Communism in Buddhist Tibet
analytical Essay
2908 words
Tibet was once a nation steeped in a rich religious culture that sought to spread Buddhism and happiness for all souls on earth. Today’s Tibetan Buddhist culture is merely a shadow of what it once was. Following the Chinese Communist invasion in 1950, Tibet went from what was once known as the “roof of the world” to being a region controlled by China. The Chinese government considers Tibet as a region they have held sovereignty over for centuries. However, the Dalai Lama refutes this claim and states that Tibet was independent of China and was colonized over time. Under China’s oppressive red thumb, the Tibetan people suffered starvation, exploitation, and the destruction of their culture. The Chinese government tried to secularize Tibet and forcefully push the state toward modernization at the cost of the Tibetan people. They raised crop yields as a result of the exploitation of their land, destroyed Tibetan monasteries and nunneries, killed many monks and nuns, and forced what survivors were left either into exile or to return back to their home villages. China states that they acknowledge the repression caused by the Chinese government and that they’re working toward helping Tibet to revive their Buddhist culture. However, today’s Tibetan monasteries have been reduced to mere tourist attractions for the Chinese government to make money off of unsuspecting tourists. Most Tibetan monks are forced to travel elsewhere to fully functioning monasteries in order to have the freedom to practice their religion. Despite Tibet’s cries for independence from Communist China, the international community has responded by not denying claims that Tibet is an autonomous region of China. As we go through the hardships that Tibetan culture had to ...
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Farkas, Julie, and Richard Farkas. "Religion in the Life and Landscape of Tibet." American Geographical Society's Focus on Geography 52.2 (2009): 30-37. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Dec. 2013.
Hilton, Isabel. "God in China." Index on Censorship 33.4 (2004): 200-204. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Dec. 2013.
Holzman, Marie. "Chinese Intellectuals and the Tibet Issue." China Perspectives 2009.3 (2009): 75-76. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Dec. 2013.
Jacobs, Andrew. "Chinese Police said to Fire on Tibetans." New York Times 9 July 2013, n. pag. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. .
Kolås, Åshild (2003) "Class" in Tibet: Creating Social Order Before and During the Mao Era , Identities: Global Studies In Culture and Power 10(2): 181–200.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that tibet was once a rich religious culture that sought to spread buddhism and happiness for all souls on earth. the dalai lama refutes this claim.
- Opines that the cultural revolution profoundly affected the tibetan people's culture and way of life.
- Explains that before the revolution, tibet's social classes were divided into upper and lower classes of nobles and common people.
- Explains that tibet was once a rich religious culture that sought to spread buddhism and happiness for all souls on earth. the dalai lama refutes this claim.
- Opines that the cultural revolution profoundly affected the tibetan people's culture and way of life.
- Explains that before the revolution, tibet's social classes were divided into upper and lower classes of nobles and common people.
- Explains how the chinese re-constructed the social order of tibet, and distributed the land among the tibetans, transforming it into a "socialist society."
- Explains that there have been contentions among chinese intellectuals regarding the tibet issue. wei jingsheng, liu xiaobo, wang lixiong, and many others tried to end repression in tibet
- Explains that there have been organizations formed for the purpose of improving relations between china and tibet, as well as implement talks to introduce human rights for tibet.
- Explains that there were many lawyers who offered to serve tibetans who were sentenced to appear in chinese courts. li fangping represented a tibetan monk in court and won the trial.
- Explains that under chinese rule, people in tibet are not allowed to take part in actions deemed illegal by chinese authorities, such as hanging pictures of the dalai lama.
- Explains that many tibetans feel forcibly estranged from their language, culture, and religion by repressive chinese policies that have intensified since a wave of protests engulfed the region in 2008.
- Opines that unless repressions cease, there will continue to be self-immolation of tibetans and they will never be able to live and worship freely.
- Analyzes farkas, julie, and richard, "religion in the life and landscape of tibet." american geographical society's focus on geography.
- Analyzes jacobs, andrew, and the new york times article, "chinese police said to fire on tibetans."
- Analyzes kols, shild's work on "class" in tibet: creating social order before and during the mao era.
- Explains that tibetan buddhism began in the 8th century with the arrival of shantarakshita and padmasambhava, who established the samye monastery.
- Explains how the chinese invaded tibet in 1950 and forcibly convinced it to sign the peaceful liberation agreement of 1951.
- States bradsher, henry, "tibet struggles to survive." foreign affairs. 1 july 1969.
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- Women in Tibetanalytical essayYoung, S. (2000). Women changing Tibet, activism changing women. In E.B. Findly (Ed.), Women’s Buddhism, Buddhism’s women (pp. 229-242). Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publication.
