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Marx theory of social class
Marx theory of social class
Classes and class struggle in communist manifesto
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Have you ever wondered what your life could’ve been if you were born rich or in a different time period? In The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant the authors describe the lives of two distinct classes found in modern society, the bourgeoisie and the proletariats, the have and the have-nots if you will. Both texts have conveyed wealth as a dividing factor in society. Wealth allows those who have it to hold an advantage over the rest of society. It also causes the less fortunate to feels envious and perhaps disheartened about not being able to enjoy a carefree life.
In The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx the author shows that wealth is detrimental to society because it divides people based on material
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Mathilde Loisel was born into a family of clerks but feels that she was born for the high life. She gets a once in a lifetime opportunity to impress at a party attended by the wealthiest people in town. At the party, Mathilde is the most beautiful woman in attendance, and everyone notices her. She is intoxicated by the attention and has an overwhelming sense of self-satisfaction. However, things don’t go as planned when she loses her friend’s diamond necklace and it leads to her downfall over the course of a decade. On page 5 Maupassant wrote "What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace? Who knows? Who knows? How strange life is and changeful! How little a thing is needed for us to be lost or to be saved!" Mathilde appears to regret nothing about the night except losing the necklace. She fails to realize that it was her desire to appear to be someone other than herself that led to her demise. Despite her hardships, Mathilde has failed to learn from her mistakes and instead be asking herself what would have happened if she hadn’t borrowed the necklace in the first
In “The Necklace”, Mathilde feels she has been born into a family of unfavorable economic status. She’s so focused on what she doesn’t have. She forgets about her husband who treats her good. She gets too carried away being someone someone
To start off with, Mathilde had many conflicts she had to face during the story. First, she was poor and low in the social class. In the textbook it says, “she dressed plainly because she could not afford fine clothes.” She does not have money to buy new clothes because she is poor. Secondly, she got invited to the ball but had no evening clothes. “Only I don’t have an evening dress and therefore I can’t go to the affair.” Mathilde is poor and does not own an evening dress and can’t afford a dress she thinks she can’t go to the ball. Next, she has no jewelry to wear. . “It’s embarrassing not to have a jewel or gem-nothing to wear on my dress. I’ll look pauper.” She has no jewels or gems to go with her dress. Finally, she overcame many conflicts
and teachings of Karl Marx, is a system in which everyone is seen as equal and wealth is
The distribution of wealth has always been a focus of modern society. In the 19th century, both Andrew Carnegie and Karl Marx addressed the unequal distribution of wealth in capitalist societies. In “the Gospel of Wealth,” Carnegie conveys that wealth among the few is the most efficient and natural result of capitalism. He claims that if the rich make all the monetary decisions and invest into society, the poor will eventually prosper. This contrasts considerably with Marx’s proposal, which calls for the equal distribution of wealth. In the “Communist Manifesto,” Marx argues that society functions the best if a classless society is established. While both Carnegie and Marx present their view on the unequal distribution of wealth, Marx makes
...tory is basically based on the necklace itself. In fact it almost seems as if the theme of the story instead was related to the definition of “deceiving” or “lying.” It doesn’t become obvious until the end of the story when Mathilde is faced once again with Mme. Forestier and it’s then made clear that the fallacy that Mathilde had was all wrong. Guy De Maupassant makes Mathilde seem foolish when Mme. Forestier tells her the truth about the necklace price and Mathilde is somewhat seemed as a fool. All her traumas of being “poor” are almost as if it backfired on her, because she was unhappy and kept complaining of her life.
She suffered all those ten years just for a necklace that she absolutely had to have. It’s ironic because she suffered and worked for a necklace that was not worth all of that at all. The author didn’t reveal this until the very end of the story. “Oh, my poor Mathilde? Why, my necklace was paste. It was worth at moat five hundred francs” (Maupassant 558). This is situational irony in the short story The
She was overcome with a want she could not have unless she worked for it, which she did not do. After she lost the borrowed necklace, she realized she could work to pay for something, even if it was debt. Just like in “The Golden Touch” this traumatic event caused them to realize wealth does not equal happiness, friends, family, and life can make them happy. When Mathilde finally caught up with her rich friend again and found out the necklace was fake, Mathilde realized mass wealth and beauty are not necessarily tied and you do not need wealth to be higher on the social
Other details in the story also have a similar bearing on Mathilde’s character. For example, the story presents little detail about the party scene beyond the statement that Mathilde is a great “success” (7)—a judgment that shows her ability to shine if given the chance. After she and Loisel accept the fact that the necklace cannot be found, Maupassant includes details about the Parisian streets, about the visits to loan sharks, and about the jewelry shop in order to bring out Mathilde’s sense of honesty and pride as she “heroically” prepares to live her new life of poverty. Thus, in “The Necklace,” Maupassant uses setting to highlight Mathilde’s maladjustment, her needless misfortune, her loss of youth and beauty, and finally her growth as a responsible human being.
