Richard Lee April 16, 2014 CSP 59 Cultural Revolution: Education Reform Education prior to 1964 was primarily focused on exams, teachers and role models, and set guidelines and rules. Everyone in China was given a chance to improve their social and economic standings. However, the only way to achieve this was through hours and hours of studying and hard work. A final exam to test that lasted for almost three whole days was given to the students, which determined their future careers. Education was also biased or more favorable to the wealthier/upper class even though the goal of the exams were to make it equal and fair. The Cultural Revolution had many goals for education reform. However there were three main objectives that the Cultural Revolution wanted to achieve. The first was to increase political thought among students. The second goal was to “integrate theory and practice in the educational process in order to make education more responsive [to real life]” (Wang 760). The third was to make the education system more egalitarian in order to create equal opportunities for all class backgrounds. China’s education system had many problems that proved to be extremely difficult to alleviate. In the book Education and Revolution: The “Chinese Model” Revised, Susan Pepper talks about a few major problems that were “the most difficult for political leaders and educators to solve” (Pepper 848). The first major problem was the high cost of creating schools and maintaining them. It was “often prohibitive for the low-income economies of developing nations and working-class alike” (Pepper 848). Not only was it costly to run schools but also to attend schools. Every student who attends school is unable to help their parents with their job... ... middle of paper ... ...aper. Chinese education was influenced heavily by the Cultural Revolution. Whether the influences were positive or negative, they still had a huge relatively positive impact on Chinese society. The education reforms enforced the idea of making education more available for all children in China, especially those who came from poorer backgrounds. China tried to create a system that eased the burden and difficulty of attending schools. Even though many scholars say that the education reforms during the Cultural Revolution were failures, I believe the reforms were able to make a huge difference in China’s education system. China was also able to learn from the mistakes that were made from some of the failures that were mentioned. Overall, the reforms during the Cultural Revolution were able to truly help China become the truly powerful and advanced nation it is today.
examination system. Thus, China was still thriving in what what was known as the Golden Age.
The Cultural Revolution was a social-political movement used to eradicate revisionists from China and was led by the communist Emperor Mao ZeDong. This cultural cleansing was used to break ties with capitalism to help make way for the new socialist country. The communist party that was leading China was not taking it in the right direction in Mao Zedong’s eyes, so he created an extremist cult to help reassert his force over the Chinese government. After his unsuccessful “Great Leap Forward”, Mao Zedong had lost much of his power, if he remodeled China he would be viewed as the great emperor he strived to be. This movement persecuted millions of people, killed 1.5 million, and impaired China economically and socially for a long time.
In the beginning of Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, the narrator of the book and his friend, Luo, are being moved from their past city life to living in a small village in the mountains the villagers called ‘the Phoenix in the Sky’. They were being re-educated, moved to the village and made to work as one of villagers and be “re-educated” as a poor peasant while working the land. The narrator says in Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress that during China’s Revolution, universities were closed and that all the young intellectuals, or youths who had graduated from high school, were sent to the countryside to be “re-educated by the poor peasants.” In China’s Culture Revolution it says that “8 million or more students ‘went to the countryside’ before they en...
British Historian Edward Gibbon once said,"Every man who rises above the common level has received two educations: the first from his teachers; the second, more personal and important from himself." Nowadays, our society is developing rapidly, more and more parents want their children to be educated. Every parents notice that how education important is. There are different kinds of education, not only going to school everyday, but also learning knowledge or skills by yourself. More and more international schools are founded in China nowadays, they absolutely show that how Chinese education system and Canada education system are different. In this paper, it will illustrate that Chinese education is different from Canadian education because it's
The Chinese education and culture are set up like this because the One Child policy created the need to better educate the youth and push them to move up on the social ladder, the history of China’s education policy. and the Gao Kao system.
It was not as harsh as legalism, and was more culturally accepted, unlike Daoism. Confucianism ways of thinking changed how people of the Chinese society behaved. It was expected of superior parties in China’s social hierarchy to govern by the moral norms of Confucian values. Confucius believed that “If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good” (James 2). His teachings, and beliefs changed the whole dynamic of the Chinese culture, and the perspective of how they value family and political life. Out of all the solutions created for this time period, this one was the most influential to the Chinese
Chinese Revolution is about making the entire country into Communists and killing each and one the people who hates Mao Tse-Tung. Mao Tse-Tung is the leader of China at this time who believes in equality and everyone should have the same rights. The Red Guards is a military group in which includes a group of children that eliminates the Chinese population due to hatred for Mao. If any of these events happen to our generation, most youth are smart enough to know that Mao is a bad leader and killing innocent people by the case of bitterness for Mao is wrong. The Chinese youth got swept up in the Cultural Revolution by Mao because the youth were easy to persuade into doing something. To expand this idea further, the Chinese youth weren’t old enough, not on this specific age, to realize whether Mao’s actions were virtuous or inaccurate. On the other hand, they thought that working for Mao and joining the Red Guards will help their country out, but they never knew the truth behind Mao’s plans. The truth about the Cultural Revolution was to kill anybody that gets in the way of Mao’s plans and destroying all the old buildings so that it would be replaced with new buildings or reconstruct the old buildings to become brand new again. In addition, the Chinese youth had no idea that joining the Red Guards will give a highly chance of getting killed. In other words, the adults were smarter than the youth because joining the Red Guards means the opposite of helping the country out. Mao just made them think that joining will help their country, even though it was the other way around like someone apologizing to their neighbor in which manipulating their minds that they’re now cool, but they were still rude to them afterwards. To repeat this, t...