In this essay, the author
- Explains how the chinese occupation of 1949 used force and torture to manipulate the tibetan people, despite the country's strong pacifist beliefs.
- Explains that although tibet claims to issue women equal rights, the gender gap surpasses the differences seen in america. the buddha was convinced by his aunt to accept women into the buddhist religion.
- Analyzes how the raping of tibetan girls by chinese soldiers and encouragement of chinese to marry are examples of abuse and manipulation that women face.
- Explains how the chinese occupation of 1949 used force and torture to manipulate the tibetan people, despite the country's strong pacifist beliefs.
- Explains that although tibet claims to issue women equal rights, the gender gap surpasses the differences seen in america. the buddha was convinced by his aunt to accept women into the buddhist religion.
- Analyzes how the raping of tibetan girls by chinese soldiers and encouragement of chinese to marry are examples of abuse and manipulation that women face.
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- Explains that china imprisons hundreds of women, despite their ages or health conditions, so that they release the names of the pro-independence organizations.
- Describes aukerman, m., whose nirvana? tibetan buddhist nuns in north india.
- Opines that we have no rights, not even our bodies adapted. in m. davies, women and violence: realities and responses worldwide.
- Opines that we are using the beijing process to make our voices heard.
- Explains young, s., women changing tibet, activism changing women, in e.b. findly's women’s buddhism.
- Explains that pakistan imposes strict regulations to a developing woman, such as no high-protein foods to avoid menstruation, and sexual intercourse. the gender gap extends to tibetan monasteries and nunneries.
- Explains how the chinese oppressed the religious people of tibet by stripping them naked, raping them, and degrading their beliefs.
- Cites jampa, t., lamm, d. and jamma. integration of the human rights of women and the gender perspective.
- Cites nelson, s., pinto, and tsomo, k.l. (1999). pregnancy and childbirth in tibetan culture.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains the importance of the dalai lama when studying buddhism in modern society.
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- Explains that the 14th dalai lama was born in 1935 in taktser, a small farming community in northeastern tibet, and was recognized as the new one. he lived in lhasa until the 1950s when the chinese occupation of tibet began.
- Explains the importance of the dalai lama when studying buddhism in modern society.
- Explains that the dalai lama is the physical incarnation of chenrezig, a follower of siddhartha gautama.
- Explains that the 14th dalai lama was born in 1935 in taktser, a small farming community in northeastern tibet, and was recognized as the new one. he lived in lhasa until the 1950s when the chinese occupation of tibet began.
- Explains that the dalai lama continues to be a spiritual guide for the people of tibet. his holiness lives by the following three major commitments: the promotion of good human values and the preservation of tibetan buddhist culture.
- Opines that the dalai lama is a well-respected political figure in the world today. his speech to the united states congress in 1987 earned him the nobel peace prize.
- Opines that the dalai lama's holiness should be respected and admired by the people around the world.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that the dalai lama is the reincarnated spiritual and political icon presiding over the land of tibet for over 14 lifetimes.
- Explains that the dalai lama's origins date back to the start of the gelukpa school, a monastery opened near lhasa in tibet in the 15th century.
- Explains that lamaism's belief of reincarnation is a primary aspect of the religion. the monks go door-to-door looking for children born the day the dalai lama died.
- Explains that the dalai lama is the reincarnated spiritual and political icon presiding over the land of tibet for over 14 lifetimes.
- Explains that the dalai lama's origins date back to the start of the gelukpa school, a monastery opened near lhasa in tibet in the 15th century.
- Explains that lamaism's belief of reincarnation is a primary aspect of the religion. the monks go door-to-door looking for children born the day the dalai lama died.
- Explains that the dalai lama tried to negotiate with china for 9 years, but was forced out of tibet after the chinese army marched in and occupied tibet.
- Explains that the chinese invasion has forced over 800 monks and nuns out of monasteries and imprisoned more than 12,000.
- Explains that the 14th dalai lama has taken great leaps towards peaceful resolution of the chinese-tibetan conflict.
- Opines that icons like the dalai lama are essential to our society because they remind us that there is still hope left in the world.
- Describes the encyclopedia of world biography of dalai lama and gale student resources in context.
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In this essay, the author
- Questions whether the most common celebrity interpretation of the events that occurred is actually happening over in the china and tibetan region.
- Analyzes how china appointed new religious and political leaders, or lama's, to positions that had previously been appointed and filled by delegates. the sect of tibet wanted fair treatment if they were part of the chinese republic.
- Opines that the chinese government is questioning the free tibet movement's claim, stating that it is not the hidden away-lost continent it used to be.
- Questions whether the most common celebrity interpretation of the events that occurred is actually happening over in the china and tibetan region.
