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Importance of physical activity to the body
Physical activity and health essay
Importance of physical activity to the body
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The research design is accurately addressing the issues of racism and disease. As a result, the cross-sectional design is appropriate for this study examining the association in the in-depth description and determining the relationship between the variables. The variables of inference are cardiovascular disease race/ethnicity, gender, and residence, emphasizing the risk factors of alcohol consumption, tobacco usage and physical activity adversely affecting health outcome. Now of the individual's age, gender and level of education at the time of the participation in the survey. The fundamental idea of the study is a focus on the population to understand the attitude and behaviors observing the causes for the unfortunate health effects on cardiovascular disease (Havranek et al., 2015). The outcome is to present if the community-based programs are reachable to the community to the likelihood of changing adverse health outcomes will …show more content…
The survey data offers a systematic assignment lowering the risk of researcher bias, also building upon the results of numerical data presenting an understanding of personal racism acting as a stressor inducing the reaction that negatively affects cardiovascular health. The philosophy of the relationship based on persistent inequities of potential health risk factors and outcomes in the continued burden of disease (Benjamin, Mackey, Matchar, Turan, Virani, Kissela, & Wong, 2014). The aim is to define the association with the independent variable cardiovascular disease, and measuring, aiming to change the dependent variables of alcohol consumption, smoking tobacco, and sedentary behavior in the heterogeneous sampling of one hundred and fifty- three. The generalization representation of the African American community living in rural Northern Virginia is the correlation between variables, also the frequency of risk behaviors and differences in means in a case-control design in the comparison of
Williams, D. R., Lavizzo-Mourey, R., & Warren, R. C. (1994). The concept of race and health
Lynch, J. W. (1996). Do cardiovascular risk factors explain the relation between socioeconomic status, risk of all-cause morality, cariovascular mortality, and acute mycardial infarction? American Journal of Epidemiology, 144 (10), 934-942.
Health problem can affect the individuals’ quality of life and well-being. It is imperative to identify the key indicators of health and contributing factors in the community. This will enable the community to create an appropriate interventions, and essential actions to address health problems in a population. For this particular assignment, I chose Harwood Heights, Illinois to gather data and identify the major health problems and the contributing factors that the community is suffering from. According to Presence Resurrection Medical Center (2013), the leading causes of deaths in Harwood Heights are heart disease, and diabetes. Likewise, overweight or obesity, alcohol abuse, and tobacco use are an obvious concern in the community. A finding
“Racial and ethnic disparities are the differences in the rate of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific racial and ethnic population groups” (Kominski, 2014, p. 95).
The social determinants of health, as described by Julia F. Costich, include social/economic environment and, occasionally, physical environment as a result of one’s social/economic status. These determinants are social as they are not biological factors, such as genes, but rather are influenced by social aspects in one’s life, such as class, race, and gender. These social determinants are related to inequality and oppression as, generally, an oppressed group has lower access to health care, proper nutrition, and other biological factors and, as a result, lower health in general.
A survey was conducted in 2003 at Ohio University’s Appalachian Rural Health Institute to recognize the rate of diabetic in four southeast Appalachian Ohio counties, showed 8.3% of the total sample was diagnosed with diabetes using a Random Modified Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. (Diabetes: A Family Matter, 2012). In 2006, and a follow up study using the same design showed an increase of 11.3% on seven additional Appalachian Ohio counties. (Diabetes: A Family Matter, 2012) The high incidence of diabetes incidence is like other at-risk minority groups, such African American, Native Americans and Hispanics according studies showed at Ohio University.
Williams, D. R., & Jackson, P. (2014, April 1). Health Affairs. Social Sources Of Racial Disparities In Health. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/24/2/325.short
Racism not only impairs the well being of a person with color but also white who experience stress in interracial contacts may be compromising their own health as well. Our system preforms fast, intuitive thinking and comes to automatic judgments all without any conscious control. This automatic system is responsible for racial biases. Negative thoughts crop up automatically before we are consciously aware of them, so tamping them down requires extra mental effort
Williams, David R., Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, and Rueben C. Warren. "The Concept of Race and Health Status in America." Public Health Reports. 109, no. 1 (January/February 1994): 26-41.
