Introduction
This is a discussion about the effects of invasive woody plants, speci غically common buckthorn
( Rhamnus cathartica ) on native species and forest habitat. The impact can be quite severe due to the wide host of conditions under which common buckthorn may grow and thrive, subsequently blocking the regeneration of other vegetation. Further ecological threats include the ability to eliminate competition around the shrub by spouting a proli غic number of dense seedlings directly under the parent plant (Wieseler, 2009). This growth habit is a primary reason the plant was originally introduced to North America; exhibiting a compact structure with many spiny branches, it was widely planted as hedges or fencerows, as well as an ornamental
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Various control methods are outlined, with an evaluation of their effectiveness. Common buckthorns habit of growing in dense thickets present a signi غicant management challenge in both control and eradication, with adaptations and regeneration strategies in its DNA.
Silvical Characteristics
Rhamnus cathartica is commonly known as common or European buckthorn, European waythorn, and Hart’s thorn (NYIS). Its life form is tree‐shrub. Common buckthorn is native to Europe and the northern and western parts of Asia; it was purposely introduced in the early 1800’s by European settlers as an ornamental hedge and windbreak (Zouhar, 2011). It has since spread throughout the north‐central and northeastern United States and the coastal provinces of Canada. In its native habitat, common buckthorn is an upland species occupying open forests, woodlands, and wetland fens. In the northern U.S., (Fig. 1), it has little discrimination; although it remains to be considered an upland species, it can be found in communities from very wet alkaline peat to mesic,
All over the country Native Americans would use this practice to prepare their fields for planting or create areas for the local wildlife. Taylor succeeds in his message of reorienting his readers view. Contrary to common belief Native Americans suffered more from European diseases and affected their local environments with fires.
Williams, A. B. (1936). The composition and dynamics of a beech-maple climax community. Ecological monographs, 6(3), 317-408.
The plots, blackberry rambles, pine barrens, and spacious groves of great eastern forest was an ecological kaleidoscope of garden chestnut, hickory, and oak…Early European explorers marveled at the trees that were spaced so that the forest “could be penetrated even by a large army”… English squatters encountered forested
"Introduction for Creating Habitats and Homes for Illinois Wildlife." DNR. Web. 14 Sept. 2011. .
Timmons, J. B., Alldredge, B., Rogers, W. E., & Cathey, J. C. (2012). Feral hogs negatively affect native plant communities. Informally published manuscript, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas A&M , College Station, TX, Retrieved from http://feralhogs.tamu.edu/files/2010/04/feral-hogs-native-plants.pdf
Eurasian milfoil or Myriophyllum spicatum is an aquatic invasive plant that can be found throughout the Chicagoland area and in surrounding bodies of water. This plant can be a hindrance to swimming, boating, and fishing because of their thick, tangled stems and mats of vegetation. According to the Minnesota Sea Grant, Eurasian milfoil also overcrowd a body of water, which leaves little room for the plants native to the Great Lakes. One prediction is that if the Eurasian milfoil is not stopped, a reduction of biodiversity may result in Chicago and the areas surrounding it. If this was to occur, the ecosystems of the Midwest region would be significantly impacted in a negative way.
Once the gray wolf population had declined in the National Park, many ecological impacts were observed. Without a sustainable wolf population in the park, the elk population began to take over and increase in size. Due to this increase in elk, many of the deciduous woody species began to become overgrazed. With the e...
The four North American cattails are: T. latifolia, T. angustifolia, T. glauca, and T. domengensis. T. latifolia has a range including Europe and Asia (Mohlenbrock 1970). In North America, it ranges widely from Alaska, through Canada, throughout the U.S. and into Mexico (Hotchkiss & Dozier 1949). It is common in every county in Illinois (Mohlenbrock 1970). T. angustifolia grows in Africa, Europe, and Asia (Mohlenbrock 1970). In North America, it ranges from the Northeast to the Midwest and also California (Hotchkiss & Dozier 1949). In Illinois it occurs throughout most of the state (Mohlenbrock 1970). Besides North America, T. qlauca and T. domengensis are also found in Europe. These two however, do not occur in Illinois. In the U.S., T. glauca ranges from the upper Midwest and Northeast down the Altantic coast to Florida and into Alabama. It also occurs in California. T. domengensis, being well adapted to brackish waters, grows along the coast from Delaware to Mexico and also occurs in the Southwest.
In the last decade, from the Rockies to New England and the Deep South, rural and suburban areas have been beset by white-tailed deer gnawing shrubbery and crops, spreading disease and causing hundreds of thousands of auto wrecks. But the deer problem has proved even more profound, biologists say. Fast-multiplying herds are altering the ecology of forests, stripping them of native vegetation and eliminating niches for other wildlife. ' 'I don 't want to paint deer as Eastern devils, ' ' said Dr. McShea, a wildlife biologist associated with the National Zoo in Washington, ' 'but this is indicative of what happens when an ecosystem is out of whack. ' ' The damage is worse than anyone expected, he and other scientists say. Higher deer densities have affected growth, survival, and reproduction of many plant species which have aesthetic, economic or ecological value. In some cases, many species of trees have also been shown to have reduced growth as a result of high deer density (Environmental Benefits of Hunting, 1). Deer prefer certain plant species over others and frequently feed on economically valuable tree species. For example, they prefer oak and sugar maple seedlings, as well as acorns, over less palatable species like American Beech and striped maple. Thus, less marketable species are more likely to survive to maturity,
In 1996, the Asian Longhorn Beetle made its way into the New York and New Jersey creating the decimation of the forests. The Asian Longhorn Beetle has so far caused the cutting of over 10,000 trees in New Jersey, and quarantine of 109 miles in New York today . The spread of this foreign beetle has created great impacts on the environment. The Asian Longhorn Beetle is an invasive specie, a harmful specie from another locations, mainly other countries, that has ended up in a foreign habitat. As time has progressed, invasive species have continued to come into our environment more frequently creating many unforeseen consequences. The relationship of invasive species within the United States’ environment and ecosystem has been changing ever since the arrival of the Europeans in the 1700s to present day. Due to these encounters with other species whether harmful or neutral, the majority, if not all, of the United States has been affected with the threatening encroachment of native species due to the industrialization of waterways and transportation.
somehow. “Invasive plant species are always posing a threat by disturbing the natural order of Ecosystems. Rhamnus Cathartica, otherwise known as Cathartic Buckthorn is native to Europe and was first brought to Minnesota in the mid-1800's as a hedging material. There are two main species: Common Buckthorn and Glossy Buckthorn. Buckthorn is commonly a problem to wildlife habitat, threatens the forests and the natural habitats” (Minnesota DNR). Invasive plant species are always posing a threat by disturbing the natural order of Ecosystems. Buckthorn hurt the trees by invading their territories. The non-native such as Buckthorn
"Chapter 2 Western Settlement and the Frontier." Major Problems in American History: Documents and Essays. Ed. Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde. 3rd ed. Vol. II: Since 1865. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012. 37-68. Print.
My presentation is about the snowy owl the biome it lives in and the plant I chose to present.
own roots (not just the plant kind), this meant they needed a structure that was different than
Invasive alien species are disrupting and changing the normal ecological functions of biomes, ecosystems, and the biosphere as a whole (CBD, 2009). They are a threat to biodiversity and can cause damage to, or even eradicate native species which natural cycles and other organisms depend on. While disrupting energy flow, food chains, and shaking the structure of ecosystems to the core, invasive species create not only ecological, but also a whole host of social, economical, and health issues that affect the livelihood of almost every organism on earth, including humans (CBD, 2009).