- Analyzes how china appointed new religious and political leaders, or lama's, to positions that had previously been appointed and filled by delegates. the sect of tibet wanted fair treatment if they were part of the chinese republic.
- Opines that the chinese government is questioning the free tibet movement's claim, stating that it is not the hidden away-lost continent it used to be.
- Opines that the celebrity backup has helped the tibetan cause, but many of these things are not necessarily along the lines of the plight of tibetans.
- Introduces barber, noel, from the land of lost content: the dalai lama's fight for tibet.
- Explains that tibet was a mystical land that few people knew about, but celebrities have come out in force to make it the center of attention.
1717 wordsRead More - The Dalai Lama, Before, During And After The Chinese Invasionanalytical essayPeacock, John. The Tibetan way of Life, death and rebirth', Duncan Baird Publishers, 2003, London.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the universally recognized 14th dalai lama fought tirelessly for the freedom for tibet, during and after the unlawful occupation of the chinese.
- Explains that tenzin gyatso, the 14th dalai lama, was born in 1934 in eastern tibet. he was hailed his predecessor's incarnation at the age of two.
- Describes how the dalai lama fulfilled his traditional role of spiritual leader until 1949, when the threat of a chinese invasion became evident.
- Explains that the universally recognized 14th dalai lama fought tirelessly for the freedom for tibet, during and after the unlawful occupation of the chinese.
- Explains that tenzin gyatso, the 14th dalai lama, was born in 1934 in eastern tibet. he was hailed his predecessor's incarnation at the age of two.
- Describes how the dalai lama fulfilled his traditional role of spiritual leader until 1949, when the threat of a chinese invasion became evident.
- Analyzes how the dalai lama's statement shows the strong, fearless and compassionate leader tibet was fortunate to be in possession of.
- Explains that the dalai lama sent appeals to the united nations for assistance in keeping tibet free from chinese entanglement, but the document were not taken as official.
- Explains that while the dalai lama remained in tibet, his life was at stake. tibet went into a cataclysmic effect of destruction and disorder.
- Describes how mao zedong established the seventeen-point system, which eliminated tibet's past independence. these horrific figures have shocked the world and brought about remorse and compassion towards the tibetan people and the dalai lama.
- Explains that the "liberation" of tibet resulted in the death of 1.2 million tibetans and the destruction of over 6,000 tibetan monasteries and cultural centers.
- Opines that the primary beneficiaries of china's presence in tibet have been the chinese settlers, their government and military, and their business enterprises.
- Explains that the dalai lama and the tibetan government in-exile have offered a number of proposals for negotiations for the mutual benefit of tibet and china.
- Explains that the dalai lama plays many roles as a spiritual and political leader, buddhist teacher, spokesperson for peace, interfaith proponent and ambassador for his people and their beleaguered country.
- Explains that the dalai lama had many talks with foreign leaders, and by 1959, tibet was no longer safe for his holiness.
- Explains that the dalai lama has continued to fight for freeing tibet since the 1960's. he has asked china to give tibetans still living in tibet the right to self-determination.
- Analyzes how the dalai lama and his government in exile publicized a constitution for the future free tibet.
- Opines that his holiness assists in buddhist teachings, participating in conferences, and tirelessly repeating his message of peace, love and compassion in public forums, all in the hope of educating the world on the grievous state
- Analyzes how the events that led to tibet's invasion by china and the actions following the invasion have changed and damaged tibet deeply.
- Explains that the dalai lama won the nobel peace prize in 1989 for his non-violent approach and efforts to liberate tibet from china.
- Cites the information centre at tien w'gong buddhism temple.
1373 wordsRead More - The Dalai Lama’s Government in Exileanalytical essayIf I had to ask the Dalai Lama one question concerning the behalf of his exiled government and the status of his people, I know exactly what it would be. How can you preach non-violence and compassion while watching your people in Tibet suffer such inhumane punishments for simply having national and spiritual pride? As an established political and spiritual leader of any given nation, the first and foremost obligation of this office is to maintain and uphold the well-being and overall safety of the peoples of that nation. The Dalai Lama has traditionally held the position of spiritual and political leader within the Tibetan culture, and continues to do so in the exiled Tibetan government since the occupation of Tibetan lands by the communist forces of China. Contrary to the actions of most other nations in this same position, Tibet has decided to take a non-violent approach to defending their country under the instruction of their beloved leader. While some attempts at liberation from the Chinese occupation have been organized and ended up in failure, little resistance has stood in the way of the Chinese government concerning their seizure of Tibet as part of the “motherland of China.” I found it hard to believe that the actions of the Tibetan people under the Dalai Lama’s influence are the right steps towards regaining freedom and independence for their nation, but the more I explore this topic, the more I realize the genius and beauty behind the method. In the following pages, I will explore the ways in which the Dalai Lama has approached the goal of independence from China for his country. Further, I will discuss the reasoning and mindset of...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the dalai lama's non-violent and peace-loving tactics are the right steps towards regaining freedom and independence for their nation.
