military is a Form of Discrimination, “In 2007… approximately 11,000 soldiers have been discharged under the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy. As many as 800 of the 11,000 service members dismissed have had skills that are considered “critical” for current military operations, including medical personnel, mission leader, and at least 300 linguist with training in Arabic languages.” Because of a sexual preference, even soldiers with critical skills that could benefit the military were dismissed. Homosexual soldiers were being targeted for dismissal purely based on sexual preference. The former policy sended the message to heterosexual soldiers that discriminations is okay in the U.S. military. The author wrote, “More than 7,800 gay and lesbian service members have been discharged without regard to their skills, training, and their commitment to their duty as members of the US military.” The U.S. Military put thousands of homosexual soldiers lives and jobs at risk because of sexual orientation alone. According to the article, “Officers who have performed well in their duties may still be discharged and denied benefits because of unrelated incidents in their personal lives.” Homosexuals in the military were at risk for losing job security and denied benefits just for being a homosexual. The Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy unfairly discriminates against homosexual soldiers regardless of homosexual soldiers
In the essay “Why gays shouldn’t serve” by David Horowitz he states that “Don’t ask, Don’t Tell policy is a way of containing the destructive force of sex on a combat capability called Unit Cohesion. (354)” This controversial topic has surfaced more and more recently because Barack Obama wanted to let all people serve in the military, regardless of their sexual orientation. “More than 1,000 retired flag and general officers have joined us in signing an open letter to President Obama and Congress, repeal of this law would prompt many dedicated people to leave the military (James J. Lindsay).” There are multiple points you could focus on when trying to explain your point on why gays or lesbians should not serve in the military. The first point we will be focusing on is: how would military life change if straight men or women knew that there were gays or lesbians sleeping next to them? The second point is: would straight men and women communicate with the gays or lesbians the same way as they would toward other straight men or women? The third and final point is: how would other countries view our military if they knew we had gays or lesbians in the military?
McGowan, Jeffrey. Major Conflict: One Gay Man’s Life in the Don’t-ask-don’t-tell Military. New York: Broadway, 2005. Print.
In 1950, President Harry S. Truman implemented discharge policies for homosexual service members in the Uniform Code of Military Justice. This would allow military leaders to discharge any service member who was thought to be homosexual. In 1992, during President Bill Clinton’s campaign, he promises to lift that ban. Not being able to do just that, President Clinton issued a directive referred to as ‘Don’t Ask Don’t Tell’. This stated that no service member should be asked about their sexual orientation. Mackubin Thomas Owens wrote the article “Gay Men and Women in the Military Disrupt Unit Cohesion” in 2009 right after President Clinton was again calling for the end of forcing homosexuals to live in secret. In his article he states that homosexuals living openly in the military will take away from military effectiveness and put the other service member’s lives in danger. Throughout most of the article he uses other resources, polls and opinions on the matter verses clearly stating his own. Most of the resources he uses are military connected or
Allen Berubé uses this book to describe the persecution of homosexual men and women in the U.S. Army. In Coming Out Under Fire, Berube explains the challenges faced by homosexuals trying to serve the United States and the awakening of the gay rights movement. Berubé examines in depth and detail these social and political confrontation. It was not simply written to explain how the military victimized homosexyals, but as a story to explain the dynamic power relationship developed between gay citizens and their government. Which then allowed both parts to change and grow. His story is the timeline of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” from 1916 until 2003. The military had to decide if homosexuality was or was not compatible with war. They decided it
Homosexuality in the military had been frowned upon back dating since the late 1770’s. Due to fear of reprimand, men and women were able to join the military but did not discuss their sexuality. It was believed that homosexuality was criminalized in U. S. military law. Prior to World War II, there was no written policy barring homosexuals from serving, although sodomy was considered a crime by military law ever since Revolutionary War times (Powers, 2012).