In the United States, certain standards have been set in place to cater to the needs of the average individual. The existence of health iniquity and health disparities however has been detrimental to the equal realization of these standards in all communities. Communities of color and especially American Indian, Hispanic and African Americans living in the United States have bore the brunt of these failures. Social determinants of health including income, education, accesses to food, security, housing etc. all play a significant role in this dynamic. The poor access of these resources in communities of color continues to fuel their marginalization, hence perpetuating the cycle of
The article mentioned groups of people that mostly experience inequality to healthcare services. These groups include African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans and Asian Americans. Per the article, African Americans and the Hispanics were the two groups mostly affected by the disparity. Unequal access to healthcare services is detrimental to the overall health and well being in general. Diseases need to be treated and controlled and when that is not the case the diseases will create more havoc in the body. It stated that “African Americans have an increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, stroke and obesity while Hispanics have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes”. As stated by Kim, Ford, Chiriboga, & Sorkin, (2012,) the risk of being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was 18% higher in Asians, 66% higher in Hispanics, and 77% higher in non-Hispanic blacks than in non-Hispanic whites” (p.1). These diseases African Americans and Hispanics suffer from can could be caught early and manage to decrease further damage to the body. Stroke could be prevented by controlling hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes could be prevented through maintaining normal body weight, eating balance diet and exercising regularly. This level of knowledge regarding preventions may be lacking among
Color-blind racial ideology is the idea that race isn’t important, therefore should not and does not matter in terms of identity. The results of the study found that students that had color-blind attitudes had less race-related stress than their peers. The researchers noted that because this was a self-reporting survey, the data is limiting because students may not be aware of the systemic and institutional forms of racism that covertly affects them. In this study, 79.4% of the participants were women, which is a common factor among articles regarding the mental health of college students. Due to some students identifying themselves as ethnicities such as Caribbean or African, the sample only used the data from the students that identified as African American because they did not want to have any differences within the participant’s identities. Sanchez ad Awad (2016) study proved that there wasn’t a significant difference between ethnic groups in relation to discrimination. Sanchez and Awad (2016) conducted a study that examined ethnic group differences in racial attitudes, perceived racial discrimination, and mental health outcomes in African American, Black Caribbean, and Latino Caribbean college students. These students share the same racial identity in the United States (Black) but ethnic backgrounds are vastly
Despite substantial public health gains in recent years, heart disease and stroke are among the leading causes of death and major causes of disability in the United States. The goal of this paper is to provide an inventory of the successful interventions implemented and the theory or model applied in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). According to a study by Stuart-Shor, et.al, 2012, most of the factors that contributes to CVD are modifiable and preventable and falls on social, environmental, biological, and systems factors. Black people are more affected by CVD compared with white Americans. High blood pressure, high
Psychosocial effects of racism involve social occurrences that have psychological effects. These psychological effects can in turn have physiological implications, primarily through chronic stress and the resulting elevated levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol. The stress associated with repeated and unrelenting discrimination as well as the anticipation and internalization of that racism has far reaching impacts on all Black Americans (Williams & Mohammed, 2013). For poor Black Americans, the stress associated with racism is compounded with that of poverty. This chronic high level of cortisol circulated in the body leads to a physiological phenomenon known as biological weathering, in which the accumulation of stressors over time leads to a gradual wearing down of the body’s systems and accelerated biological aging (Sullivan, 2013). Mechanistically, weathering is associated with chronic inflammation that can lead to tissue damage and a higher risk for chronic and age related conditions such as cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s (Simons et al., 2016). Although the exact mechanism of epigenetic modification is not yet known, weathering can be measured by methylation at various CpG sites across the genome (Simons et al.,
Racism towards a group of people can cause low self-esteem, depression, and many other mental health issues. With these conditions comes physical symptoms. In one study done at a large predominantly white school, researchers tracked black student’s and white student’s sleeping habits throughout the year. Black students, who were more likely to suffer from racism, developed worse sleeping habits than their white classmates. With less sleep comes the physical symptom of fatigue, and the mental symptoms of depression, irritability, and more (Fuller-Rowell, 2017). There are several studies that show that there is an inverse relationship between racism and mental and physical