- Explains the structure of the tibetan government before the chinese occupation. the highest-ranking official was the dalai lama.
- Describes how china set up imperial residences on the chinese-tibetan border in hopes of gradually phase out the native rulers and lamas that governed the province of kham.
- Opines that the dalai lama's non-violent and peace-loving tactics are the right steps towards regaining freedom and independence for their nation.
- Explains the structure of the tibetan government before the chinese occupation. the highest-ranking official was the dalai lama.
- Describes how china set up imperial residences on the chinese-tibetan border in hopes of gradually phase out the native rulers and lamas that governed the province of kham.
- Explains how the chinese used multiple methods of propaganda to assure the tibetan people that their presence was imperative to the survival of the nation.
- Opines that the cultural revolution of the communist chinese aimed at eliminating buddhist practices entirely in tibet.
- Analyzes how the dalai lama and his cabinet called on the u.n. for help after the korean war. india's intervention was both unexpected and unexplained.
- Describes how the tibetan rebels used guerilla warfare tactics to weaken the chinese forces in tibet after the invasion and occupation of tibet.
- Explains the definitive account of the dalai lama and tibet since the chinese conquest.
- Explains that recent developments in tibet: one step forward, three steps back. sub-committee for east asian and pacific affairs on the committee on foreign relations
- Explains that tibet's non-violent response to the chinese oppression falls mainly in the realm of religion. china and tibet have been in a battle for the tibetan region for thousands of years.
- Explains that tibet remained an autonomous, independent nation aside from china for approximately 38 years until 1950 when the recently installed communist government of the people's republic of china started its military invasion of tibet.
- Analyzes how the chinese invaded tibet to save it from imperialism. they used bribery and persuasion to convince tibetans of their self-proclaimed right to rule.
- Explains that the dalai lama feared for his safety and escaped into india to find outside sources to aid in the fight against china.
- Analyzes how the dalai lama's non-violent resistance to the communist occupation of tibet has been noticed by the united states and united nations as a peaceful act of negotiation.
- Opines that the dalai lama's job is to promote the well-being and overall safety of his people.
3771 wordsRead More - Tibetan Thanka Paintingsexplanatory essayIn Tibet one might use the words “religion” and “culture” almost as synonyms, especially for the arts—literature, drama, painting, and sculpture. Not only were they inspired by religion, but religion was their very raison d’être (Pal 18).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the preparation of the materials and their application was crucial for the painting's execution, but also for its use in practice and its survival.
- Explains that tibetans believed that quality in paints, base fabrics, and frames—among other materials—enhanced the spiritual worth of a thanka.
- Explains that there are several types of compositions in religious thankas: narrative, a main figure in its pure realm, repetitive depictions, and lineages.
- Explains that the preparation of the materials and their application was crucial for the painting's execution, but also for its use in practice and its survival.
- Explains that tibetans believed that quality in paints, base fabrics, and frames—among other materials—enhanced the spiritual worth of a thanka.
- Explains that there are several types of compositions in religious thankas: narrative, a main figure in its pure realm, repetitive depictions, and lineages.
- Opines that art, like religion, was a part of one's dharma, one of the many elements that uphold life. if life is constant search for truth, beauty cannot be divorced from life
- Explains brzostoski, john, the riverside museum collection of tibetan art.
- Describes the principals of tibetan art, illustrations and explanations of buddhis iconogrpahy
- Explains that rigpa is the pure, pristine nature of the mind, taken from a lecture by vic mansfeild.
- Explains that tibetan thanka paintings are a wonderful example of the interconnectedness of religion and art.
- Explains that tibetan thanka artists, monks and professionals, work within the confines of religious tradition.
- Explains that tibetan buddhism requires that its thanka painters be "tantric initiates" and that the artist must be of high moral quality and know the holy scriptures exceptionally well.
- Explains that artistic styles can be distinguished from within the intricate development of tibetan painting.
- Explains that the wrathful divinity is one of the most recurrent themes in the art of tibet.
- Explains how the tibetan iconography used in thankas is incredibly precise because of art's relation to religious practice.
- Explains that thankas possessed the ability to "grant blessings" in a variety of ways, including physical contact between the devotee's body and the image.
- Explains that tibetan thanka paintings are often used in the buddhist religion for visualization meditation (sadhana).
- Explains that thanka paintings were not completed until they were consecrated, and the deity's presence was invoked in a variety of ritual settings.
- Explains that when looking at thanka paintings, it is important to let go of cluttering thoughts and approach the work while in a state of rigpa.