...-. Conduct Unbecoming: Lesbians and Gays in the U.S. Military: Vietnam to the Persian Gulf. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
The focus of the book helps understand the true importance of books like Gay New York, Coming Out Under Fire, and Men Like That by explaining the progress made in the United States regarding the acceptance of the gay community into society. Consisting of six chapters that cover many issues regarding the government, including the military, welfare, and immigration. Much like in Coming Out Under Fire, Canaday points out issues gay men and women faced following World War II. From the mid-1940s into the late 1960s, the state crafted tools to overtly target homosexuality (Canaday, 2009). Policies were enacted that explicitly used homosexuality to define who could serve in the military (Canaday, 2009). Much has changed since then, considering the infamous “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy was repealed. Canaday’s main argument in the book is that sexual citizenship was built into the federal bureaucracy as it was being created, and this needs to be more attended to by historians (Canaday, 2009). According to Canaday, the foundations of sexual citizenship are the reason the United States has such an issue with securing universal gay rights. Issues in the South are also addressed, much like in Men Like That. Religion and the power it has in the country limits many initiatives that support gay
The “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy means that service men and women are not questioned about their sexual orientation, and they are not to talk about their sexual orientation. In 1993 U. S. Congress passed a federal law forbidding the military service of openly gay men and women serving in the military. Even though Congrees created the law, it was up to the military leadership to carry it out. Opposing viewpoints states:
...l use of intoxicants to excess, drug addiction, or sexual perversion.” This piece of legislation addressed the years of charges that homosexuals posed a security risk to the government. The new order defined both disloyalty and security risks in order to separate the two. Homosexuality was no longer to be confused with disloyalty, but the stigma remained. President Truman’s Executive Order 9835 applied only to a few military branches and the State Department; Eisenhower’s applied to the entire federal government. This did not change any of the discriminatory practices of any of these branches, but validated their previous actions under presidential order. This order also made possible the exclusion of over 1700 homosexuals from employment over a five-year period. This made the denial and concealment of their homosexuality even more important than before.
Prior to the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy the United States and its citizens were not very tolerant to openly gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals. Prior to World War II gays were not specifically targeted for exclusion from the military, although sodomy was considered a criminal offense as early as the Revolutionary War. However by the beginning of World War II, the military had shifted focus from excluding acts that were considered homosexual to focusing on members that were considered homosexual. In 1942, the military issued its first regulation that contained a paragraph defining the difference between a homosexual and a normal person. In fact, this regulation also described procedures for rejecting gay draftees. (Martinez, Hebl, & Law, 2012). The military based these procedures on medical rationale and psychiatric screening to...
In the 1940s, homophobia was extremely prevalent in the United States. People who were openly gay were often stigmatized. “Homosexuality was discussed as ‘an aspect of three personality disorders: psychopaths who were sexual perverts, paranoid personalities who suffered from homosexual panic, and schizoid personalities’ who displayed gay symptoms” (Kaiser 29). Many regulations and practices discriminated against gays. The military found homosexuality to be a direct threat to strength and safety of the U.S. government and the American people, in general. In 1941 the Army and the Selective Service banned homosexuals from participation in the war (Kaiser 29). All major religions considered it sinful and throughout the country, more and more people found it to be immoral. Life was hard for homosexuals in the early and mid-twentieth century. They were forced to hide their sexuality in order to escape derision or imprisonment.
Social causes such as Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell and same-sex marriage laws contribute to homosexuals choosing to hide their real self. In the military, many homosexual soldiers are being punished for not liking the opposite sex. In Burks article, “Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Victimization in the Military” he describes the struggles service members face. Burk explains that if a homosexual does not hide his sexual orientation than he or she will be discharged from the military. Between 1980 and 2009 over 32,000 service members were discharged due to their sexual-orientation. Also, sexual assault and sexual harassment is very common among service members...
women in the military and found that 51.8 % of men and 74.6% of women
Women all around the world who are in the military are constantly getting harassed and raped by the soldiers and there is nothing that anybody is doing about it.
Discrimination and racial disparities are a part of every stage within the U.S. criminal justice system, from policing to trial to sentencing. The United States is the world’s leading jailer with 2.2 million people behind bars. Perhaps no single reason has contributed more to racial disparities in the criminal justice system than the so-called “War on Drugs” which many people believe was a thinly disguise veil for racism on African-American. Even though racial and other ethnic groups use and sell drugs at roughly the same rate, Blacks and Hispanics are punished more and harshly by the system forming 62 percent of those in state prisons for first drug offenses, and 72.1 percent of all persons sentenced for federal drug trafficking offenses