She is constantly whining about how plain and uninteresting her life is, even though she has a comfortable home and loving husband. Having what most would kill for, she still dreams of a world of gold and wealth; a reality of extravagance and luxury that is chalk-full of rich, exciting people and parties. Fundamentally restated, she is a vain, thankless woman who possesses the steadfast credence she was born to live a better life. Monsieur Loisel, her husband, on the other hand, is a hardworking, modest man who enjoys the unpretentious simplicity of his life, completely satisfied with the food that is cooked for him as well as his routine job at the Ministry of Education. When invited to a formal ball, Mathilde borrows a necklace seemingly expensive and misplaces it.
Karl Marx noted that society was highly stratified in that most of the individuals in society, those who worked the hardest, were also the ones who received the least from the benefits of their labor. In reaction to this observation, Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto where he described a new society, a more perfect society, a communist society. Marx envisioned a society, in which all property is held in common, that is a society in which one individual did not receive more than another, but in which all individuals shared in the benefits of collective labor (Marx #11, p. 262). In order to accomplish such a task Marx needed to find a relationship between the individual and society that accounted for social change. For Marx such relationship was from the historical mode of production, through the exploits of wage labor, and thus the individual’s relationship to the mode of production (Marx #11, p. 256).
Loisel repaid the necklace together with their sweat and tears. Mathilde didn’t have a choice; she had to change from a vain, ungrateful, material, bored wife, into a hardworking proud and loving wife. She even says, right before she runs into Mme. Forestier, “What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace? Who knows? Who knows? How life is strange and changeful! How little a thing is needed for us to be lost or to be saved!”(39) In that quote I saw 2 things, when she asked herself what would have happened if she didn’t lose the necklace, she doesn’t go into some fairytale about what life she could be living, she just accepts what she is now, even if it’s not the easiest life in the world. At the very end of that quote “How little a thing is needed for us to be lost or to be saved!”(39) The fact that she added “or to be saved!” to her thought, tells me that she realizes that she was vain and unappreciated and that she lacked character, but now she is grateful, even though it was such a terrible thing, she was grateful that she was able to say that she was a better person now, even after everything that happened to her than she ever “dreamed” of being before. Guy de Maupassant certainly described a very difficult hardship for Mathilde in “The Necklace” but in the end, everything that happened to her, made her a much better and stronger woman inside and out. This story teaches a very important lesson, you have no idea what you can do and who you can become, until your chips are down and you’re put between a rock and a hard
There comes a time in a woman’s life where she tends to become bitter and ungrateful. It is natural to feel that way in any time period for young women coming to age as they do not realize what they have to do stay beautiful. Some women can even get so caught up in their life, that no one, not even their husband really matter to them. In “The Necklace”, by Guy de Maupassant it reveals Mathilde’s selfish and conceited ways, as she is not thankful for an invitation Mr. Loisel gives to her to attend the ball. Although Mathilde may not be the most grateful wife, she learns the hard way of what struggle really is later on in the story. It is clear on a psychological note that Mathilde generates materialistic, unappreciative, and egotistical tendencies.
In “The Necklace,” Mathilde’s internal struggle is with herself. She mentally battled with the physical and financial limitations placed on her, but more with her own soul. She was unhappy with her place in life and could not accept the simplicity of her station, believing it to be truly beneath her. “All those things… tortured her and made her angry. “ Her husband’s blatant acceptance of their place only fueled her frustrations further.
The Necklace also displays distinctive realism in the use of socioeconomic influences which are essential to the plot. The major conflict in the story would be absent and the theme would not be obtainable without Mathilde Loisel’s insecurity about her own socioeconomic reputation. An example of Loisel’s self-deprivation nature is presented when she realizes she does not have a necklace, she says “I shall look absolutely no one. I would almost rather not go to the party” (Maupassant, sec. 3). Another example of the self-conflict caused by social pressure is Loisel’s immediate attempt to replace the necklace and her reluctance to speak to her friend Madame Forestier about the necklace for ten whole years. If she were not conflicted by societal pressures she might have avoided the whole situation altogether. The Necklace establishes a realistic difference in value between the necklaces and proposed clothing. Her husband proposes flowers which were valued 10 franks so in any case if she had chosen the flowers there would have been an insignificant economic loss. Her decision not to tell her friend about the necklace ends up costing her seven times the worth of the original. The roses symbolize the simpler things in life to the theme of the story. Mathilde Loisel’s withered appearance at the end
Mathilde Loisel grew up in the working class and had no expectations in life. Mathilde settled for a lifestyle she was unhappy with. When she got married, she and her husband would sit around the dinner table and imagine they were eating a luxurious meal. Together, they had nothing. Mathilde had no clothes, no jewels, and only one friend (who was rich). Mathilde dreamt of wealth, fine clothes, and a beautiful house. She knew that those dreams were unrealistic and unattainable.