- Explains the visual "events" that occur when viewing tibetan thanka paintings. line's basic nature is all encompassing and fluid.
- Opines that tibetan thanka paintings and all tibetan art are unique in that their entire purpose and creation revolves around the buddhist religion.
- Cites jackson, david, and janice. tibetan thangka painting, methods and materials. ithica, new york: snow lion publications, 1988.
- Opines that reynolds, valrae, and robert a. f. thurman are s of worlds of transformation, tibetan art of wisedom and compassion.
- Explains that they have run across many versions of spelling for the word thanka, and will use it throughout. yogic- a buddhist discipline aimed at training consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquillity.
4378 wordsRead More - The Tibetan Genocideanalytical essayThe Chinese have repeatedly tortured, imprisoned, and murdered Tibetans all for what they claim is national unity. While the oppression of the Tibetan people began in the 1950’s with the invasion of China, it continues just as strongly today. From religious oppression and unfair trials to the torture of nuns and monks, the Chinese abuse even the most reverent aspects of Tibetan culture. Political prisoners, whether they are monks, nuns or lay people, are tortured with utter disregard for human rights. Chinese laws have also been established to eradicate the Tibetan people entirely. Women often must endure forced abortions and sterilization due to Chinese birth policies. Through all of these crimes against humanity, China repeatedly commits acts of genocide as established by the United Nations.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the chinese have repeatedly tortured, imprisoned and murdered tibetans for what they claim is national unity. the oppression of the tibetan people began in the 1950’s with the invasion of china.
- Explains that a precise definition of genocide was instituted by the general assembly of the united nations in 1948.
- Explains china's policy of political imprisonment is a clear act of genocide. it is used to incite bodily and mental harm and inflict conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of the tibetan people.
- Explains that the chinese have repeatedly tortured, imprisoned and murdered tibetans for what they claim is national unity. the oppression of the tibetan people began in the 1950’s with the invasion of china.
- Explains that a precise definition of genocide was instituted by the general assembly of the united nations in 1948.
- Explains china's policy of political imprisonment is a clear act of genocide. it is used to incite bodily and mental harm and inflict conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of the tibetan people.
- Opines that torture and ill-treatment remain widespread and systemic in china, and that many acts which constitute torture are not offenses under the law.
- Explains that tibetans are arrested and put through such treatment with little to no evidence supporting them as criminals. in 1992, chinese raided tibetan homes in lhasa arresting more than 200 people.
- Argues that china justifies its human rights violations by committing acts of genocide within the prison system.
- Analyzes how the tibet information network's study of 879 cases showed that the largest counterrevolutionary offenses were demonstrating and distributing leaflets.
- Explains that once arrested for crimes of counterrevolution prisoners are either placed in police lock-up or in one of the many detention centers found throughout tibet. prisoners may be held without charge for three months or longer while their cases are under investigation.
- Explains that torture is the most common form of interrogating prisoners in the detention centers. the 1996 white paper on human rights noted that in 1994 there were 409 cases of extorting confessions
- Explains that the un convention against torture act requires china to prevent, forbid, and criminalize all acts of torture. however, torture is limited to "torture to coerce a statement or corporal punishment or abuse by judicial officers."
- Explains that the laojiao system is a heinous form of detaining prisoners through forced labor and living conditions. on the fortieth anniversary of the system, it had taken in over 2.5 million people throughout china.
- Explains jampel tsering's account of the detention center of gutsa and the re-education through labor center in drapchi are prime examples of genocide the chinese commit daily.
- Narrates how they were physically searched and then taken to their cells. the chinese deliberately made an assortment of all the bits of food that were just thrown on the floor or left over.
- Analyzes jampel's experience in a chinese prison system. he was beaten with an electric baton for possessing prayer beads and shocked on the mouth for fifteen minutes.
- Explains that prisoners are detained and tortured without being brought before a court of law. lack of due process in the chinese legal system allows for such conditions.
- Explains that the structure of the chinese legal system ensures that most arrested tibetans are found guilty of a crime, whether they committed it or not.
- Explains that serious bodily and mental harm, as well as the conditions of life inflicted on the tibetans, are not the only acts of genocide the chinese commit.
- Explains that sterilization is the chief form of birth control in tibet, similar to the coercion that is used to extort confessions from prisoners.
- Argues that china's policies regarding births in tibet are the same for all chinese people, but there is no legitimate reason for population control. the population density of tibet is one-hundredth that of china.
- Analyzes the unsettling aspects of china's birth control policy in tibet, such as infanticide. the patriotic desire of some tibetan women is overrun by the buddhist sentiment of seeing killing as the highest crime.
- Argues that chinese policies that deny reproductive rights to tibetan women are in place as another attempt to rid the world of the tibetan society.