Tan, G. (2012). THE ONE-CHILD POLICY AND PRIVATIZATION OF EDUCATION IN CHINA. International Education, 42(1), 43-53,107. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285120304?accountid=32521
Even though Confucianism was developed and influenced in China, but it also has affected a lot of Asian descendants in other countries, such as Korea and Japan, and shaped the ethnic,social, political areas of Asian cultures(Huang & Gove, 2012, P. 392). Confucius also bought up some philosophical beliefs about family education, and made up the influence of the value of education. Under the influence of Confucianism, Mao, the founding father of China, made a catchword about that education is important for human being. Every families in China paid more attention in family education and school education in order to achieved a better world of China. Based on Confucianism, Asian society and families believe that success is attributed to education achievement.
Overview the history timeline, Mao Zedong made the cultural revolution because he wanted to remove all capitalism in the country to consolidate his party. In other words, he tried to firm his stage and power in the country, remove capitalism maybe just is an excuse of his hunger. Because a lot of evidences show that before he made this revolution, a lot of people was not side with him. Furthermore, his party do not had a lot of fund to support the party work well. Red Guard may could be considered as the way to obtain more money to build up the party (Knight). In the Western, Religion leaders also wanted people to be loyal. They were fear someone would overthrow them. To prevent it happen, Mao abuse the violent and punishment to firm communism. It caused by personal desire. Nevertheless, this way could control people in short time but not forever. Moreover, people’s beliefs also can determine the fate of a country. Because of that, Chinese leaders spent a lot of energy to unity people’s mind. First, they print out “Mao Zedong’s Quotation” and require everyone must read it and study it (Knight). It is the reason why no one tried to say no to Mao’s direction. Second, the party controlled all kind of publication, that make people can just obtain the information that the party want people to get (Princeton University). A good modern
Mao’s Cultural Revolution was an attempt to create a new culture for China. Through education reforms and readjustments, Mao hoped to create a new generation of Chinese people - a generation of mindless Communists. By eliminating intellectuals via the Down to the Countryside movement, Mao hoped to eliminate elements of traditional Chinese culture and create a new form Chinese culture. He knew that dumbing down the masses would give him more power so his regime would be more stable. This dramatic reform affected youth especially as they were targeted by Mao’s propaganda and influence. Drawing from his experiences as an Educated Youth who was sent down to the countryside Down to the Countryside movement, Ah Cheng wrote The King of Children to show the effects of the Cultural Revolution on education, and how they affected the meaning people found in education. In The King of Children, it is shown that the Cultural Revolution destroyed the traditional incentives for pursuing an education, and instead people found moral and ethical meaning in pursuing an education.
When we talk about education, we remember our teachers of elementary, middle and high school because they left their mark on our lives, and are who we truly taught things that even we , and we have to our knowledge, is that the main purpose of my philosophy educational. The basis of my educational philosophy pragmatism. The goal of education for pragmatists is the socialization of the individual and the transmission of cultural ideas of man to new generations. In this way, new generations have no need to repeat it step by step, the experiences of their ancestors (Riestra, 1970). The school must be active in developing critical thinking in the learner. This should not be a passive entity in the process of their education, you must learn to learn . The school must prepare students for this interaction with their environment that is always changing.
The Cultural Revolution destroyed countless lives; while some died during reeducation, the Revolution drove others to suicide, madness, or depression by the shame, humiliation, and isolation they faced. The government of China, however, often denies that such suffering occurred. Instead, it promotes a positive, romanticized image of the Cultural Revolution in sanctioned fiction and in official history. Therefore, one of the few ways we can see the true effects of the Communist regime is through the fiction that the disillusioned Chinese citizens wrote about the actual experience and impact of the era. Through these writings, we can see clearly who were the victims and who were the oppressors
The very first important development for a successful country is to have a respectable education system for those who need it from the first day they are born into the world. We have to instill what we want in our people to reflect how we want our development to appear. In China, their school system has more of a strict structure, for example, at Harbin Number One High School. Students begin school at 7:00 a.m., and remain until 8:20 p.m. The seniors, preparing for their final examinations, stay later, even until 10:00 at night.
Education is the process of learning and acquiring knowledge at school from a teacher, receiving knowledge at home from a parent, a family member, and even friend. Education is a key that allows people to move up in the world, seek better jobs, and succeed in life. Education is one factor that affects job positions people hold, advance in their further career, the income they make, and the title they hold. The more educated a person is, the more prestige and power that person holds. Education improves the quality of life, reduces ignorance, and exposes frontiers and opportunities not previously handled. Education also focuses on the values, attitudes and behaviors that enable individuals to learn to live together in a world characterized by diversity and pluralism. Countries with a higher educated population will undoubtedly succeed in their economy, welfare, and trade, etc. China has the world’s largest education system. Many people in today’s generation believe that the world’s most intelligent individuals reside in China. With its growing population competition within China and internationally has become very apparent. Chinese children aged 6 through 15 are required to attend school. China’s education proves to be the strongest system in the world, not only in modern day, but also in the past. The education system of China unmistakably varies in comparison with the United States.