- Opines that the influx of chinese into tibet is another means of effectively destroying tibetans as a class of people.
- Explains that the chinese government is doing everything in its power to ensure that chinese citizens move to tibet and start families there.
- Explains that tibet's ethnic composition and culture are in danger. the dalai lama sees the transference of chinese into tibet as seriously endangering the culture, religion, and language of these people.
- Analyzes how an eleven-year-old elementary school student articulates the loss of identity among the tibetan people due to chinese laws.
- Analyzes how the chinese epitomize genocide by targeting the tibetan people as a specific ethnic group and destroying their culture through criminal and non-criminal means.
- Explains that while chinese citizens receive many economic benefits to live in tibet, the tibetans themselves reap nothing and are often forced into labor.
- Explains that a project using compulsory labor was the building of an irrigation canal from risure to nedong and then to lhoka. while chinese citizens doing similar work were paid wages, the tibetans were forced to work without pay to benefit "their" land.
- Explains that prisoners are forced to mine borax and the lhasa ngachen hydro-electric plant was built with prison labor. while this labor kills and tortures the tibetan people, it is extremely beneficial to the chinese.
- Explains the chinese government's approach to eradicating tibetan peoples and their traditional ways of life through stifling religious beliefs.
- Explains that monks and nuns are imprisoned for following their beliefs. traditional buddhist rituals, and political indoctrination by chinese officials in places of worship are also outlaws.
- Explains that the lack of religious freedom in tibet destroys the culture of a people and leads to the brutalization and terrorization of some of the highest-ranking monastic officials. rinzen kunsang and the shungseb nunnery are examples.
- Recounts how they were handcuffed, stripped, and beaten with bamboo sticks and electric batons. they fainted during the beatings, telling them that due to their age, they had not suffered in the old days.
- Analyzes how a nun at the gari nunnery was tortured for demonstrating. she described the guards using electric batons on her body.
- Analyzes the chinese government's use of political and social ideologies to rationalize their laws and regulations.
- Analyzes how the chinese government's laws single out the tibetan people as a specific ethnicity which does not have the right to exist.
- Explains that the transfer of chinese citizens into tibet through government sponsored incentives is similar to previous genocidal policies which "forcibly transferred children of one group to another".
- Opines that cultural genocide is part of china's larger genocidal committing against tibet. laws which deny tibetans religious freedom, school tibetan children in chinese customs, and monitor any form of tibetan culture destroy the tibetan people.
- Analyzes how the united states secretary of state, colin powell, has stated many of these offenses in his reports, but fails to categorize them as genocide.
- Opines that it is time for the world to stop listening to china's ideological claims and see their treatment of tibetans as genocide.
4115 wordsRead More - Developing Tibetanalytical essayBodeen, Christopher. “Prosperity Isn’t Universal in Tibet Towns”. Associated Press News Service, August 25, 2003. (November 13, 2003).
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how china's modernization of tibet has helped out the macro economy, but the distribution of wealth has left the tibetan cultural identity on the verge of extinction.
- Explains that the chinese have had separate periods of policy towards tibet since the communist invasion in 1951. the chinese view the tibetan society as backward and primitive.
- Analyzes how the cultural revolution forced tibetans to import grain, while farmers and nomads were given the rights to their production inputs. the dalai lama calls for restoration and protection of tibet's natural resources
- Analyzes how china's modernization of tibet has helped out the macro economy, but the distribution of wealth has left the tibetan cultural identity on the verge of extinction.
- Explains that the chinese have had separate periods of policy towards tibet since the communist invasion in 1951. the chinese view the tibetan society as backward and primitive.
- Analyzes how the cultural revolution forced tibetans to import grain, while farmers and nomads were given the rights to their production inputs. the dalai lama calls for restoration and protection of tibet's natural resources
- Explains that tibet has immense amounts of geothermal energy resources that the chinese have begun to utilize.
- Analyzes how the chinese built the qinghai-tibet highway and the sichuan- tibi highway to connect lhasa to the rest of china. the railroad project will boost economic growth in tibet.
- Explains that tourism has a huge impact on the tibetan economy and its adverse effects on culture and environment.
- Describes puncog's life as a tour guide and wants to study english and other languages abroad. he has been influenced by foreigners and has turned towards western values and lifestyles.
- Analyzes how the destruction of traditional tibetan buildings and the construction of large chinese office buildings have created a lhasa completely different from that when the dalai lama lived there.
- Explains that the chinese who come to lhasa have more money, more skills, and receive preferential treatment from the government. tibetans are being replaced in almost all areas of the economy.
- Opines that the development of tibet has led to huge increases in gdp and other economic indicators. before the chinese entered, tibet was a primitive self-sufficient society.
- Explains that the traditional tibetan economy was a primitive self-sufficient society with little trade and no commerce or industry.
- Analyzes how the chinese have attempted to exploit the tibetan region's natural resources and modernize agriculture, industry, national defense, and technology.
- Explains that population transfer is a policy that transfers incredible amounts of chinese to tibet for two purposes: improving the economy and purging traditional tibetan society and culture.
- Compares the incomes of the chinese workers on the massive railroad project with those of tibetans who aren't benefiting from the development projects.
- Opines that the chinese development projects have destroyed the tibetan culture and put the people in a subordinate class in order for chinese domination.
- Explains ga, zha, shu-hsing, liao, yaowen, dong, wei, jing and mingzhen, sun.
- Cites sines, abigail, pan, philip p., and pan.
- Analyzes bodeen, christopher, bin, ling, and bin on tibet's special economic policies.
3915 wordsRead More - Human Rights Violations in Tibetopinion essaySha, Li. "Contribution of "Abolishment of Serf System" in Tibet to Human Rights Campaign - In Memory of the Fiftieth Anniversary of Democratic Reform in Tibet." ProQuest. Canadian Center of Science and Education, n.d. Web. 25 Oct 2013.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the people's republic of china has enacted harsh, severe, unforgiving policies against tibetans who show even the slightest hint of resistance to the chinese government.
- Opines that the chinese have for years forced tibetan women to undergo compulsory abortions and sterilizations, as there are relatively few tibetans, and there is legislation exempting minorities from china’s official one child policy.
- Explains that tibetan culture revolves around the reverence of all life, which has preserved the ecology of the plateau of tibet and the himalayas.
- Opines that the people's republic of china has enacted harsh, severe, unforgiving policies against tibetans who show even the slightest hint of resistance to the chinese government.
- Opines that the chinese have for years forced tibetan women to undergo compulsory abortions and sterilizations, as there are relatively few tibetans, and there is legislation exempting minorities from china’s official one child policy.
- Explains that tibetan culture revolves around the reverence of all life, which has preserved the ecology of the plateau of tibet and the himalayas.
- Explains that since the chinese invaded tibet in 1949, they have been unnecessarily arresting tibetans for showing the slightest hint of resistance to the government, or even showing admiration or approval of those who do so.
- Explains that the people's republic of china has long used torture to cruelly extract confessions from and punish suspected criminals.
- Opines that the chinese have no respect for tibetans' right to privacy. they have increased surveillance across the region, especially of former prisoners and returnees from exile.
- Opines that there is little evidence to suggest there has been a notable increase in the wellbeing of tibetans under chinese rule.
- Analyzes khabir's "human rights show no improvement in tibet." proquest. targeted news service, jun 2010.
- Cites karmel, solomon m., kurlantzick, joshua, and sautman, barry. "ethnic tension and the struggle for order: china's policies in tibet."
- Cites sha, li's contribution to human rights campaign in memory of the fiftieth anniversary of democratic reform in tibet.
1086 wordsRead More - A Tibetan Perspective on Birth and Deathexplanatory essay1 Geoff Childs Tibetan Diary From Birth to Death and Beyond in a Himalayan Valley of Nepal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004) 41.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that many religions and philosophies attempt to answer the question, what happens after a person dies. buddhism and hinduism believe that death is not final.
- Explains that infant mortality is a serious issue in tibetan and nepalese villages. tibetans explain death in terms of karma.
- Explains that buddhists believe that all earthly items and objects are impermanent and temporary. reincarnation is a way for survivors to make sense of death for both the old and the young.
- Explains that many religions and philosophies attempt to answer the question, what happens after a person dies. buddhism and hinduism believe that death is not final.
- Explains that infant mortality is a serious issue in tibetan and nepalese villages. tibetans explain death in terms of karma.
- Explains that buddhists believe that all earthly items and objects are impermanent and temporary. reincarnation is a way for survivors to make sense of death for both the old and the young.
- Explains the procedure used by tibetans when a person dies. they believe that all people deserve their death and position of rebirth.
- Opines that death is not a cessation in buddhism. it can be seen as new beginning and spiritual perfection for both living survivors and the dead.
- Describes geoff child's tibetan diary from birth to death and beyond in a himalayan valley of nepal.
1436 wordsRead More - Buddhism and Scienceexplanatory essayRinpoche, Samdhong. Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World: Tibetan Buddhism in Today’s World; forward by 14th Dalai Lama. (Tibet: World Wisdom, 2006), 264.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that buddhists believe in the evolution of human consciousness, which allows for an over arching acceptance of biological evolution. tibetan buddhism has the largest emphasis on reincarnation.
- Explains that spiritual evolution is a key aspect of buddhist philosophy. the idea originates from buddha's teachings, that souls travel along over time and change with each life.
- Explains that evolution was a factor in creating the earth and the beings that live on it today.
- Explains that buddhists believe in the evolution of human consciousness, which allows for an over arching acceptance of biological evolution. tibetan buddhism has the largest emphasis on reincarnation.
- Explains that spiritual evolution is a key aspect of buddhist philosophy. the idea originates from buddha's teachings, that souls travel along over time and change with each life.
- Explains that evolution was a factor in creating the earth and the beings that live on it today.
- Explains the four reasons why the buddhist religion and evolution can coincide, and even integrate.
- Explains that william sturgis bigelow explored the integration of the two types of evolution within buddhism and science that allow for a cohesive understanding.
- Explains that karma is directly related to spiritual evolution—it is the idea that deeds from past lives carry over with the soul.
- Explains that evolution is karmic, based on perera's ideas in the proto buddhism article.
- Concludes that buddhism and biological evolution fit very well together. the emphasis of reincarnation presented in tibetan buddhism allows for an even deeper exploration of this relationship.
- Explains bigelow, william sturgis, buddhism and immortality.
- Cites bodhipaksa, wildmind: "four reasons buddhists can love evolution," buddhist meditation, 2009.
- Explains broderick, bill, "spiritual evolution," cobourg athiest: canadian news and resources, 2009.
- Explains dhamma's "the agganna sutta." on knowledge of beginnings of human kind. the buddhist cosmology.
- Explains that "evolve, v. ", oed online, march 2012. oxford university press.
- Explains that "karma, n". oxford university press. http://www.oed.
- Explains that perera, aloy, "the next evolution is the evolution of consciousness," proto buddhism (2010).
- Explains pilgrim, pj, "the origin of the world," buddhist answers: the buddha, his identity, purpose, and teachings.
- Cites ratnaprabha's "review: buddhism and science: a guide for the perplexed."
- Analyzes rinpoche, samdhong, and dalai lama's uncompromising truth for a compromised world.
- Explains verhoeven, martin j., "buddhism and science: probing the boundaries of faith and reason." religion east and west, issue 1, june 2001, pp.
1899 wordsRead More - The Enforcement of International Lawanalytical essay(27) Canada Tibet Committee. “World Tibet Network News.” 1 Jan 2003. www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/2003/1/1_3.html (6 March 2003).
In this essay, the author
- Opines that exploitation of human rights is not justified in governmental documentation, but do in fact get carried out in practice.
- Explains that tenzin delek rinpoche and lobsang dhondup were arrested and charged with involvement in a series of bombings in kandze and chengdu.
- Explains that the u.s.-tibet committee said there was no "substantial evidence against the two tibetans." both had proclaimed their innocence in the december trials.
- Opines that exploitation of human rights is not justified in governmental documentation, but do in fact get carried out in practice.
- Explains that tenzin delek rinpoche and lobsang dhondup were arrested and charged with involvement in a series of bombings in kandze and chengdu.
- Explains that the u.s.-tibet committee said there was no "substantial evidence against the two tibetans." both had proclaimed their innocence in the december trials.
- Explains that the buddhist leader, tenzin delek rinpoche, has been credited with decreasing crime and tension between both tibetan and chinese settlers.
- Opines that lobsang dhondup's trial was unfair and violates international law standards and guarantees of a fair trial to all persons.
- Opines that the failure of dhondup and rinpoche to be provided with adequate legal representation is worth taking a closer look at for the purpose of revealing an aspect of the judicial proceedings.
- Explains that chinese criminal procedural law defines counter-revolutionary actions as "committed with the goal of overthrowing the political power of the proletariat and the socialist system."
- Argues that the arbitrariness of judicial proceedings in china does not provide the minimum standards protected by the universal declaration of human rights.
- Explains the conference of international lawyers statement on issues relating to self-determination and independence for tibet.
- Argues that china fails to comply with international human rights' norms set forth by the united nations charter. the international law commission encourages the development of international law and its codification.
- Explains that the misunderstanding of the chinese as facilitators to the protection of human rights rarely occurs anymore even considering a possible misrepresentative reading of policy in government issued decrees.
- Argues that the revisions to the criminal law and criminal procedure law (cpl) were a turn for the worse, leading to deprivation of due process at the expense of the imprisoned.
- Argues that the chinese legal system's failure to uphold basic human rights to its prisoners of political conscious harms humanity on two fundamental levels.
- Describes the provisions of the people’s republic of china's report on implementation of convention against torture in april 2000.
- Lists the staff of the committee and the department of state, a decade of american foreign policy: basic documents.
- Cites the information office of the state council of the people’s republic of china, which condemned the execution of lobsang dhondup.
4713 wordsRead More